高中英语新人教版选择性必修二 unit1词汇用法重点句型（背诵清单+教材词块）.doc

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1、高中英语选必二unit1词汇用法重点句型一、背诵清单1.severeadj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的(serious)；严厉的；严格的(strict)；艰难的；严峻的severelyadv.严重地；严格地，严厉地eg.As far as I am concerned，you are to blame for theseveremistake.在我看来，你应该为这个严重的错误负责。She was aseverewoman who seldom smiled.她是个严肃的女人，脸上很少出现笑容。2.frustratedadj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的frustratingadj.令人沮丧的frustr

2、atevt.使沮丧；使懊恼frustrationn.沮丧；懊恼；挫折【联想】各种情绪：depressedadj.沮丧的downadj.不高兴的，情绪低落的delightedadj.欣喜的boredadj.厌烦的disappointedadj.失望的blueadj.忧郁的，沮丧的3.subscribevi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)；定期捐款eg.All of ussubscribe tothe view that a good parent-children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect.我们所

3、有人都赞成这个观点：好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重的。It was the outstanding astronomer who alwayssubscribed toour school，to which we were sincerely grateful.是那位杰出天文学家一直给我们学校定期捐款，我们非常感谢他。Using the money I earned in the holiday，I havesubscribed toseveral magazines recently.最近，我用在假期期间挣来的钱订阅了几本杂志。4.suspectvt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑

4、人；可疑对象suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做了)某事suspect sb to be.怀疑某人是suspect that.怀疑，猜想eg.(2020新高考卷读后续写)Initially，Bernardsuspectedthat he couldnt sell his popcorn as planned.(怀疑心理描写)起初，伯纳德怀疑他不能像计划的那样卖爆米花。【近义】doubt, guess5.blamevt.把归咎于；责怪；指责(scold)n.责备；指责blame sb for (doing) sth责备某人(做了)某事blame sth on sb把某事

5、归咎于某人be to blame (for)应(为)承担责任；该(为)受责备put/lay the blame on归咎于eg.So instead ofblamingothers，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place.(建议信)因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。【点拨】在be to blame (for)短语中，不定式用主动语态表示被动含义。6.linkn.联系；纽带vt.把连接起来；相关联There is a link between.and.与之间有联系link.to.将和联系或连接起来b

6、e linked to与有联系/有关eg.Health problemsarecloselylinked tobad eating habits and a lack of exercise.健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。7.decreasen.减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低decrease to.减少到decrease by.减少了decrease from.to.从减少到on the decrease正在减少on the increase正在增加eg.Because of human activities, the number of so

7、me rare animals isdecreasing/on the decrease.由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数量在减少。【近义】lessen, decline【反义】increase, rise8.thanks to幸亏；由于【联想】“由于”形式多多：owing todue tobecause ofas a result ofon account ofin consequence of9.transformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变transform.into.使变成transform into转化成；改造为be transformed from.into.由变成tra

8、nsformationn.变化，转变；改观eg.There is no doubt that success and wealth hastransformedhis character.(人物描写)毫无疑问，成功和财富改变了他的性格。10.pourvt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)pour in/into倒入，涌进pour out倒出，涌出pour down倾盆而下eg.The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of peoplepour inevery year.(景点介绍)长城是个如此著名的旅游景点

9、，每年都有数以百万计的游客蜂拥而至。11.break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发【联想】“动词out”短语荟萃：block out挡住(光线)give out分发；公布；耗尽let out泄露；发出(声音)look/watch out当心；提防put out扑灭die out灭绝set out出发；启程；开始(做某事)break out爆发；突发12.defendvt.保卫(protect)；防守；辩解defend.against/from (doing.)保护免受defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护defencen.防御；保卫；辩护in defence (of)

10、保护；为了保卫；(为)辩护in ones defence为某人辩护eg.Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed todefendhis son like an arrow.(动作描写)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。13.astronomern.天文学家【联想】“太空”有关词语荟萃：astronomyn.天文学astronautn.宇航员gravityn.重力；地球引力satelliten.卫星orbitn.轨道spaceshipn.宇宙飞船universen.宇宙launchvt.发射rocketn.火箭14.giftedadj.有天赋的(talent

