【课件】阅读专项之主旨大意题-冲刺2023高考英语重点题型微技能精讲.pptx

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1、主旨大意题 阅 读 理 解 专 项 复 习 Esther文章大意题01段落大意题02标题归纳题03类别文 章 大 意 题类别一M a i n i d e a o f a P a s s a g e文章大意题之技巧点拨主题句法策略1：根据语篇类型和文章结构语篇类型和文章结构来定位主题句语篇类型说明文 记叙文 应用文 议论文 研究报告，新闻报道，阐述新理论、新科技、社会现象等主题句通常在首段记人 记事 主题句通常在末段主题句通常在首段或末段主题句通常在首段或根据小标题来判断主题句通常在首段或末段文章大意题之学以致用 B Some parents will buy any high-tech toy

2、 if they think it will help their child,but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago,found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spa

3、tial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知)after controlling for differences in parents income,education and the amount of parent talk,Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found chil

4、dren who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not,on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,”Levine said in a statement.The

5、 parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would,and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently,and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial sk

6、ills.However,boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.27.What is the text mainly about?A.A mathematica

7、l method.B.A scientific study.C.A woman psychologist D.A teaching program发现发现过程过程方法方法结论结论发表发表文章大意题之学以致用 D According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that

8、 says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）,its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first,95 undergraduate women were individually invited

9、into a lab to ostensibly（表面上）participate in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began,each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state,the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially desig

10、ned fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit,taking more food than they normally would have.However,they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test,in one case the

11、 thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case,she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test:the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influe

12、ntial when were making decisions.If this fellow participant is going to eat more,so will I.Call it the“Ill have what shes having”effect.However,well adjust the influence.If an overweight person is having a large portion,Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin

13、 person eats a lot,Ill follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim,why cant I?12.What is the recent study mainly about?A.Food safety.B.Movie viewership.C.Consumer demand.D.Eating behavior.发现发现同义替换同义替换=food intake=food intake文章大意题之学以致用 C As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica,she found herself greete

14、d by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅)longing to say hello.These gentle,lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.Ever since her childhood,Ginni,now 71,has had a deep love for travel.Throughout her career(职业)as a professional dancer,she toure

15、d in the UK,but always longed to explore further.When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,she decided it was time to take the plunge.After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts,Ginni began to travel the world,eventually getting work teaching English in J

16、apan and Chile.And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego,the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.“I just decided I wanted to go,”she says.“I had no idea about what Id find there and I wasnt

17、nervous,I just wanted to do it.And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”In March 2008,Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers shed never met before,to begin the journey towards Antarctica.“From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises,the whole experience was amazing.Antarctica

18、left an impression on me that no other place has,”Ginni says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale;it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”The realization that this

19、is a precious land,to be respected by humans,was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.点题点题评议评议31.What is the text mainly about?A.A childhood dream.B.An unforgettable experience.C.Sailing around the world.D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.段 落 大 意 题类别二M a i n i d e a o f a P a r a g r a p h段

20、落大意题之技巧点拨策略1：把握段落结构“总总分分”式式新闻报道、说明文、议论文新闻报道、说明文、议论文“分分总总”式式“分分总总分分”式式“无主题句无主题句”式式记叙文，议论文,归纳总结类写作细节描写归纳主题进一步解释记叙文巧定巧定主题句主题句：句首；句中；句尾句首；句中；句尾抓准抓准关键词关键词：无主题句：无主题句策略2 关注信号词段落大意题之技巧点拨1.关注含有关注含有 so，therefore,thus,in short,above all,conclusion等词的句子常表示总等词的句子常表示总结或结论。结或结论。2.关注转折词，如关注转折词，如but,yet,however,alth

21、ough,in spite of,by contrast,on the contrary等，明确作者的观点归纳主旨大等，明确作者的观点归纳主旨大意。意。段落大意题之学以致用 D Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds,from the common“m”and“a”to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others?A ground-breaking,five-year

22、 study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the worlds languages.More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals,such as“f”and“v”,were more common in the languages of societies that ate softe

23、r foods.Now a team of researchers led by Damin Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐),making it hard to produce labiodentals,which are formed by touching the lo

24、wer lip to the upper teeth.Later,our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构),making it easier to produce such sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didnt have to

