高考英语二轮复习精品:非谓语动词ppt课件(全国通用)(49页).ppt
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1、v高考英语二轮复习:非谓语动词课件1v一、动名词与不定式的用法区别作用动名词不定式主语、表语表示抽象的一般的行为1Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.2Their job is building houses.表示具体的动作,特别是将来的动作1His greatest wish was to be a famous artist.2Their task now is to build the factory.宾语表示一般倾向或经常性的动作I like reading.特定或具体的某一次活动I like to rea
2、d the story book youre reading.定语表示被修饰的名(代)词的用途和性能a swimming poola pool for swimming表示将来的动作I have some homework to do.2v表2例词后接动名词后接不定式rememberforgetregretremember/forget/regret doing:动作已发生1I remember meeting him.2I forget writing to her.3I regret telling you the bad news.remember/forget/regret to do
3、:动作未发生1Remember to lock the door.2I forgot to write to her.3I regret to tell you that he wont come.Im sorry to tell you that he wont come.trytry doing试着做Ill try doing the work some other way.try to do努力做I must try to finish the work in an hour.need want require表示“需要”跟动名词主动式表示被动My shoes need mending.
4、跟不定式被动式表示被动My shoes need to be mended.stopstop doing:停止所干的事After dark they stopped working.stop to do:停下来做别的事情They stopped to have a rest.3v有些动词后面只能跟动名词作宾语,这些动词(短语)是:enjoy,imagine,cant help,avoid,miss,put off,advise,suggest,consider,keep(on),practice,mind,escape,delay,finish,admit,cant stand(无法忍受),r
5、isk,excuse,deny,appreciate,give up,include,resist,devote to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,get down to4v有些动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语,这些动词是:ask,want,wish,hope,agree,refuse,decide,pretend,promise,manage,fail,appear,care,demand,long(渴望),offer,expect,learn,desire5v注意:有些短语的to不是不定式符号,而是介词,其后应接动名词。这些短语常见的有:
6、vobject to doing sth.反对做某事vstick to doing sth.坚持做某事vdevote sth.to doing sth.把献给vset ones mind to doing sth.决心做某事vbe used to doing sth.习惯于做某事vget down to doing sth.开始做某事vlook forward to doing sth.盼望做某事6v链接v动名词的复合结构v为了表明动名词动作的发出者,在动名词前加上名词的所有格或物主代词,这就叫动名词的复合结构。如果不在句首,可采用名词的普通格或代词宾格。vWould you mind my/
7、me opening the door?vToms failing the exam made his father angry.vToms father was angry at Toms/Tom failing the exam.7v辨析v动名词与现在分词的区别v作定语时的区别:动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途;现在分词与被修饰的名词存在逻辑上的主谓关系。请比较:va walking sticka stick for walking(动名词)va sleeping boya boy who is sleeping(现在分词)8v作表语时的区别:动名词作表语,表示主语是什么,主语、表语位置可
8、互换;现在分词作表语说明主语的性质、特征,主语、表语位置不可互换。vMy job is teaching.Teaching is my job.(动名词)vThe story sounds moving.(现在分词)9v二、分词与动词不定式的用法区别v1分词与动词不定式作状语的区别v(1)动词不定式作状语:v主要表示目的vTo catch the early bus,she got up at 5 oclock.v还可以表示原因(用于表示喜、怒、哀、乐等心情的词后)vThey were very glad to hear the news.10v还可以表示结果(常用于“onlyto do”结构
9、,表示意想不到的结果)vThe boy rushed to the door,only to find it locked.v(2)分词(短语)作状语,可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、方式、结果,或表示伴随状况、补充说明等。vNot having made full preparations,we decided to put off the meeting till next week.v由于没有做好充分的准备,我们决定把会议推迟到下周。(分词短语Not having made full preparations在句中作原因状语)11vHearing the news,he burst int