11、ed)；有天才的；天资聪慧的be gifted in/at.在方面有天赋gift/talentn.天赋have a gift/talent for.有天赋eg.Brianis gifted inwriting music, and he is very likely to be a Beethoven.(人物介绍)布莱恩在创作音乐方面很有天赋，他很有可能成为贝多芬那样的音乐家。15.abstractadj.抽象的；理性的n.(文献等的)摘要【联想】常见反义形容词：abstract 抽象的concrete 具体的positive 积极的negative 消极的optimistic 乐观的pess

12、imistic 悲观的permanent 永久的temporary 暂时的fragile 易碎的solid 坚固的fixed 固定的flexible 灵活的16.besidesprep.除之外(还)adv.而且；此外【同义】(而且；再者)furthermore, whats more, in addition, moreover, additionally17.brilliantadj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的【联想】“愚蠢与聪明”的形容词：foolish傻的stupid愚蠢的silly傻的clever聪明的smart聪明的bright明亮的；聪明的wise明智的；聪明的intelligent智

13、能的；聪明的sharp聪明的，敏锐的18.above all最重要的是；尤其是after all毕竟；终究first of all首先；第一all in all整体说来；总而言之in all全部；合计at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟eg.If you want to achieve success，above all,you must be strict with yourself.(劝说信)如果你想取得成功，首先你必须严格要求自己。19.faultn.弱点；过错find fault with.挑剔faultyadj.不完美的；有错误的；有缺陷的eg.He likes t

14、ofind fault withother people, which makes them very unhappy.(人物描写)他喜欢找别人的茬，这使他们很不高兴。二、教材词块1.once and for all最终地；彻底地e down with a disease患病3.die from the disease死于疾病4.in general总的来说；从总体上看5.in the early 19th century十九世纪初6.through Snows tireless efforts通过斯诺的不懈努力7.overcome some difficulties克服困难8.receive

15、 a heros welcome受到英雄般的欢迎9.take on the challenge接受挑战10.in the area of frontier science research在前沿科学研究领域11.be more likely to get cholera更有可能得霍乱12.the origin of the universe宇宙起源13.during the question and answer period在问答环节14.have a greater impact on Chinas aerospace science对中国航天科学有更大的影响15.switch his m

16、ajor to aviation转学航空专业16.become a pioneer in.成为的先驱17.under Qians leadership在钱的领导下18.launch its first man-made satellite发射第一颗人造卫星19.an outstanding and creative scientist一位杰出而有创造力的科学家20.have a vivid imagination有丰富的想象力21.be polluted by raw waste被未经处理的废物污染教材佳句1.It seemed thatthe woman liked the water fr

17、om the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(It seems that.看起来似乎)看来这位妇女非常喜欢从这个泵中抽取的水，以至于每天都让人把它送到家中。2.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak wassoseverethatmore than 500 people died in ten days.(so.that.如此以至于)他发现尤其在两条街道上的霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。3.Pe

18、rhapsnoother scientist has had agreaterimpact on Chinas aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.(否定副词与比较级连用表示最高级)也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。4.Born in Hangzhou in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.(人物描写)钱学森1911年出生

19、于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。1.Accordingly, hehad the handle of the pump removedso that it could not be used.相应地，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。句型公式|have宾语宾补(1)have sth done使某事被做；请人做某事；某人遭遇到某事have sb do sth让某人做某事have sb/sth doing sth让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态(2)couldnt/cant/wont have sb doing sth不能容忍某人做某事(3)have st

20、h to do有事要做(2020全国卷书面表达)We began to help pick peaches and thenhad them deliveredto the farmers houses.(活动介绍)我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。Iwont have you speakingto your mother in such a rude manner.我不允许你以这样粗鲁的方式和你母亲说话。My motherhave me clean upmy bed-room every day.我妈妈每天都让我打扫我的卧室。2.Cholera used to be one o

21、f the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。句型公式|until引导时间状语从句(1)until引导时间状语从句：常用于not.until.句型。(2)倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until从句/表时间的词谓语助动词主语谓语动词”。(3)强调结构：It is/was not until从句/表时间的词that主句部分。(2020全国卷书面表达)Idi

22、dnt realizehow important working with my own hands wasuntilI took part in the picking activity.(活动介绍)It wasnt untilI took part in the picking activitythatI realized how important working with my own hands was.(强调句型)Not untilI took part in the picking activitydid I realizehow important working with my own hands was.(倒装句)直到我参加了采摘活动，我才意识到自己动手劳动的重要性。5