【课件】Unit+4Discovering+Useful+Structures+不定式作定语和状语人教版必修第三册.pptx

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1、Unit 4 Space ExplorationDiscovering Useful StructuresInfinitives as the attribute and the adverbial动词不定式做定语和状语Goals：1.Know the functions and meanings of the infinitives2.Able to distinguish them in a sentence.1.To live abroad is not easy.2.The question is how to get there.3.She planned to visit her

2、parents next week.4.His father encouraged him to find a new job.5.The first person to come is Mr.Brown.6.He went to France to learn French.以下不定式充当什么成分？以下不定式充当什么成分？主主语语宾语宾语表表语语定定语语宾补宾补状状语语 0101P A R TP A R T动词不定式作定语的用法1.Yuri Gagarin is the first astronaut to be sent into space in the world.1.尤里加加林有史以

3、来第一个进入太空的人。2.Tereshkova is the first female astronaut to be sent into space in the world.2.瓦莲京娜捷列什科娃（世界第一名女航天员，苏联空军少将，人类历史上进入太空的第一位女性1937-）86!3.Neil Armstrong is the first astronaut to land onto the moon in the world.尼尔奥尔登阿姆斯特朗美国宇航员、地球上第一个踏上月球的人4.Yang Liwei is the first astronaut to be sent into spa

4、ce in China.杨利利伟 中国首中国首飞太空第一人太空第一人5.Liu Yang is the first female astronaut to be sent into space in China.刘洋刘洋 中国第一位中国第一位进入太空的女航天入太空的女航天员6.Wang Yaping is the first astronaut to teach in space in China.王亚平中国首位太空老师1.Yuri Gagarin is the first astronaut to be sent into space in the world.2.Tereshkova is

5、 the first female astronaut to be sent into space in the world.3.Neil Armstrong is the first astronaut to land onto the moon in the world.4.Yang Liwei is the first astronaut to be sent into space in China.5.Liu Yang is the first female astronaut to be sent into space in China.6.Wang Yaping is the fi

6、rst astronaut to teach in space in China.1.Whats the similarity of these sentences?2.Whats the function of these infinitives?翻翻译：1.尤里加加林是世界上第一位被送入太空的世界上第一位被送入太空的宇航员。2.捷列什科娃是世界上第一位被送入太空的世界上第一位被送入太空的女宇航员。3.尼尔阿姆斯特朗是世界上第一位登上月球的世界上第一位登上月球的宇航员。4.杨利伟是中国首位被送入太空的中国首位被送入太空的宇航员。5.刘洋是中国首位被送入太空的中国首位被送入太空的女宇航员。6.

7、王亚平是中国第一位在太空任教的中国第一位在太空任教的宇航员。Summary1.The infinitives are used as 。to modify（修饰修饰）placed in front of it.2.土办法土办法：翻译翻译！中文中文.的的.the attribitie(定定语语)the nouns找出下列句子中的不定式并指出其在句中的作用：找出下列句子中的不定式并指出其在句中的作用：1.Looking up at the stars,people have always wanted to learn more about space,and scientists work ha

8、rd to find answers.2.They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.3.Americas NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to study deep space.4.Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk,followed by

9、 the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.5.More recently,China has sent Change 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.宾语宾语目的状目的状语语 目的状目的状语语 目的状目的状语语 目的状目的状语语 目的状目的状语语 0202P A R TP A R T动词不定式作状语的用法1.作状作状语表示表示目的：目的：常用常用结构有

10、构有in order to 和和 so as to，但但so as to不可位于句首不可位于句首。为了了学好英学好英语，必，必须下苦功夫。下苦功夫。To learn English well,you must make painstaking efforts.她一路快速奔跑她一路快速奔跑为了了赶上最后一班公共汽赶上最后一班公共汽车。She ran fast all the way so as to catch the last bus.为了了通通过考考试，简努力学努力学习到午夜。到午夜。In order to pass the exam,Jane worked hard till midnig

11、ht.Jack has made great progress,（make）his parents very happy.杰克取得了巨大的杰克取得了巨大的进步，步，这让他的父母很高他的父母很高兴。Yesterday I went to see her （learn）that she had gone abroud a week before.昨天我去看她，不料听人昨天我去看她，不料听人说她一周前出国了。她一周前出国了。but onlytolearnonlytolearnmakingmaking2.作状语表示结果果：“令人意想不到”的结果，其中“使人不愉快的结果”较为常见。有时前面加上onlyo

