高考英语新优化浙江大一轮课件：语法专题突破 专题13.pptx

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1、专题十三特殊句式专题十三特殊句式-2-考点一考点二一二三四五六一、倒装1.表示时间、地点、方位和动作转移的副词,如:there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away位于句首,句子谓语是go,come,run等不及物动词,可将谓语全部置于主语之前。但主语是人称代词时,不倒装。There remains the possibility that mistakes have been made.仍然有已经出错的可能。(2016天津)Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year.然后年底最后的颁奖仪式

2、随之而来。-3-考点一考点二一二三四五六2.当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时,也常常用全部倒装。(2016全国乙)In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient.盒子里装的是病人急需的干细胞。3.such做表语置于句首时,也常常用全部倒装。Such was Einstein,a simple man but a great scientist.这就是爱因斯坦,一位朴实而又伟大的科学家。-4-考点一考点二一二三四五六4.表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。(1)形容词+连系动词+主语Pr

3、esent at the meeting were some experts.到会的是一些专家。(2)过去分词+连系动词+主语Gone are the days when we walked to work.我们步行上班的时代一去不复返了。(3)介词短语+连系动词+主语Among the goods are flowers,candles and toys.货物中有花、蜡烛和玩具。-5-考点一考点二一二三四五六1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等表示否定意义的副词以及by no means,not until,not only,not

4、 a word,not a single,on no condition,in no case等表示否定意义的词组开头,要用部分倒装语序。Never will he come back to the factory.他永远也不会回到这家工厂了。Not only do the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well.护士们不仅想要增加报酬,她们也想要减少工作时间。2.当句子用so,nor,neither开头,说明前面一句话中的情况也适用于另外一些人或物时,主语和谓语部分倒装。Tom likes English,and

5、so do I.汤姆喜欢英语,我也喜欢英语。-6-考点一考点二一二三四五六3.在so/such.that引导的结果状语从句中,为了强调,把so/such提到句首时,主谓要倒装。So moved was she that she could not say a word.她感动得一句话都说不出来。So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.他跑得那么快以至于远远超过了其他人。4.as/though引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序,即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as/though的前面。在as/though引导的让步状语从句中

6、,做表语的单数可数名词前不用加任何冠词。Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子,但他懂得很多。-7-考点一考点二一二三四五六5.在省略if的虚拟条件句中,were,had或should要提到句首构成倒装。Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him.如果你早来几分钟,你就能看见他了。6.当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时,采用部分倒装形式。要注意“only+主语”用在句首时不倒装。(2016全国)Only after a year of friendly discuss

7、ion did Ms Garza finally say yes.直到经过一年的友好协商后,Garza夫人才最终同意了。Only you can help me.只有你能帮助我。-8-考点一考点二一二三四五六7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed!祝你成功!8.neither.nor.连接两个并列分句时,这两个分句都要用倒装形式。Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.我既不知道这件事,也不关心这件事。-9-一二三四五六考点一考点二二、省略1.单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词,常用在be afraid,expec

8、t,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish等词后;或放在表情绪的词后,代替被省略的动词,常见词有glad,happy,pleased等;但是,如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,则不应省略。The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.那个司机想在路边停车,但是警察不让(他停在那儿)。-10-一二三四五六考点一考点二He is not a lawyer now,but

9、he used to be.他现在已不是律师了,但他曾经是。Your work hasnt been handed in,but it ought to have been.你的作业还没交,但早该上交了。-11-一二三四五六考点一考点二2.感官动词或使役动词(feel,notice,see,hear,let,make,have等)后接不定式做宾语补足语时常省略to。I heard my father sing in the kitchen.我听见爸爸在厨房里唱歌。3.在由and或or连接的并列不定式结构中常省略后面的to。I want to finish my homework and go

10、home.我想完成作业然后回家。4.在do nothing but,cant help but,why not,would rather.than.,had better等句型中省略to。The little boy could do nothing but cry.小男孩只能哭,别无他法。-12-一二三四五六考点一考点二1.在由when,while,if,as if,although/though,as,until,once,whether,when,where等引导的状语从句中,当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语含有be时,可省略状语从句的主语和be。(2016四川改编)As sh

11、own here,Lainey can become excited about reading when presented with literature on topics that interest her.如下所示,当别人赠予Lainey令她感兴趣的文学作品时,她会因阅读而兴奋起来。-13-一二三四五六考点一考点二2.当从句的主语是it,谓语动词是be动词时,可以把it和be一起省略。此时构成“连词+形容词”的结构。Though(it was)cold,he still wore a shirt.尽管天冷,但他仍然穿着一件衬衣。(201610浙江)If successful,the

