高考英语二轮专题复习课件:专题15-完形填空.ppt
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1、高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单第二节完型填空专题十五完形填空高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单角度1上下语境的阅读理解完形填空主要考查考生的语言综合运用能力,包括:对文章整体的把握与理解;对上下文或句子之间关系的把握与理解;对句子内部结构和意义的把握和理解;词汇与语法的灵活运用能力。【典例1】上下句的语境理解 Whenever we hear about“the homeless”,most of us think of the Develop
2、ing World.But the 36 is that homelessness is everywhere.For example,how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a 37 country like Germany?(2012山东)高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单36A.resultBtruthCreasonDidea37A.traditionalBdevelopingCtypicalDwealthy解析根据上句语境“每当我们听到无家可归”的时候,我
3、们大多数人想到的是发展中国家,下句连词but表示转折,说明前面我们中间大部分人认为的不是实际情况,因此,此处用truth表示“事实”。故第一个题应选B项。第二个选项,根据下文信息词like Germany可知,德国是发达(developed)国家,这是常识,而“发达的”应与“富裕的”意思一致。故第二个空应选D项。答案36.B37.D高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单【典例2】上下文段的语境理解 The Mullers soon realised that food and clothing werent 42 .“What these people als
4、o need is warmth and 43 ,”says Rita.The Mullers didnt 44 to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.Kurt and Rita receive no 52 for their hard work.“We feel like parents,”says Rita,“and parents shouldnt 53 money for helping their children.The love we get on the st
5、reets is our salary.”(2012山东)高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单42A.enough BnecessaryChelpful Dexpensive43A.fame BfreedomCCourageDcaring44A.hesitate BagreeCpretend Dintend52A.permissionBpaymentCdirectionDsupport53A.borrow BraiseCsave Dexpect高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单解析根据下文The love we get
6、on the streets is our salary.(我们在街道上获得的爱就是我们的薪水)可知,第43个小题“无家可归”的人应该得到的是“关爱”(caring),而不是“名声”(fame)、“自由”(freedom)或“勇气”(courage);故第43个小题应选D项。他们帮助无家可归的人不求回报,根据上下文的理解,所以第52小题应选B项。答案42.A43.D44.A52.B53.D高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单【知识链接】首句或首段往往内含许多信息,像主题句,文章主旨,文章的体裁类型等,因此,做题时考生应该把握首句,作为突破口,推测作者的意向,
7、判断整篇文章的写作思想、内容、线索等,在掌握语篇大意的基础上对每一处细节设空进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。解答语境题时,考生除了“瞻前顾后”外,还要注意甄别干扰信息,如典例1中第1小题,考生可能会根据上句直接误选A项,理解为“结果是无家可归的人处处不在”,但真正有效的暗示信息应该从后文中得出。所以解题时一定做到前后照应,上下贯通,语意通顺,立足整个语篇,代入验证,理解推敲,合乎常理,最后做答。高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单角度2词语辨析词语辨析是完形填空的考查重点之一,主要考查实词(如:名词、动词、形容词、副词等),包括同义词或近义词的辨析,相似词的辨析,转
8、换词的辨析等。【典例1】同义词、近义词的辨析 .“I grew up on a hundredacre farm and had only cats 37 playmates,”Kruger,the seventyyearold man,says.“My hearing was damaged by the 38 of farm equipment,so I learned to connect with animals.They react to what they see and what you do.”高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单 .But
9、on a January night in 2009,Inky did 41 that would set her apart from ordinary cats forever.(2012辽宁)37A.likeBasCexceptDamong解析“我”在一个100英亩的农场长大,只有猫陪伴“我”一起玩。这里用介词as表示“当做,作为”。考查近义词的辨析。答案B高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单38A.soundBalarmCnoiseDvoice解析考查四个“声音”的辨析,sound指“一般的声音”,alarm侧重“警示音”,noise指“噪音”,vo
10、ice指“嗓音”;文中指farm equipment发出的声音,而且损坏了“我”的听力,所以应选noise“噪音”。答案C高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单41A.anythingBnothingCsomethingDeverything解析考查四个不定代词的辨析,angthing“任何事情”,用在疑问句或否定句中,nothing“无事,无物”,something“某事,某物”,用在肯定句中,表示不确定的东西,据语境可知,在一月的一个晚上,Inky做了一件事,这使它永远与普通的猫不一样,故选C项。而everything指“每件事,一切事物”。不合语境意义。
11、答案C高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单【典例2】连接词的辨析 That holiday morning I didnt have to attend school.Usually,on holidays,Mother(allows)me to sleep in.And I would certainly take full advantage of it.On this particular morning,37 ,I felt like getting up early.(2012江西)高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知
12、识清单37A.otherwiseBthereforeChoweverDbesides解析本题考查四个连接词的辨析,otherwise副词,“否则,不然”;表让步关系;therefore副词,“所以,因此”表递进、总结意义,besides副词,“此外,而且”并列关系,however副词,“然而”,转折关系。根据上文讲的通常的情况和下文的“I felt like getting up early”可知,上下文存在转折关系,故填however。答案C高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单【典例3】相似词语的辨析 .Though I was absolutely th
