中考英语阅读理解之细节理解解题详解课件.pptx

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1、中考英语阅读中考英语阅读理解之理解之细节细节理解解题详解理解解题详解阅读技能(一)对事实性信息的理解能力课标要求课标要求3文化意识学习能力思维品质阅读对于提升中小学生的英语语言能力、发展他们的思维品质、塑造良好的文化品格、促进他们学习能力的全面发展都具有举足轻重的作用。英语阅读过程中对语篇信息组织方式的梳理以及对观点的鉴别有助于学生逻辑思维和批判性思维能力的培养，促使学生以多元思维方式认知世界。英语读物中包含的大量不同国家的文化要素以及背后的审美情趣和价值观念，可以帮助学生构建多元文化视野，形成正向的价值观和性格品格。语言能力语言技能(读)三级四级五级(9年级要求)1.能正确地朗读课文。2.能

2、理解并执行有关学习活动的简短书面指令。3.能读懂简单的故事和短文并抓住大意。4.能初步使用简单的工具书。5.课外阅读量应累计达到4万词以上。1.能连贯、流畅地朗读课文。2.能理解简易读物中的事件发生顺序和人物行为。3.能从简单的文章中找出有关信息，理解大意。4.能根据上下文猜测生词的意思。5.能理解并解释图表提供的信息。6.能读量简单的个人信件、说明文等应用文体材料。7.能使用英汉词典等工具书帮助阅读理解。8.课外阅读量应累计达到10万词以上。1.能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义。2.能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。3.能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结

3、局。4.能读懂相应水平的常见体裁的读物。5.能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。6.能利用词典等工具书进行阅读。7.课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。语言能力是学生核心素养的基础要素，阅读过程中学生在语境中获得对音、形、义之间关联的认知以及词汇、语义、语法等多方面的语言输入。题型概况题型概况阅读理解是中学英语课程教学的重要目标和内容，英语阅读能力反映学生应用英语词汇、语法及语篇等语言知识的综合能力。根据六要素整合的英语学习活动观，学生应围绕某一具体的主题语境，基于不同类型的语篇，通过阅读技能获取、梳理、整合语言知识和文化知识，深化语言的理解，重视对语篇的赏析，比较和探究文化内涵，运

4、用各种学习策略，提高理解的效果。从测试角度来看，阅读测试通常考查的技能主要包括：根据上下文推测词义的能力 词句猜测题通过上下文确定含义、确定代词或其他词语间的指代关系 对事实性信息的理解能力 细节理解题利用文段所给信息回答问题、通过归纳信息回答问题。概括主旨大意的能力 主旨大意题在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价 推理判断的能力 推理判断题推断与得出结论、识别作者没有明确表达的内容或是作者暗示的内容题型概述 When/Where/Why/Who/How/What?Which of the following is mentioned/not mentioned in the p

5、assage？Which of the following best describes？How many/much/long?Which of the following is true/not true？Choose the right order of the events given in the passage？细节理解题在阅读理解中所占比例较大，主要针对文章中的事实和细节进行提问，如用when，where，why，who，which，what以及how进行提问，目的在于考查学生对文章中心思想的支撑事实和细节的理解能力。其考核维度及主要设问方式包括如下几点：题型概况题型概况20192

6、020202101020304050607057585581010212322148110.25110.2501近三年部分地区中考题型占比细节理解词句猜测推理判断主旨大意篇章结构排序 表格汇总了13个省考区域（安徽；河北；河南；重庆；广东；北京；上海；天津；福建；山西；陕西；河南；江西）以及部分市考区域（济南；青岛；南京；南通；杭州；宁波；成都；绵阳；长沙；岳阳；武汉；孝感）近三年选择性阅读理解试题占比情况。通过表格我们可以看出，细节理解题的占比是最高的，近三年占比分别为57%；58%以及55%，是阅读理解考核的主要试题类型。直接理解语意转化数字计算正误判断细节排序答题四部曲答题四部曲Step

7、1 读Step2 划Step3 定Step4 比 阅读并理解题干；在题干中找到并划出关键词；以关键词为线索，运用略读以及阅查的技巧在文章中定位细节；仔细比对所给的选项与文中细节；在准确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案并作出选择。Step5 选注意：细节理解题均是以原文为基础进行设题的，因此在作答时切记脱离文章，凭主观印象进行作答。因为有时有些选项符合常识，但不是文章内容，也是不可选择的。真题解析If you walk through a park in the morning or in the evening,you might see a lot of people doing these

