高考英语一轮复习（课标3卷B版）课件：专题十一　推理判断.ppt

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1、Passage1(2018课标全国,C)词数:420WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-year-oldChine

2、searchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrizewhichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitectureonFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).Hisof-ficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus(校园)oftheuniversityinHangzhou,Zhejiang

3、Province.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.五年高考A A组组 统一命题统一命题课标卷题组课标卷题组ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves(曲线)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formin

4、gauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).Wangsworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchi

5、tectureandagoodknowledgeoftradi-tions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAn-do,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums.“Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted,”hesaid.“ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstanding

6、oftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,”hesaid.“Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwh

7、attheyreallyare,”saidWang.Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.1.WangswinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare.A.followingthelatestworldtrendB.gettinginternationalrecognitionC.workingharderthaneverbeforeD.relyingon

8、foreignarchitects2.WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?A.Itshillyenvironment.B.Itslargesize.C.Itsuniquestyle.D.Itsdiversefunctions.3.WhatmadeWangsarchitecturaldesignasuccess?A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes.B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.C.Theuseofpopulartechniques.D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.4.Wha

9、tshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?A.Spreadthemtotheworld.B.Preservethematmuseums.C.Teachtheminuniversities.D.Recreatetheminpractice.答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。题材为人物故事类。文章介绍了中国建筑设计师王澍将传统与现代结合,将中国传统元素融入自己的建筑设计中,荣获了2012年普利兹克建筑奖。1.B推理判断题。根据第二段第一句(他们的努力已被证明是富有成效的。)和最后一句(他是第一个获得这一奖项的中国公民。)可推知,王澍获奖意味着

10、中国的建筑设计师正在获得世界的认可,故选B项。2.C细节理解题。根据第四段的内容,尤其是最后一句(这些建筑物的曲线与山的起伏完美搭配,形成了独特的风景。)可知答案为C项。3.D推理判断题。题干句意:什么使王澍的建筑设计获得了成功?根据第五段最后一句(由于现代元素与中国传统元素的结合,这一作品吸引了很多关注。)可知答案为D项。4.D细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句(对传统的学习应该和实践相结合。)可知答案为D项。难句分析难句分析原句:WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrizewhichisofte

11、nreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitectureonFebruary28.分析:句子的主干为WangShuwonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize,句中a49-year-oldChi-nesearchitect为同位语;which引导定语从句,先行词为PritzkerArchitecturePrize,which在从句中作主语。译文:王澍,一位49岁的中国建筑设计师,在2012年2月28日获得了普利兹克建筑奖,这一奖项经常被称为“建筑界的诺贝尔奖”。重点词汇重点词汇landmarkbuilding地标建筑fruitfuladj.富有

12、成效的Passage2(2017课标全国,B)词数:274MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthethe-aters75-yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anot

13、hergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuildingsend.ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethem

14、oviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.Headdedthatthetheaterslocation(位置)wasalsoareason.“Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,”hesaid.“Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuild

15、ingsandwarehouses.”Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheate

16、rislocated.Thetheateraudiencesaidgood-byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePlazaTheaterhadshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.1.InwhatwaywasyesterdayscleanupatthePlazaspecial?A.Itmaderoomfornewequipment.B.Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.C.Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience

17、.D.Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheater.2.WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?A.Itwasanall-timeclassic.B.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.C.Theaudiencerequestedit.D.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.3.Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding?A.Itwillberepaired.B.Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.C.Itwillbeknockeddown.D.It

18、willbesoldtothecitygovernment.4.Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?A.TheyaredisappointedwithBradford.B.Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.C.Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials.D.Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.答案答案语篇解读一家经营了75年的影院宣布关张,最后放映的最后一场电影让观众热泪盈眶。文中介绍了影院关张的原因以及影院场地的改造计划。1.B推理判断题。第一段结尾处说,一组工人运垃圾,另

19、外一组工人开始拆卸座椅和其他设备,为影院的结束做准备。这预示着这个已有75年历史的影院永远关张,故B项正确。2.D细节理解题。根据第二段的“TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.”可知D项正确。3.C推理判断题。短文第四段后半部分说影院老板已经把影院连同土地出售给了当地的一家开发公司,而开发公司计划在影院所在地建设一个综合购物大楼。考生依据这些信息可以推断出影院建筑肯定要被拆除,故正确选项为C。B项有一些干扰作用。4.B推理判断题。根据文章第二段所描述的拥有250个座位的影院几乎座无虚席,观众眼含

20、泪水观看一部三十年前的老电影和影院做最后的告别的场景,可以推断出B项正确。高级语块高级语块1.appropriateadj.合适的;恰当的2.inpreparationfor为做准备3.abandonvt.抛弃;遗弃4.financialadj.财政的5.besetin以为背景6.classicn.经典作品7.warehousen.仓库;货栈长难句长难句Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.B