12、electric bicycle meal programme will be spread to all Crowne Plaza hotels in the UK.如果成功了,骑单车发电计划将普及到英国所有的皇冠假日酒店。3.在if so/not省略句式中,用so/not代替上文的内容。Get up early tomorrow.If not(=If you dont get up early tomorrow),you will miss the early bus.明天早点起床,不然的话,你就会错过早班车。-14-一二三四五六考点一考点二考点三三、强调强调句的基本构成为:It is/w

13、as+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。被强调部分指人时,可用who或that;被强调部分指物时,用that。如:(2016北京)“Its the ocean that makes Rockaway so special.”she says.她说:“正是大海使得Rockaway如此特别。”It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会的。-15-一二三四五六考点一考点二考点三强调句的一般疑问句形式为“Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”;特殊疑问句形式为

14、“特殊疑问词+is/was it+that/who+其他成分”。Was it in high school that you began playing basketball?你是不是在高中的时候开始打篮球的?Where was it that you put your mobile phone after coming back?你回来之后把手机放在什么地方了?-16-一二三四五六考点一考点二考点三not.until.结构中的状语成分在强调句型中被强调时,not与until要放在一起。Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th

15、century that his musical gift was fully recognized.巴赫于1750年去世,但直到19世纪早期他的音乐才华才受到普遍认可。It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognized him.直到他把太阳镜摘下来我才将其认了出来。-17-一二三四五六考点一考点二四、反意疑问句1.当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,反意疑问部分的主语与谓语常和主句保持一致。He said that they would come to my birthday party,didnt he?他说他们要来参加我的生日聚

16、会,是吗?2.当陈述部分主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,且主句主语为第一人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致;当陈述部分主句的主语为第二、三人称时,后面的疑问部分的主语和谓语与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。They dont believe he will succeed,do they?他们不相信他会成功,是吗?-18-一二三四五六考点一考点二当陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定词时,反意疑问部分用肯定形式。但

17、带有表示否定意义的前缀构成的词时,其反意疑问部分用否定形式。He could hardly speak English,could he?他几乎不会说英语,是吗?He dislikes playing the piano,doesnt he?他不喜欢弹钢琴,是吗?-19-一二三四五六五、祈使句1.祈使句+and+简单句表示“如果就”Do that again and Ill call a policeman.你再那样做我就要叫警察了。2.祈使句+or+简单句表示“否则”Put it down,or Ill smack you.把它放下来,不然我会揍你。注意:有时名词短语可以看作是祈使句。A f

18、ew more minutes and I will finish the work.再给我几分钟我就会完成这项工作。-20-一二三四五六六、感叹句1.What a(n)+adj.+单数名词+主语+谓语!What an interesting story it is!多么有趣的故事啊!What a happy day it is!多么快乐的一天啊!2.What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!What beautiful butterflies they are!多么漂亮的蝴蝶啊!-21-一二三四五六3.How+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+主语+谓语!How tall a boy he is!这

19、个男孩真高啊!4.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!How well she plays!她演奏得多好啊!对应演练-22-.根据语境和括号内的提示完成句子1.(2017天津)It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.2.(2016浙江)And then came the lesson Ive taken with me through my life.3.(2016天津)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel t

20、hat the coach picks up tourists.4.Poor as(as poor)it may be,there is no place like home,wherever you may go.5.How was the televised debate last night?Super!Rarely did it attract(it,attract)so much media attention.对应演练-23-6.(2016天津)I began to learn this when I had my car crashed(crash).7.(2016全国)I wa

21、s delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was(be)an exceptionally creative mind at work.8.It might have saved me some trouble had I known(I know)the schedule.9.(2018天津)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.10.Dont forget to put the t

22、ools back where they were after you have finished your work,will you?对应演练-24-11.(2018北京)In any unsafe situation,simply press(press)the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.12.(2018全国)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while feeding(feed)its citizens“offers usef

23、ul lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.”says the banks Juergen Voegele.对应演练-25-.完成句子1.所有的英国人都通晓自己的语言,这绝不是真的。By no means is it true that all English people know their own language well.2.他很少去看电影。Seldom does he go to see a film.3.只有这样你才能解决这个问题。Only in this way can you solve this pr

24、oblem.4.你认为会下雨吗?我希望不下。Do you think it will rain?I hope not.对应演练-26-5.汤姆,你去把衣服洗了!Tom,you wash the clothes!6.直到她母亲回来,她才上床睡觉。It was not until her mother came back that she went to bed.7.玛丽要结婚了。是的。我也要结婚了。Mary will get married.So she will.And so will I.对应演练-27-8.如有必要,请给我打电话。If necessary,please call me.9.今天天气真好!What a nice day today!10.你觉得这本书很好,不是吗?