高考英语新优化浙江大一轮课件：语法专题突破 专题1.pptx

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1、语法语法专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词-3-考点二考点二考点三考点三考点四考点四考点五考点五考点一考点一1.不可数名词不可数名词没有单复数之分,它包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。下列名词通常用作不可数名词:fun,advice,weather,progress,information,bread,butter,baggage,clothing,equipment,furniture,homework,juice,luggage,luck,music,milk,meat,production,permission,rubber,rice,soup,wealth,health,glass(玻璃

2、),English,America等。(2017北京,阅读理解)Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.它把乐趣和复杂的概念结合在一起。-4-考点二考点二考点三考点三考点四考点四考点五考点五考点一考点一2.有些名词通常只用作复数。如:glasses眼镜,clothes衣服,goods货物,trousers裤子,belongings所有物,wages工资,riches财富,surroundings环境,ashes灰尘,compasses圆规,cattle牛,congratulations祝贺。有些固定搭配中的名词通常用复数。如:havewordswithsb.同某人吵架

3、,inlowspirits情绪低落,giveonesregardstosb.向某人问候,inrags衣衫褴褛,havegoodmanners有礼貌。-5-考点二考点二考点三考点三考点四考点四考点五考点五考点一考点一(2017全国,A)Lockersareavailabletostoreanybelongingsduringyourvisit.旅游期间,用来储存财物的储物柜可以使用。(201610浙江)Glaeserarguesthatcitiesareveryproductivebecause“theabsenceofspacebetweenpeoplereducesthecostoftran

4、sportinggoods,people,andideas.”Glaeser认为城市具有极强的生产力,因为“人与人之间的零距离降低了货物、人口和思想的传输成本”。-6-考点二考点二考点三考点三考点四考点四考点五考点五考点一考点一3.有些名词既可以用作可数名词,也可以用作不可数名词,但意义不同。work当表示“工作”时为不可数名词,但当表示“作品;著作”时则为可数名词。room“空间”(不可数),“房间”(可数);experience“经验”(不可数),“经历”(可数);paper“纸”(不可数),“报纸、文件、试卷”(可数)。200seniorstudentsfromdifferenthigh

5、schoolsalloverthecitygatheredtogether,recitingtheirworksandexchangingthought.全市来自于不同高中的200名高中生聚在一起,背诵他们的作品,并交换思想。-7-考点二考点二考点三考点三考点四考点四考点五考点五考点一考点一1.抽象名词表示某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪、思维等时通常为不可数名词。若与定冠词连用则表特指内容,如thescienceofsound声学。若泛指一般概念、意义,则不与任何冠词连用。2.有些物质名词可以具体为有形或有数量的相应物体,做单数、复数都可以。somecoffee一些咖啡/acoffee一杯咖

6、啡,drink饮料/twodrinks两杯饮料,ice冰/twoices两份冰激凌等。Youshouldneverputdrinksnearaphone.你应当永远都不要把饮料放到手机附近。-8-考点二考点二考点三考点三考点四考点四考点五考点五考点一考点一1.用在首次提到的人或物的可数名词单数前面,泛指某(一)个人或某(一)件事物。(2016全国)IfyouareafruitgrowerorwouldliketobecomeonetakeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhatsaround.如果你是一位水果种植者,或者想要成为此类人,请利用苹果节来了解相关情况吧。The“Ch

7、ineseDream”isadreamtoimprovepeopleswell-beingandadreamofharmony,peaceanddevelopment.“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦,一个和谐、和平和发展之梦。2.用在单数可数名词前相当于every,表示“每一”。ItssaidJohnwillbeinajobpayingover$60,000ayear.据说约翰将会有一份年薪超过60,000美元的工作。-9-考点二考点二考点三考点三考点四考点四考点五考点五考点一考点一3.在抽象名词前可使抽象名词具体化,表示“一场、一次、一件”。如:asuccess一件成功的事或一个成功的人,as

8、urprise一件令人惊讶的事,apity一件遗憾的事,anhonour一个/件令人引以为荣的人/事,acomfort一件令人欣慰的事。(2016全国)Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.今天,三代人都认为这次搬迁是件成功的事,这使他们的关系比以往住在不同城市更亲密。-10-考点二考点二考点三考点三考点四考点四考点五考点五考点一考点一4.不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示“再一,又一”。(2016江苏

9、)Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive(认知的)skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.又一原因是孩子的社交智力开发早于他们的总的认知技能,至少与大猩猩比较起来是这样的。-11-考点二考点二考点三考点三考点四考点四考点五考点五考点一考点一5.用在人名或者时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或者某个时间,相当于acertain。如:aSmith一个叫史密斯的人。IcanttellyouthewaytotheWilsonsbecausewedont

10、haveaWilsonhereinthevillage.我无法告诉你去威尔逊家的路,因为这个村子里没有一个叫威尔逊的人。Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic;heisverylikelytobeaBeethoven.布赖恩在音乐创作上很有天赋,他很有可能会成为一位像贝多芬那样的音乐大师。-12-考点二考点二考点三考点三考点四考点四考点五考点五考点一考点一6.不定冠词常用的固定搭配:allofasudden突然;asamatteroffact事实上;onceaweek每周一次;ataloss不知所措,茫然;beonavisit参观,拜访;be/goonadiet节食;gives