8、slow and beautiful movements Carry the tiger over the mountain and White crane spreads its wings.In fact,they are doing Taichi.Taichi is an ancient martial art(武术).It is a common kind of exercise in China.More than 100 million people in over 150 countries practice Taichi at present.Recently UNESCO(联

9、合国教科文组织)has added Taichi to its Intangible Cultural Heritage List(非物质文化遗产名录).中考题解析考点一：直接理解例1（2021 江苏宿迁，C）38.Which of the following words can best describe the movements of Taichi?A.Slow and beautiful.B.Slow and exciting.C.Fast and free.D.Strong and tiring.直接理解通常可以在文中直接找到明确的信息，通常只考查文中的个别事实，涉及原文中一两句话的

10、信息。If you walk through a park in the morning or in the evening,you might see a lot of people doing these slow and beautiful movements Carry the tiger over the mountain and White crane spreads its wings.In fact,they are doing Taichi.Taichi is an ancient martial art(武术).It is a common kind of exercise

11、 in China.More than 100 million people in over 150 countries practice Taichi at present.Recently UNESCO(联合国教科文组织)has added Taichi to its Intangible Cultural Heritage List(非物质文化遗产名录).中考题解析例1（2021 江苏宿迁，C）38.Which of the following words can best describe the movements of Taichi?A.Slow and beautiful.B.S

12、low and exciting.C.Fast and free.D.Strong and tiring.Step3比对选项：A.Slow and beautiful 缓慢而优美，故答案选A。Step1寻找关键词：Slow and beautifulStep2定位原文：在原文中定位原词Slow and beautiful，确定关键句为第一段的第一句的后半部分：“you might see a lot of people doing these slow and beautiful movements。Sometimes,their success was a surprise,even to

13、themselves.The famous scientist Alexander Fleming said,“When I woke up just after daybreak on 28th September,1928,I certainly didnt plan to revolutionize(变革)all medicine by discovering the worlds first antibiotic(抗生素).But I guess that was exactly what I did.”中考题解析考点二：语意转化例2（2021 湖北武汉，C）44.When Alexa

14、nder Fleming discovered the first antibiotic,he _.A.felt too tired to stay awakeB.didnt plan to study all medicineC.knew exactly what his success meantD.didnt fully realize its importance语意转化通常无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，需要在理解的基础上，对原文信息进行加工或整理后得出答案。Sometimes,their success was a surprise,even to themselves.The fa

15、mous scientist Alexander Fleming said,“When I woke up just after daybreak on 28th September,1928,I certainly didnt plan to revolutionize(变革)all medicine by discovering the worlds first antibiotic(抗生素).But I guess that was exactly what I did.”中考题解析例2（2021 湖北武汉，C）44.When Alexander Fleming discovered t

16、he first antibiotic,he _.A.felt too tired to stay awakeB.didnt plan to study all medicineC.knew exactly what his success meantD.didnt fully realize its importanceStep1找关键词：discovered Step2定位到原文：由关键词discovered定位文中的“I certainly didnt plan to revolutionize all medicine by discovering the worlds first a

17、ntibiotic”为关键句可知，Alexander Fleming 没有认识到他发现的世界上第一种抗生素重要到可以给所有医药带来变革，即没有意识到抗生素的重要性。Step3比对选项：D.没有意识到它的重要性。故答案选择D。中考题解析考点三：数字计算例3（2021 山东济南，B）Apartment to rent,16 Baddesley Road,Little Haddern VillageWe have a comfortable three-bedroom apartment to rent（出租）.The apartment is in very good condition!one

18、large living roomthree bedroomsbig kitchensmall garage（车库）Do you like the quiet life?The apartment is for you!Large garden.Beautiful views of the fields and woods.Only fifteen minutes by train to the city center.Animals and children are welcome!Only$600 a month(in advance,please).Interested?Please t

19、elephone:63.You should pay _if you want to rent the apartment for half a year.A.1,800B.2,400C.3,600D.7,200数字计算题要求考生在原文中找到相关的数字信息，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。中考题解析例3（2021 山东济南，B）Apartment to rent,16 Baddesley Road,Little Haddern VillageWe have a comfortable three-bedroom apartment to re

20、nt（出租）.The apartment is in very good condition!one large living roomthree bedroomsbig kitchensmall garage（车库）Do you like the quiet life?The apartment is for you!Large garden.Beautiful views of the fields and woods.Only fifteen minutes by train to the city center.Animals and children are welcome!Only