10、o tears.v听到这个消息,他突然哭了起来。(现在分词短语hearing the news在句中作时间状语,意思是“当他听到这个消息时”)vWhen asked what had happened,he told us the whole thing.v当被问到发生了什么事情时,他向我们和盘托出。vLaughing and talking,they went into the room.v他们说笑着进了屋。(分词短语laughing and talking表明他们进屋的方式)12vArmed with a raincoat and an umbrella,he set out to sea
11、rch for the lost child.v穿着雨衣,拿着雨伞,他出发去寻找那个丢失的孩子了。(过去分词短语armed with a raincoat and an umbrella表明他出发时的方式)vFootball is played in 80 countries,making it the most popular sport in the world.v80个国家都踢足球,使得足球成为世界上最为流行的运动。(分词短语making.in the world从意义上讲是“80个国家都踢足球”的结果)13vHe sat there,thinking.v他坐在那里,沉思着。(“沉思”伴
12、随着“坐”)vThe professor entered the lab,followed by his assistants.v那位教授进了实验室,后面跟着他的助手们。vThe visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.(分词adding that.从意义上讲是对句中的expressed his satisfaction的补充说明)vTurning left,you will find the cinema.vIf you turn
13、left,you will find the cinema.(表条件)vThough lacking money,his parents managed to send him to university.v尽管缺钱,他的父母还是送他上了大学。(表让步)14v技巧v解题时,根据句意弄清楚空白处需要哪一种状况是关键。如果表示目的,就要用不定式;如果表示时间、条件、方式、让步、原因、伴随状况等,就要用分词。v辨析v现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别:v现在分词表示主动;过去分词表示被动。15vSeeing nobody at home,he left them a note.(句子主语he与动词se
14、e之间为主谓关系,因此用现在分词)vSeen from the top of the building,the city looks beautiful.(the city与动词see之间为动宾关系,因此用过去分词)16v典例(天津,12)_into English,the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.vATranslating BTranslatedvCTo translate DHaving translatedv解析:B。本题考查动词的非谓语形式作状语。主句主语the sentence与 tran
15、slate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词形式表示被动意义,A、C、D三项均表示主动意义。句意:被翻译成英语后,我们发现这个句子的顺序完全不一样了。17v2分词与动词不定式作定语、表语、宾语补足语的区别功能现在分词 过去分词不定式定语主动、进行(有时只表主动)被动、完成(有时只表被动或完成)表示将来的动作表语表示主语的特征表示主语所处的状态表示主语的具体内容或表目的宾语补足语表示正在进行的动作表示被动、完成的动作表示主动、整个过程18v作定语比较:v(1)Did you know the girl talking to our English teacher?(主动、进行)v(2)The
16、 bridge built last week cost one million dollars.(被动、完成)v(3)We live in a house facing south.(只表主动)v(4)He likes to read novels written by Dickens.(只表示被动)v(5)He is a retired worker.(不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成)v(6)I have an article to write.(不定式表示将来)19v典例(山东卷,27)Look over theretheres a very long,winding path_up t
17、o the house.vA.leading B.leadsvC.led D.to leadv解析:A。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。句意:看那儿有一条很长的且蜿蜒曲折的路,它直接通向这座房子。本题为非谓语动词作定语,故排除B项,且path与lead之间为主谓关系,故用现在分词作定语。20v作表语比较:v(1)The story is interesting.(表示主语的特征)v(2)He was excited at the news.(表示主语所处的状态)v(3)His job is to look after patients.(表示主语的具体内容)v作宾语补足语比较:v(1)Can you
18、 hear her singing in the next room?(表示正在进行的动作)21v(2)I often hear the song sung in English.(表示被动、完成的动作)v(3)I often hear her sing the song.(表示主动和全部过程)v技巧v解题思路v贯彻“八字方针”:根据语境,分析关系。分述如下:v作定语时,分析被修饰语和非谓语动词之间的关系:主谓关系用现在分词;动宾关系用过去分词;表示将来的动作用动词不定式。22v作宾语补足语时,分析宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系:表示主动、正在进行的动作用现在分词;表示被动、已经完成的动作用过去分
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