11、b.alift让某人搭便车;haveagiftfor.在方面有天赋;haveagoodtime玩得开心;haveawordwith.与谈话;inahurry匆忙地;inaway从某种意义上说;makealiving谋生;takeawalk散步;takeaninterestin.对感兴趣;take/havearest休息一会儿-13-考点二考点二考点三考点三考点四考点四考点五考点五考点一考点一1.特指上文提到过的、特定的人或事物,或双方都明确的人或事物。Ihaveacar.Thecarisred.我有辆车。这辆车是红色的。Passmethebook,please.请把那本书递给我。2.用在名词前

12、表特指或者表类别。(2016全国)Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.沉默在不同文化中的意义是不同的。-14-考点二考点二考点三考点三考点四考点四考点五考点五考点一考点一3.用在世上独一无二的事物之前。如:themoon,thePacificOcean。(201610浙江)Thesimplefactisthatwe,whohavealwaysregardedourselvesassupremeintheuniverse,maynotbeso.简单的事实是,我们总是自以为自己是宇宙的主宰,或许实际上并非如此。4.用于形容词和分词前表示一类人。

13、如:therich,theliving,thewounded。Lifeislikeanocean:Onlythestrong-willedcanreachtheothershore.人生就如同海洋,只有那些意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。-15-考点二考点二考点三考点三考点四考点四考点五考点五考点一考点一5.用于表示度量单位的名词前。如:Ihiredthecarbythehour.我按小时租了这辆车。6.用于序数词、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级前。如:Amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces,most

14、importantlyThePersistenceofMemory.在展出的作品和杰作中,参观者会发现最佳作品,最重要的是记忆的永恒这幅作品。-16-考点二考点二考点三考点三考点四考点四考点五考点五考点一考点一7.定冠词常用的固定搭配:atthemoment此刻,目前atthesametime同时bytheway顺便说一下onthespot当场makethebest/mostof.充分利用inthedistance在远处intheend最终theotherday前几天ontheonehand.,ontheother(hand).一方面,另一方面tothepoint中肯,切题-17-考点二考点二

15、考点三考点三考点四考点四考点五考点五考点一考点一1.不可数名词或者可数名词复数前,一般不加冠词。(2016全国)Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstopattraction.但是对于像我这样的游客,熊猫才是最吸引我的东西。2.称呼语及表示头衔、职务的名词做表语、补足语及同位语时,其前一般不加冠词。SamhasbeenappointedmanageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotaketheplaceofGeorge.萨姆已经被委任为工程部的经理来代替乔治。3.表示季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐等的名词前一般不加冠词。Springi

16、sthebestseasonoftheyear.春天是一年最好的季节。-18-考点二考点二考点三考点三考点四考点四考点五考点五考点一考点一4.零冠词常用的固定搭配:infact事实上 forexample例如indanger在危险中withpleasure高兴地intime及时infear恐惧地atwork在上班atdinner在吃饭afterschool放学后atfirst起初atlast最终byhand手工做的payattentionto注意setfireto放火takepridein以为豪takecareof照顾takeoffice就职takepartin参加intown在城里keep.

17、inmind牢记introuble处于麻烦中onfoot步行-19-考点二考点二考点三考点三考点四考点四考点五考点五考点一考点一catchsightof看见 ontime按时loseweight减肥doharmto对有害对应演练-20-.根据提示或语境完成句子1.(201711浙江)Itsnotallthathardtobuildanadvancedandlargevocabulary.Likemanythingsinlife,itsanon-goingprocess.2.(201711浙江)Youwouldntthinkthatafewmonths(month)ofexerciseinyou

18、rteenswouldbeenoughfortherestofyourlife,andthatsalsotrueforbuildingyourvocabularyyouhavetokeepatitdaily,andprettysoonyouwillfindthatyouhaveanexcellentvocabulary.3.(20176浙江)ForPahlsson,itsreturnwasawonder.4.(2017全国)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowds(crowd)ontheroads

19、aboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.对应演练-21-5.(2017全国)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththeintroduction(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.6.(2017全国)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.7.(2017全国)Instead,sheisearning6,500adayasamodelinNewYork.8.(2016

20、全国)AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.9.(2018全国)Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverthepast25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.10.(2016全国)AneveningwithSimonwillgiveyoutheconfidencetobefunny.对应演练-22-11.(2016全国)Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations(imag

21、ine).12.(2016全国)Therearealsovarieties(vary)developedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.13.(2016北京)Inthe1980s,electricallines(line)andleadpoisoningnearlydrovethemtodyingout.14.(2018浙江)MakingChinesedishes(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.对应演练-23-.根据内容和所给提示完成下面短文(2018山东德州高三期中)Blessedbythepleasantweather,t

22、heislandprovinceofHainanisfastbecomingknownas“ChinasFlorida”,1.drawing(draw)massesofretireesescapingthebitingcoldoftheirhometowns.“AthomeinHarbin,itcanbe-30C;itisunbearable!Butheretheclimateis2.suitable(suit),”saida71-year-oldwomanfromthe3.extremely(extreme)coldprovinceofHeilongjiang.She4.has moved/

23、has been moving(move)eachwintertoSanyaoverthepasteightyears.“Herethe5.warmth(warm)isbetterforourhealth.Wefindsomanypeoplefromourprovince6.thatwearesurewewillnotgetbored”saidQiNingxia,7.a60-year-oldmanfromHeilongjiang.对应演练-24-About700,000elderlypeoplecometoSanyaeverywinter,almostdoubling8.its(it)population.Nearlyhalfofthese“migratorybirds”,9.as/whichtheyarecalled,comefromthenorthernprovincesinChina.Thetrendbeganin2000aspeoplebeganbuyingSanyaapartments,openingbusinessandpersuadingfriendsandfamily10.to join(join)them,creatingasnowballeffect.