21、$600 a month(in advance,please).Interested?Please telephone:63.You should pay _if you want to rent the apartment for half a year.A.1,800B.2,400C.3,600D.7,200Step3比对选项：C.3,600 3600美元，故答案选择C。Step1找关键词：Step2定位到原文：定位到原文：利用原文数据和题干数据关系确定答案。根据“Only 600 a month(in advance,please).”，每月只需600美元（请预付）。所以如果你想租半年的

22、话，你得付6600=3600美元。中考题解析考点四：正误判断 A girl was working as a nurse in a private hospital.One day,a patient with serious disease was brought to the hospital，but had to be transferred(转移)to another hospital al once for an operation(手术).However,the director of the hospital said the patient couldnt be transfe

23、rred unless he paid his bill first.The patients family was very poor.They had no choice but to ask if they could pay the bill after the operation because the patient was close to death.But their request was refused.The nurse,who had just arrived to work，heard about the situation and made a decision.

24、She took off her gold ring,took it to the cashiers desk(收银台)and said she would use it to pay for the patients bill.Although the ring was the only piece of valuable gift her parents gave her,the nurse gave it away to save the patient.Thanks to her help,the patient was at once transferred to another h

25、ospital and his life was saved.Though the patient was a stranger,the nurse gave so much to him.The nurses action caught the attention of the doctor on duty that day.The doctor saw everything in the hospital and he was deeply moved by the nurse.He later fell in love with the nurse and they finally go

26、t married.The patient attended their wedding(婚礼)as well and returned the ring.Things like this happen every day in our life.Sometimes,giving can bring you something that you have never expected before.As Mother Teresa once said,In our life,it is not how much you do,but how much love you put into wha

27、t you do.例4（2020 湖北黄冈，A）28.Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?A.The director refused the request from the patients family.B.The patient was saved in the end with the nurses help.C.The director married the girl because of her action.D.Sometimes,giving can bring som

28、ething unexpected to you.基于对原文信息的正确理解，再对选项中的信息进行正误的判断，确定答案。中考题解析 A girl was working as a nurse in a private hospital.One day,a patient with serious disease was brought to the hospital,but had to be transferred(转移)to another hospital al once for an operation(手术).However,the director of the hospital s

29、aid the patient couldnt be transferred unless he paid his bill first.The patients family was very poor.They had no choice but to ask if they could pay the bill after the operation because the patient was close to death.But their request was refused.The nurse,who had just arrived to work,heard about

30、the situation and made a decision.She took off her gold ring,took it to the cashiers desk(收银台)and said she would use it to pay for the patients bill.Although the ring was the only piece of valuable gift her parents gave her,the nurse gave it away to save the patient.Thanks to her help,the patient wa

31、s at once transferred to another hospital and his life was saved.Though the patient was a stranger,the nurse gave so much to him.The nurses action caught the attention of the doctor on duty that day.The doctor saw everything in the hospital and he was deeply moved by the nurse.He later fell in love

32、with the nurse and they finally got married.The patient attended their wedding(婚礼)as well and returned the ring.Things like this happen every day in our life.Sometimes,giving can bring you something that you have never expected before.As Mother Teresa once said,In our life,it is not how much you do,

33、but how much love you put into what you do.例3（2020 湖北黄冈，A）28.Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?A.The director refused the request from the patients family.B.The patient was saved in the end with the nurses help.C.The director married the girl because of her actio

34、n.D.Sometimes,giving can bring something unexpected to you.Step1分析选项：标出选项重要信息词。Step2定位到原文A选项对应第一段最后一句“But their request was refused.”B选项对应第二段倒数第二句“hospital and his life was saved”C选项对应第三段倒数第二句“He later fell in love with the nurse and they finally got married.”D选项对应第四段第二句话“Sometimes,giving can bring

35、you something that you have never expected before.”Step3逐一对照根据The doctor saw everything in the hospital and he was deeply moved by the nurse.He later fell in love with the nurse and they finally got married”护士和值班的医生结婚了，可知C选项“The director married the girl”表述错误，故答案选择C。“Spring is coming,”he said to Mar

36、y.“I can smell it in the air.Soon there will be spring flowers.At this moment,the robin flew toward them and landed at Marys feet.“He remembers me,”she said.“He knows everything that happens here,”Ben said.“Only he knows whats happening in the garden that has no door into it.No one else has been ins

