第4讲 基本句型 课件-初高中英语衔接.pptx

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1、初初高高中中衔衔接接英语八、状语状语状语:修饰v.,adj.,adv.,介词短语，从句或全句的成分是状语。它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度。修饰adj.的状语常放adj.之前，修饰v.的状语常放v.之后。但有些表频率的adv.(如often,always,usually等)作状语时，则放行为动词之前。1.Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）2.He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）3.He is proud to have passed the national college entranc

2、e examination.（不定式短语）4.He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）5.Wait a minute.（名词）6.Once you begin,you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：状语种类如下：1)How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）2)Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）3)I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）4)Mr

3、.Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）5)She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）6)She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）7)In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.（目的状语）8)He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）9)She works very hard though she is

4、 old.（让步状语）10)I am taller than he is.（比较状语）练一练1)He knows how to teach English properly.2)My parents often tell us about their life in the past.3)We have been best friends since primary school.4)He will leave for Shanghai the day after tomorrow.5)He came here to see his parents.6)Seen from the top of

5、 the hill,the city looks beautiful.7)He heard some noises when he was reading.找出下列句子的状语：找出下列句子的状语：1)He knows how to teach English properly.2)My parents often tell us about their life in the past.3)We have been best friends since primary school.4)He will leave for Shanghai the day after tomorrow.5)He

6、 came here to see his parents.6)Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks beautiful.7)He heard some noises when he was reading.综合练习P104句子成分综合练习句子成分综合练习指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.W

7、hat a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8.There is going to be an American film tonight.9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10.His wish is to become a scientist.主语主语 定语定语宾语宾语谓

8、语谓语 状语状语 定语定语状语状语定语定语 表语表语宾语宾语谓语谓语 主语主语 谓语谓语主语主语 表语表语11.He managed to finish the work in time.12.Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He found it important to master English.14.Do you have anything else to say?15.To be honest,your pronunciation is not so good.16.Would you please tell me your address?17.

9、He sat there,reading a newspaper.18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19.He noticed a man enter the room.20.The apples tasted sweet.谓语谓语 宾语宾语 状语状语形式宾语形式宾语 真正宾语真正宾语宾语宾语 定语定语状语状语宾语宾语(间接宾语和直接宾语间接宾语和直接宾语)状语状语 状语状语形式主语形式主语 表语表语 宾补宾补宾补宾补表语表语 On our way to the house,it was raining 1 hard

10、that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take 2 (get)there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a group 3 dogs,seven to be exact.to be exact.They were well trained by their masters 4 had great experience with caring for these animals.Our hosts shared m

11、any of their experiences and 5 (recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.For breakfast,we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _6_(compete)to watch,together

12、 with the story behind it.They also shared with us many _7_(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were 8 (huge)popular with tourists.On the last day of our week-long stay,we 9 _ (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,10 _ (listen)to musicians and mee

13、ting interesting locals.soto getofwhorecommendedcompetitiontraditionalhugelywere invitedlistening第第4节节句子一、句子的种类句子分类句子分类按句子功能分类：句句子子陈述句陈述句 declarative sentence疑问句疑问句 interrogative sentence感叹句感叹句 exclamatory sentence祈使句祈使句 imperative sentence一、句子种类句子种类(两种分类法两种分类法)1.句子按其用途可分为四类1）_句（肯定、否定），用以陈述事实。I dont

14、 care what she thinks.She didnt hear of you before.2)_句（一般、特殊、选择、反意），用以提出问题。Your friend is a doctor,isnt he?/When do we meet again?/Do they like skating?/Which do you prefer,tea or coffee?3)_句，用以表示命令，请求等。Have a good sleep and think it over./Be careful,boys.Everybody stand up!/Somebody lend me a pen!

15、4）_句，用以表示各种强烈的感情。What a coincidence to meet in San Francisco!How clever the boy is!How _ _ he is!What _ _ _ he is!陈述陈述疑问疑问祈使祈使感叹感叹clever(a boy)a clever boy用what 和how 填空：1._ good boys they are!2._ good the boy is!3._ well he plays the guitar!4._ good a boy he is!WhatHowHowHow按句子的结构可分三种：按句子的结构可分三种：1）简

16、单句简单句简单句简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2)并列句并列句并列句并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or,not onlybut also,neithernor,等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.You help him and he helps you.The f

17、uture is bright;_the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。Hurry up,youll miss the train.Hurry up,youll catch the train.I was doing my homework _the light went out.I was doing my homework _ he was watching TV.It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.He not only gave us a lot of advice,but also

18、helped us to study English.butorandwhenwhile3）复合句）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.(状语从句)This is the book which I am looking for.(定语从句)What you said is correct.(主语从句)I dont know when she

19、 will come back.(宾语从句)The news that our team had won excited us.(同位语从句)His suggestion is that we should stay calm.(表语从句)练一练P107句子综合练习（一）判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?4

20、.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very important,

21、isnt it?9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.简单句简单句复合句复合句简单句简单句简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句并列句并列句复合句复合句简单句简单句简单句简单句二、简单句的五种基本句型Five Sentence Structures21动动词词 v.系动词系动词Linking word不及物动词不及物动词 Vi.及物动词及物动词 Vt.主主+系系+表表主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾主主+谓谓主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补主主+谓谓+宾宾1