13、rilled with the chance,it did not come without its fair share of(challenges)Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week,I found it vital to pick up the material fast with every last bit of concentration.It is that extreme 48 to detail(细节)and stress on practice that set us apart.(2
14、012北京)高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单48A.attentionBassociationCattractionDadaptation解析本题中四个选项都是以tion结尾的,是一组形似名词。attention“关 注,关 心”;association“联 合,社 团”;attraction“吸引,吸引力”;adaptation“适应,改编本”。根据语境可知attention当选。答案A高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单【知识链接】名词辨析在辨析型完形填空题中所占的比例较大。包含两种类型;一类是四个选项全是普通的日
15、常生活用词。这些词通常是表示地点、身份、职业等的名词。考生可通过上下文语境来确定合适的名词,这类题目偏易,只要考生足够细心,就能从故事的发展中找到线索。另一类是四个名词都属于高级词汇,常表示人物之间的关系以及对场景的描述等。考生要根据文章对某个特定情景的描述进行推断或概括,这样的题目难度较大。高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单角度3词语的习惯搭配搭配题涉及面很广,以固定搭配和习惯用法居多,动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词等为考查重点。对于此类题考生平时必须记忆一些固定搭配,尤其是往年真题的选项中经常会涉及的固定搭配。【典例1】词语的固定搭配 .I was g
16、rowing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s,when children from different races and religions played and studied together in harmony.At that time my family lived a stones 40 from Ismails.(2012福建)高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单40A.dropBthrowCmoveDroll解析a stones throw表示“非常靠近”,是固定短语,语意为,“在那时我家住得离I
17、smail家很近”。故选B项。答案B高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单【典例2】词语的习惯搭配 .Several thoughts crossed my mind as I watched him work.He wasnt welldressed.He had on a pair of shorts and a(n)shiny Tshirt.The bicycle he rode was not by any means the kind modern cyclists would want to be seen riding on.But he see
18、med 47 with life.There he was,.(2012江西)47A.busyBcontentCcarefulDbored解析但这位老人怡然自得,对自己的生活非常满足。be/seem content with.表示“对满足”,是习惯搭配,符合语境,故选B项。答案B高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单【典例3】句式的搭配 .I tried picking up trash(垃圾)myself,but the job was too big.I would 24 an hour or two on the job,only to find the
19、 area trashed all over again weeks later.Finally,I got so tired of it that I decided something had to change.(2012天津)24A.killBsaveCwaitDspend解析作者花费一两个小时来捡这里的垃圾,sb spend(s)some time on sth或者sb spend(s)some time in doing sth是固定句式,表示“某人花费时间在(做)某事上”,故可快速得出答案,D项spend。答案D高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识
20、清单【知识链接】固定搭配题是完形填空中难度稍低的一类题,考生在做这类题时,如果遇到自己熟知的或已掌握的固定搭配应快速得出答案,从而为其他类题型,如辨析型、推理型等留出更为充裕的思考时间,从而提高完形填空的做题效率。一些考生都很熟悉的固定搭配,高考在设题时为了提高难度,常常把这些固定搭配变为被动形式或者拆开进行考查。做此类题目时,关键就是将固定搭配还原。牢记常见的固定搭配,尤其是其中心词,只要在文中出现中心词就先联想其所对应的常见搭配,可以很快得出答案。高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单当选项中的词可以表示相近的含义时,就要考虑从搭配的角度解题。要特别注意空
21、格所在句子的主语,空格前后出现的名词、介词、形容词、副词、不定式、双宾语等,以快速排除不能搭配的选项。有些固定搭配构成形式相近,但含义不同,为了强化记忆,可以以名词、动词或介词等为中心词进行比较。如将结构相似的短语联系起来记忆,in a minute/sense/word/hurry(立即/在某种意义上/总之/匆忙)。高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单角度4语法的综合运用高考完形填空题虽然较少涉及语法知识,但并不是不考。复合句是高考完形填空语法题的考查重点,最常涉及的语法点有定语从句、状语从句的引导词,虚拟语气中的情态动词,并列句中的连词,复合句中的时态、
22、语态等。【典例1】.Oscar convinced the manager to look in the record of advance ticket sales.Just as he thought,a name matched the seat 29 Oscar had found the umbrella.The name was Mrs.Katie OBrien.(2012浙江)高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单29A.untilBbeforeCwhichDwhere解析从上下文可知,Oscar说服了经理去查先前的售票记录,如他所料,有一个名字
23、对上了。此处考查定语从句,先行词是the seat,关系词在从句中作地点状语,所以用where,故选D项。答案D高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单【典例2】.I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s,38 children from different races and religions played and studied together in harmony.At that time my family lived a stones throw from Ismails.(2012福建
24、)38A.whyBwhichChowDwhen解析分析句子可知,非限制性定语从句 38 children from different races and religions.修饰先行词the early 1960s,所以需填表时间的关系副词when,故答案为D。答案D高考命题视角高考命题视角考场失分防范考场失分防范专题知识清单专题知识清单【知识链接】结构分析法结构分析法就是通过语法分析,迅速弄清句子的结构,把握句子的基本框架。基本步骤:首先,判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句;其次,剔除状语、定语、补语、插入语等干扰成分,让句子变得简洁,找出句子的核心成分,分清主语和谓语。1较复杂单句的处理
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