37、ide it for ten years.”Ben walked away to continue his work.Mary bent down and began talking to the robin.She felt happier than she had ever felt.The robin trusted her and did not fly away.It began pecking at the ground,looking for a worm to eat.Mary looked closely at the ground.She saw something tha

38、t looked like metal.She picked it up.It was dirty and rusty.She cleaned it and saw that it was a key.“Its been in the ground for many years,”she thought.“I wonder if it is the key to the garden.If it is,then I must find the door.”Mary skipped around the garden.The robin followed her.Mary stopped ski

39、pping and spoke to the robin.“He showed me where to find the key,”she thought.“Can you show me where the door is?”The robin sat on the top of the garden wall.It began to sing.The wall was covered with ivy.Mary pulled at a piece of the ivy.It came away from the wall.Behind the wall was a door.Mary pu

40、t the key in the lock of the door and turned it.The door opened.Only seconds later,Mary was inside the secret garden.中考题解析考点五：细节排序例5（2021 江苏连云港，C）38.Which is the right order for the robin?a.It followed Mary around the garden.b.It sat and sang on the top of the garden wall.c.It pecked at the ground a

41、nd looked for a worm.d.It flew toward Ben and Mary and landed at Marys feet.A.b-c-d-aB.b-a-d-cC.d-c-a-bD.d-a-b-c在选项中列举一些从文中选出的事实细节，要求考生根据时间地点动作发生的先后顺序或句子间的逻辑关系进行正确的排序。38.Which is the right order for the robin?a.It followed Mary around the garden.b.It sat and sang on the top of the garden wall.c.It p

42、ecked at the ground and looked for a worm.d.It flew toward Ben and Mary and landed at Marys feet.A.b-c-d-aB.b-a-d-cC.d-c-a-bD.d-a-b-c中考题解析例5（2021 江苏连云港，C）“Spring is coming,”he said to Mary.“I can smell it in the air.Soon there will be spring flowers.At this moment,the robin flew toward them and land

43、ed at Marys feet.“He remembers me,”she said.“He knows everything that happens here,”Ben said.“Only he knows whats happening in the garden that has no door into it.No one else has been inside it for ten years.”Ben walked away to continue his work.Mary bent down and began talking to the robin.She felt

44、 happier than she had ever felt.The robin trusted her and did not fly away.It began pecking at the ground,looking for a worm to eat.Mary looked closely at the ground.She saw something that looked like metal.She picked it up.It was dirty and rusty.She cleaned it and saw that it was a key.“Its been in

45、 the ground for many years,”she thought.“I wonder if it is the key to the garden.If it is,then I must find the door.”Mary skipped around the garden.The robin followed her.Mary stopped skipping and spoke to the robin.“He showed me where to find the key,”she thought.“Can you show me where the door is?

46、”The robin sat on the top of the garden wall.It began to sing.The wall was covered with ivy.Mary pulled at a piece of the ivy.It came away from the wall.Behind the wall was a door.Mary put the key in the lock of the door and turned it.The door opened.Only seconds later,Mary was inside the secret gar

47、den.Step1分析选项：标出选项重要信息词。Step2定位到原文Step3逐一对照根据“At this moment,the robin flew toward them and landed at Marys feet.”，“It began pecking at the ground,looking for a worm to eat.”，“Mary skipped around the garden.The robin followed her.”和“The robin sat on the top of the garden wall.It began to sing.”可知，顺序

48、是d-c-a-b，故选C。举一反三When the days grew long in the middle of summer,Lisa liked to go to the park and watch the clouds.One day,Lisa saw a cloud that looked like a standing dragon.After a few minutes it became a flying dragon.Then it seemed to change direction.Another cloud moved in to mix with it,and th

49、e dragon changed into a dancing elephant.Then it became a sitting dog then a barking（吠、叫）dog,and then a tiger.“This is better than TV!”Lisa shouted.Mr.Thomas,the music teacher at Lisas school,was flying a kite with his son in the park.He heard Lisas voice.He gave the kite string（线）to his son and cam

50、e to Lisa.“Hi,Mr.Thomas!”Lisa said.“Look at those clouds.They keep changing!First they looked like a dragon,then an elephant,then a dog,and now a tiger!”Mr.Thomas looked up.“A tiger?”he said.“That looks like a horse to me.Its running towards the sun,Thats so lively.”Lisa looked again.He was right!“H