25、 do as much work and so didnt grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of“f”and“v”increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in

26、 the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings,but rath

27、er the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,”said Steven Moran,a member of the research team.发现发现过程过程方法方法1 1过程过程方法方法2 2专家专家评议评议34.What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A.Supporting evidence for the r

28、esearch results.B.Potential application of the research findings.C.A further explanation of the research methods.D.A reasonable doubt about the research process.段落大意题之学以致用 D The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive e

29、ffects.A study conducted in Youngstown,Ohio,for example,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another,employees were shown to be 15%more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have

30、taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.“Were thin

31、king about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano,a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables.Stranos team found that they coul

32、d create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.The light,about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by,is just a start.The technology,Strano said,could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.In the future,the team hopes to develop a version o

33、f the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime.The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off“switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US

34、.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.提出新科技提出新科技 与之前对比与之前对比评议评议前景前景用途用途引出话题关于绿色

35、植物益处的早期发现32.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.A new study of different plants.B.A big fall in crime rates.C.Employees from various workplaces.D.Benefits from green plants.段落大意题之学以致用13What is the first paragraph mainly about?ASydneys striking architecture.BThe cultural diversity of Sydney.CT

36、he key to Sydneys development.DSydneys tourist attractions in the 1960s.段落大意题之学以致用 D Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional(情感的)intelligence.Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a persons makeup that cannot be meas

37、ured by an IQ test,such as character,motivation,confidence,mental stability,optimism and“people skills.”Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities,but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence

38、as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients,while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.Being emotionally intelligent does not nece

39、ssarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasi

40、s(重视)on emotion by employers,educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing

41、popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable,we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角)from which to study how people manage their lives

42、.Emotional intelligence,with its focus on both head and heart,may serve to point us in the right direction.35.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A.Its appeal to the public.B.Expectations for future studies.C.Its practical application.D.Scientists with ne

43、w perspectives.提出现象提出现象对情商的误解对情商的误解举例诠释情商举例诠释情商的概念的概念影响影响 结果结果预言、期望预言、期望标 题 归 纳 题类别三T i t l e G e n e r a l i z a t i o n标题归纳题之技巧点拨技法技法1 1 利用四大技巧解题利用四大技巧解题(1)关键词法：反复出现的词语，多次重复的观点就是体现主旨的关键词。(2)主题句法：根据文章的主题句，确定中心词，确定标题。(3)穿珠连串法：分析文章细节，确定共同点，如同穿珠般串联细节共同点，确定标题。(4)逆向法：根据四个选项，考虑其可能的内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳标题。标题归纳题

44、之技巧点拨技法技法2 2 关注关注好标题好标题的三大特点的三大特点技法技法3 3 关注关注错误选项错误选项的三大特点的三大特点概括性：准确而简短针对性：标题外延正好与文章内容相符醒目性：能引发读者的阅读欲望概括范围窄，只包含某个细节概括范围太宽，超出文章内容含有文章中未提到或找不大的信息 B Goffins cockatoos,a kind of small parrot native to Australasia,have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.Though

45、 not known to use tools in the wild,the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.In a recent experiment,cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it.The clear front of the box had a“keyhole”in a geometric shape,and the birds were given five differently shaped“keys”to

46、choose from.Inserting the correct“key”would let out the nut.In humans,babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age,but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical(对称的)shapes.This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turne

47、d in a specific direction before it will fit is called an“allocentric frame of reference”.In the experiment,Goffins cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job,in most cases,by visual recognition alone.Where trial-and-error was used,the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests

48、.This indicates that Goffins cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space,similar to two-year-old babies.The next step,according to the researchers,is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues(线索),or also use a sense of touc

49、h in making their shape selections.标题归纳题之学以致用发现发现同义替换同义替换=shape-recognition=shape-recognition27.Which can be a suitable title for the text?A.Cockatoos:Quick Error CheckersB.Cockatoos:Independent LearnersC.Cockatoos:Clever Signal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters科学研究类文章科学研究类文章首段如下的句式是文章主旨的关键词，

50、省略号部分首段如下的句式是文章主旨的关键词，省略号部分多为文章主旨。多为文章主旨。researchers have found that.researchers have found that.according to a study.according to a study.A study shows that.A study shows that.D The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found posit