12、nly或或butonlybutonly to do，以加强语气。特别提醒表示自然而然的结果，or有直接的因果关系：现在分词短语 ving(2)动词不定式作结果状语时，常用于一些特定的结构中：too.todo.太而不能做so/such.astodo.如此以至于做enough.to.足以做.Youre just too good to be true 你是那么美好而不像是真的Cant take my eyes off you 难以将我的目光从你身上转移动词不定式常跟在一些形容词之后说明产生某种情生某种情绪的原的原因。因。常见的形容词有happy,lucky,surprised,sorry,glad

13、,delighted,anxious,interested,woried等。学生们非常渴望知道考试结果。The students are eager to know their test results.作为中国青年我们感到自豪。We are proud to be young people of Chinathe infinitive can be used as 。to indicate purpose/result/reason.不定式作状不定式作状语可以表示目的、可以表示目的、结果、原因。果、原因。Summarythe adverbialthe infinitive不定式不定式除了除了

14、谓语，其他句子成分都能充当，其他句子成分都能充当定定语 状状语修修饰饰名名词词土土办办法：翻法：翻译译！中文中文.的的.目的目的结果果原因原因为了了.“令人意想不到”的结果 to do 自然而然的结果vingtoo.todoso/such.astodoenough.to.情情绪adjSummary1 Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives.In pairs,discuss their functions and meanings.Find more examples from the uni

15、t.1 I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.2 As we all know,an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.3 First of all,you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.4 Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to

16、 explore space.5 On 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.P.42目的状目的状语语目的状目的状语语结结果状果状语语定定 语定定 语2 Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or“in order to/so as to+do”.Change the italicised parts accordingly.3.Mankind has always been curious about the universe

17、and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space.4.Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity,so they need to exercise every day,which will help them stay healthy.Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dre

18、am to fly into space one day.they need to exercise every day to/in order to/so as to stay healthy.5.Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.6.During a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their

19、 bodies under control.Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space to/in order to/so as to keep everything from floating off.During a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly to/in order to/so as to keep theirbodies under control.3 Complete the passage with the correct

20、 forms of the verbs in brackets.Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _(achieve).One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time.For example,_(use)current technology,it would take over two years _(get)to the closest planet,Mars,and back.

21、Although light is the fastest thing(know)in the universe,it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system.Will scientists figure out a way _(store)sufficient food and water for the long journey?Is it possible to travel faster than light?No one knows the answers yet.However,space s

22、cientists never give up.They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _(help)astronauts get enough foodon longer journeys through space.to achieveto getto storeto helpusing1.不定式作定语时一般放在哪里？2.作定语的不定式和名词有什么关系呢？3.什么时候会用不定式作定语？1.Where is the infinitive used as attributive?2.What does the infin

23、itive have to do with the noun?3.When do you use infinitive as attributive?位置关系*不定式作定语的位置和关系1.We must find a person to do the work.2.There are lots of interesting things to see.3.The medical teams got the order not to leave Wuhan whenthe epidemic was contained.主谓关系sb do动宾关系do sth同位关系通常放在名词、代词或不定代词后面

24、作后置定语。与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系用法不定式作定语的4种情况：1.当名词被序数词、最高级或 the only,the next,the last,the right修饰时，用不定式主动形式作定语。She is the first graduate to be admitted in the big company.Do you know which is the best route to take?She found the right person to marry.Exercise:1.He is the only person(know)the truth.2.

25、LQZ was the first woman(hire)as a residential physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.to knowto be hired2.与抽象名词连用如：wish,decision,chance,promise,plan,time,attempt,effort,ability,eagerness(等表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）改错：A good teacher must have the ability making himself understood.He made

26、 an attempt getting an offer in the big companv.In the past,women had no chance go to school.You must keep the promise pay on time.to make to getto go to pay3、修饰不定代词当修饰的词为something,nothing,anything等不定代词时，1.Do you have anything to say?2.There is nothing to worry about.3.Would you like something to drink?四、表将来未做的动作1.The letter to be written is for my mom.2.The matter to be discussed next meeting is of significance.1.当名词被序数词、最高级或 限定词（the only,the next,the last）修饰2.与抽象名词连用 chance,promise,plan,time,attempt.3.修饰不定代词 something,nothing,anything4.表将来还没发生的动作