21、radford把这栋楼和这块地卖给了当地的一个开发公司,这家公司计划在这家影院所处的这块土地上建一栋综合购物大楼。本句为复合句。逗号后是which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词firm,在这个定语从句中还有一个由关系副词where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词land。Passage3(2017课标全国,B)词数:290IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturesc

22、anbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(猫头鹰)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.Iexaminedthechick(雏鸟)anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighth

23、avebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebas-kettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igave

24、thehomeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults;theymightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Theho

25、meownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.AnditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofallLUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.1.Whatisunavoidableintheauthorsrescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Effo

26、rtsmadeinvain.B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.D.Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.2.WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?A.Torescueawoman.B.Totakecareofawoman.C.Tolookatababyowl.D.Tocureayoungowl.3.Whatmadethechickcalmdown?A.Anewnest.B.Somefood.C.Arecording.D.Itsparents.4.Howwou

27、ldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?A.Itsunexpected.B.Itsbeautiful.C.Itshumorous.D.Itsdiscouraging.答案答案语篇解读本文为记叙文,讲述了一位志愿者成功救助一只落到地上的猫头鹰雏鸟的故事。作者为猫头鹰雏鸟编织了一个鸟巢放在树上,并请人播放猫头鹰雏鸟叫声的录音,最终成功引回猫头鹰雏鸟的父母来照顾它。1.A推理判断题。根据第一段中的“canbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain”可知,拯救野生生物的工作有时令人心碎,因为动物不一定能活下来,也就是说可能会徒

28、劳无功,由此可知答案为A项。B:在工作中受伤;C:对未来不确定;D:生物会被迫离开栖息地。以上三项在文中均未被提及,故全部排除。2.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Shehadfoundayoungowlontheground.”和第三段中的“Iexaminedthechickanditseemedfine.”可知,作者接到一位居住在Muttontown的妇女的电话,于是赶过去看看这只雏鸟的情况。选项C中的“lookat(检查)”与文中的“examined”相对应,故答案为C项。3.A细节理解题。题干中的“calmdown”是关键词。文中第四段指出作者把雏鸟放进特意为它做的鸟巢后,它很快安静了下

29、来,由此可知新的鸟巢使雏鸟平静了下来,故答案为A项。其他选项的信息是故事发展到后期出现的,故排除。4.B推理判断题。短文的最后三句描写作者看到巢中的小猫头鹰十分健康、活跃,最令人喜悦的是它的父母给它觅来了午餐。由此可以推断小猫头鹰今后也将得到其父母悉心的照料。作者对事件结局的感受通过“thegreatestsight”表现出来,与文章第一段中的“beauti-ful”相呼应。因此,答案应为B项。高级语块高级语块1.heartbreakingadj.令人心碎的2.survivaln.存活,生存3.constructv.建造;构筑4.calmdown平静下来5.respondto对做出反应Pass

30、age4(2017课标全国,D)词数:288Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesntsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantsp

31、umpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.Itsaplantswayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butother

32、sdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,butth

33、eneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdontknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinfor

34、mationwasexchanged,butitwasntatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(亲密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.Theresawholelotgoingon.1.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?A.Itmakesnoises.B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.C.Itstands

35、quietly.D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3?A.Theattackersgetattacked.B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.3.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan.A.predictnaturaldisastersB.protectt

36、hemselvesagainstinsectsC.talktooneanotherintentionallyD.helptheirneighborswhennecessary4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Theworldischangingfasterthanever.B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.C.Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.D.PeopleinDarwinstimeweremoreimaginative.答案答案语篇解读本文为介绍科普知识的说明文。文章主要介绍

37、了科学家所揭示的植物抵御昆虫袭击和传递信息的奥秘。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段枫树的例子可知,当其受到攻击时,受到伤害的部位会释放出被称为VOCs的化学物质,由第二段第一句可知所有的植物受到攻击时都会做出这种反应,故D项正确。植物被攻击时释放出的是化学物质而不是噪音,故排除A;释放出的化学物质是对其他植物的警示,而不是从其他植物那里得到帮助,故排除B;根据第一段首句可排除C项。2.A推理判断题。根据第三段可知,某些植物受到攻击时,会释放出某种香味,将攻击者的天敌吸引过来,由此可知当它们到来时,情况发生了反转,原先享用午餐(侵害树木)的攻击者将会成为其天敌的午餐,即成为被攻击者,故A项正确。3.