22、.Our teacher of English is an American.（作表语）2.Is it yours?（作表语）3.The weather has turned cold.（作表语）4.The speech is exciting.（作表语）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（作表语）6.His job is to teach English.（作表语）7.His hobbyis playing football.（作表语）8.The machine must be out of order.（作表语）9.Time is up.The class

23、 is over.（作表语）10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（作表语）名词名词代词代词形容词形容词形容词形容词数词数词动词不定式动词不定式现在分词现在分词介宾短语介宾短语副词副词从句从句二二二二、简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型1 1、主语、主语、主语、主语+系动词系动词系动词系动词+表语：表语：表语：表语：He well.他面色好。It _ nice.这个听起来不错。I good.我感觉好。Silk smooth.丝绸摸起来很光滑。The egg _ bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。The di

24、sh _ delicious.这道菜吃起来很美味。He has _ a writer.他已经成为一名作家。The problem _ unsolved.那个问题仍未解决。He always silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。His theory to be correct.他的理论证明是正确的。仔细体会表语和主语的关系你会明白，仔细体会表语和主语的关系你会明白，表语是表示主语的身表语是表示主语的身表语是表示主语的身表语是表示主语的身份、特征和状态份、特征和状态份、特征和状态份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,be

25、,become,get,look,grow,turn,seemgrow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。示。lookssoundsfeelfeelssmellstastesbecomeremainskeepsproves二二、简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型1、主语、主语+系动词系动词+表语：表语：2 2、主语、主语、主语、主语+不及物动词：不及物动词：不及物动词：不及物动词：e.g.She cried.It

26、rained.Nothing happened.The snake disappeared.3 3、主语、主语、主语、主语+及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词+宾语：宾语：宾语：宾语：e.g.Henry bought a dictionary yesterday.I enjoy sports.He looks after his little daughter on Sundays4 4、主语、主语、主语、主语+及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语双宾语（间接宾语双宾语（间接宾语双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：直接宾语）：直接宾语）：直接宾语）：e.g.My father bough

27、t me a new bike.=My father bought a new bike me.Will you please choose me a better one?=Will you please choose a better one me?Ill give you a new dictionary.=Ill give a new dictionary you.forforto5 5、主语、主语、主语、主语+及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词+复合宾语（宾语复合宾语（宾语复合宾语（宾语复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：宾补）：宾补）：宾补）：e.g.Tom made the baby laug

28、h.（作宾语补足语）His father named him Dongming.（作宾语补足语）They painted their boat white.（作宾语补足语）Let the fresh air in.（作宾语补足语）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（_ 作宾语补足语）We saw her entering the room.（作宾语补足语）We found everything in the lab in good order.（作宾语补足语）We will soon make our city what your ci

29、ty is now.（作宾语补足语）They elected him their monitor.（作宾语补足语）注意：比较双宾语和复合宾语的关系你会发现：注意：比较双宾语和复合宾语的关系你会发现：之间是没有逻辑关系的，而之间是没有逻辑关系的，而 之间之间具有主语和表语的关系或主语和谓语的关系。具有主语和表语的关系或主语和谓语的关系。动词动词名词名词形容词形容词副词副词不定式短语不定式短语现在分词现在分词介词短语介词短语句子句子名词名词双宾语双宾语复合宾语复合宾语1.Every second matters.2.I am a teacher.3.You have many new books.

30、4.He gives me some money.5.They painted the wall white.练一练判断下面句子是那种简单句的句型判断下面句子是那种简单句的句型主主+系系+表表主主+谓谓主主+谓谓+宾宾 主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补1.The machine doesnt work.2.He is an honest student.3.The silk feels soft.4.I have a lot of friends here.5.Tom lent me 200 dollars.6.I saw him writing a letter.7.

31、I find maths difficult.8.We call her Lily.9.Father asked me to turn off the TV.主主谓谓宾宾定定表表宾补宾补主主系系表表主主系系主主谓谓主主主主主主主主主主谓谓谓谓谓谓谓谓谓谓宾宾宾宾宾宾宾补宾补宾补宾补宾补宾补宾宾宾宾宾宾句子成分常用词性主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语定语定语状语状语表语表语宾补宾补n/pron.n./pron.Adj.Adv.n./adj.n./adj./to do/doingV（二二）按要求完成下列句子按要求完成下列句子1.He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）2.The

32、y have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）3.There will be a sports meet at the end of this month,_?（完成反意疑问）4.You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）5.They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)6.It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）7.This magazine comes out（出版）eve

33、ry other week.（对画线部分提问）8.They could hardly believe his words,_?（完成反意疑问）He doesnt dare to tell the truth./He dare not tell the truth.How long have they lived here?wont thereBe careful with your pronunciation.Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening?How interesting the story is!/What an interesting story it is!How often does this magazine come out?could they9.The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class.（对画线部分提问）How brightly the moon is shining!Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class?感感谢谢聆聆听听