初中英语语法课件文档.pptx
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1、初中英语语法完整版初中英语语法完整版1.名词名词2.冠词和数词冠词和数词3.代词代词4.介词和连词介词和连词5.形容词和副词形容词和副词6.动词动词7.非谓语动词非谓语动词动词不定式、分词、动名词动词不定式、分词、动名词8.动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态八大时态和两大语态八大时态和两大语态9.句子的种类句子的种类陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句10.句子类型句子类型11.主谓一致和倒装句主谓一致和倒装句12情景交融情景交融专题专题1名词名词考点知识精讲知识网络知识网络考点一考点一 名词的分类名词的分类考点知识精讲考点二考点二 名词的复数形式名词的复数形式1.1.规
2、则变化规则变化构成方法构成方法例例词词在在词词尾加尾加sgirlgirlspenpens以以s,x,ch,sh结结尾的尾的名名词词后加后加esbusbusesboxboxeswatchwatchesdishdishes考点知识精讲以以f 或或 fe 结结尾的名尾的名词词,变变f,fe 为为v,再加,再加 eswifewiveshalfhalves shelfshelvesthiefthieves某些以某些以f结结尾的尾的词词,直接,直接加加sroofroofs(屋屋顶顶)beliefbeliefs(信念信念)以以辅辅音字母音字母y结结尾的名尾的名词变词变y为为i再加再加escitycities
3、countrycountriesfamilyfamiliespartyparties以元音字母以元音字母y结结尾的名尾的名词词,直接加,直接加sboyboysdaydays续表续表构成方法构成方法例例词词以以o结结尾的四个尾的四个词词(黑人英雄喜欢吃黑人英雄喜欢吃西红柿土豆)西红柿土豆)加加es,其余的都加,其余的都加spotatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroesNegroNegroeszoozoosphotophotos考点知识精讲2.2.不规则变化不规则变化3.3.复合名词的复数形式有两种复合名词的复数形式有两种(1)(1)将主体词变为复数,如:将主体词变为
4、复数,如:sisterinlawsistersinlaw(sisterinlawsistersinlaw(嫂子嫂子)boy classmateboy classmatesboy classmateboy classmates构成方法构成方法例例词词形式不形式不变变(单单复数同形复数同形)sheepsheepdeerdeerChineseChineseJapaneseJapanese变变内部元音字母内部元音字母footfeettoothteethgoosegeese manmenmousemice词词尾加尾加en/renchildchildrenoxoxen考点知识精讲(2)(2)将复合词中两个
5、词都变为复数,此种复合词中第一个词须是将复合词中两个词都变为复数,此种复合词中第一个词须是manman或或 womanwoman,如:,如:man worker men workersman worker men workerswoman teacher women teacherswoman teacher women teachers4 4特殊情况特殊情况(1)(1)有些名词只有复数形式,如:有些名词只有复数形式,如:Clothes,shortsClothes,shorts(短裤),(短裤),pantspants(短裤),(短裤),scissors(scissors(剪刀剪刀),goods
6、goods(货物),(货物),glasses(glasses(眼镜眼镜)(2)(2)有些名词以有些名词以s s结尾,但不是复数形式,如:结尾,但不是复数形式,如:考点知识精讲newsnews,mathsmaths,physicsphysics(物理),(物理),politicspolitics(3)(3)有些物质名词或抽象名词的单、复数形式表示不同的含义,如:有些物质名词或抽象名词的单、复数形式表示不同的含义,如:room(room(空间空间)a room()a room(房间房间)work(work(工作工作)works()works(著作著作)(4)(4)不可数名词的数量表达不可数名词的数
7、量表达不可数名词本身不可数,但可借助单位量词表示一定的数量,如:不可数名词本身不可数,但可借助单位量词表示一定的数量,如:a piece of bread/news/papera piece of bread/news/paper一片面包一片面包/一则新闻一则新闻/一张纸一张纸还可用还可用muchmuch,littlelittle,a littlea little,a large amount ofa large amount of,somesome,anyany,nono,lots oflots of,plenty ofplenty of等来修饰不可数名词,如:等来修饰不可数名词,如:考点知
8、识精讲much moneymuch money,some milk some milk(5)(5)数词名词形容词构成的复合形容词,中间的名词不能用复数数词名词形容词构成的复合形容词,中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式,如:形式而须用单数形式,如:He is a fouryearold boy.He is a fouryearold boy.他是个他是个4 4岁的男孩。岁的男孩。(fouryearold(fouryearold不能说成不能说成fouryearsold)fouryearsold)a fivefootdeep holea fivefootdeep hole一个五英尺深的洞一个五英