38、B推理判断题。根据文章前三段所描述的树木在遭到昆虫袭击后的反应,加之第四段所介绍的树木的损伤情况和周边树木接到警报后的反应,可以概括出植物能够保护自身不受昆虫侵害这一点。故正确答案为B。4.C推理判断题。最后一段提到,150多年前,达尔文就曾想到生物世界比我们所看到、听到的更加繁忙,更加吵闹,也更加亲密,我们的感官不够强大,很多东西未被感知到。由此可推断出,这个世界比其表面看上去更加复杂,故C项正确。高级语块高级语块1.pumpv.用泵等输出;涌出poundn.混合物;化合物3.intentionaladj.故意的;蓄意的4.leafyadj.多叶的;叶茂的5.volatileadj.易挥发的

39、长难句长难句Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.它们大量排出用来吸引对于攻击者来说是天敌的不同昆虫的香味。本句为复合句,句中过去分词短语designedtoattractdifferentinsects作后置定语,修饰perfumes,who引导定语从句,修饰先行词insects。Passage5(2016课标全国,D)词数:356Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisno

40、news.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatinformationisbe-ingspreadandmonitored(监控)indifferentways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrack-ingpeoplese-mailsandonlineposts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.“Thei

41、fitbleedsruleworksformassmedia,”saysJonahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania.“Theywantyoureyeballsanddontcarehowyourefeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.YoudontwantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”Researchersanalyzingword-of-mouthcommunicatione-mails,Web

42、postsandreviews,face-to-faceconversationsfoundthatittendedtobemorepositivethannegative(消极的),butthatdidntnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews.Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybe-causepeopleexperiencedmoregoodthingsthanbadthings?Totestforthatpossibility,Dr.Bergerlookedathowpeoplespreadapartic

43、ularsetofnewsstories:thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimeswebsite.HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe“moste-mailed”listforsixmonths.Oneofhisfirstfindingswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikelytomakethelistthannon-sciencearticles.HefoundthatscienceamazedTimesreadersandmadethemwanttosharethispo

44、sitivefeelingwithothers.Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.Theyneededtobearoused(激发)onewayortheother,andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad.Themorepositiveanarticle,themorelikelyitwastobeshared,asDr.Berg

45、erexplainsinhisnewbook,“Contagious:WhyThingsCatchOn.”1.Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinthetextapplyto?A.Newsreports.B.Researchpapers.C.Privatee-mails.D.Dailyconversations.2.WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?A.Theyresociallyinactive.B.Theyregoodattellingstories.C.Theyreinconsiderateofothers.D

46、.Theyrecarefulwiththeirwords.3.Whichtendedtobethemoste-mailedaccordingtoDr.Bergersresearch?A.Sportsnews.B.Sciencearticles.C.Personalaccounts.D.Financialreviews.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SadStoriesTravelFarandWideB.OnlineNewsAttractsMorePeopleC.ReadingHabitsChangewiththeTimesD.GoodNewsBea

47、tsBadonSocialNetworks答案答案语篇解读新闻媒体为了吸引人们的眼球,常常报道不好的消息或悲惨的事情,但是随着网络的发展情况有了变化。研究者通过追踪人们的邮件和网络跟帖,发现好的消息传播得更快。在现在的社交网络中,好消息打败了坏消息,人们更倾向于传播正能量的文章等。1.A细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.可知传统规则适用于新闻报道,故答案是A。2.C推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知大众媒体只关心是否吸引你的眼球,而不关心你的感受,但是当你和你的朋友分享故

48、事的时候,你会非常关心你朋友的反应,不希望对方认为你是一个冷漠的、不体贴的人。C选项符合文意。3.B细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句话可知科学类的文章比非科学类的文章被写入邮件的可能性大得多,故B选项正确。4.D主旨大意题。根据文章的第一段可知,坏消息传播得更快。如果新闻里有流血事件,那么这条新闻会成为头版头条,引起人们的注意。但是现在情况发生了变化,研究者通过追踪人们的邮件和网络跟帖,发现好的消息传播得更快。在现在的社交网络中,好消息打败了坏消息,故D选项正确。高级语块高级语块1.massmedia大众媒体2.thinkof.as.把看作是3.Themore.themore.越越长难句长难句

49、Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.读者们也倾向于分享,让人感到兴奋或是有趣的文章,或是引发愤怒或焦急的消极感受的文章,而不是仅仅让他们感到忧伤的文章。本句是复合句,三个that引导的定语从句对articles进行修饰限定。Passage6(2016课标全国,D)词数:293Anewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccess

50、fulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.FrankHurleyspictureswouldbeoutstandingundoubtedlyfirst-ratephoto-journalismiftheyhadbeenmadelastweek.Infact,theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck(海难),byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurvival.Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest,u