9、尺深的洞考点三考点三 名词所有格名词所有格1 1表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式,在此名词词尾加表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式,在此名词词尾加ss,或,或直接加直接加。(1)(1)单数名词加单数名词加ss,如:,如:Marys bookMarys book考点知识精讲(2)(2)以以s s结尾的复数名词只加结尾的复数名词只加,不以,不以s s结尾的复数名词要加结尾的复数名词要加ss,如:,如:the three girls father the three girls father 这三个女孩的父亲这三个女孩的父亲the childrens presents the childrens
10、presents 孩子们的礼物孩子们的礼物(3)(3)表示几个人共有,仅在最后一个人的名字后加表示几个人共有,仅在最后一个人的名字后加ss;表示各自所有;表示各自所有时,需在各个名字后加时,需在各个名字后加ss,如:,如:Mary and Janes car(Mary and Janes car(她俩人共有的车她俩人共有的车)Marys and Janes cars(Marys and Janes cars(她俩各自的车她俩各自的车)(4)(4)表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时,名词所有格后面的名词习表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时,名词所有格后面的名词习惯上省略。如:惯上省略。如:the b
11、arbersthe barbersthe barbers shopthe barbers shop理发店理发店考点知识精讲to my auntsto my auntsto my aunts houseto my aunts house到我姑姑家到我姑姑家(5)(5)有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命的名词,有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命的名词,也可以加也可以加ss构成所有格。如:构成所有格。如:a weeks time a weeks time 一周的时间一周的时间Chinas populationChinas population中国的人口中国的人口2 2表示
12、无生命的东西的所有格形式:名词表示无生命的东西的所有格形式:名词ofof所有者,如:所有者,如:the name of the zoothe name of the zoo动物园的名字动物园的名字3 3双重所有格:即双重所有格:即ofofss或或ofof名词性物主代词,如:名词性物主代词,如:a book of my daughters a book of my daughters 我女儿的一本书我女儿的一本书The friend of his is very kind.The friend of his is very kind.他的朋友非常友好。他的朋友非常友好。考点知识精讲考点四考点四
13、名词的句法功能名词的句法功能名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语、表语、状语、名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语、表语、状语、定语等。定语等。名词作定语,一般用单数形式。如:名词作定语,一般用单数形式。如:girl students(girl students(女学生女学生)paper flowers()paper flowers(纸花纸花)名词作定语时,个别情况用复数形式。如:名词作定语时,个别情况用复数形式。如:sports meeting(sports meeting(运动会运动会)考 点 训 练一、单项选择一、单项选择1 1(2013(2013哈尔滨哈尔滨)Boy
14、s and girls)Boys and girls,feeling peaceful is the feeling peaceful is the first step to become _ in the exam.So please take a deep first step to become _ in the exam.So please take a deep breath and calm down.breath and calm down.A Arunners runners B Bwinners winners C Cplayersplayers【答案答案】B B考 点 训
15、 练7 7(2013(2013重庆重庆)Could you please get me some _)Could you please get me some _?Im Im hungry.hungry.A Aapple Bapple Bwater water C Cbread Dbread Deggegg【答案答案】C C考 点 训 练8 8(2013(2013武汉武汉)Im going to the supermarket.Let me get you)Im going to the supermarket.Let me get you some fruit.some fruit.OK.T
16、hanks for your _.OK.Thanks for your _.A Aoffer Boffer BinformationinformationC Cmessage Dmessage Dorderorder【答案答案】A A考 点 训 练1111(2013(2013宁波宁波)Excuse me,where can I exchange _)Excuse me,where can I exchange _?Theres a bank on the second floor.Theres a bank on the second floor.A Abooks books B Bfood
17、food C CmoneymoneyD Dstampsstamps【答案答案】C C考 点 训 练1212(2013(2013扬州扬州)Im sorry I went out for a smoke.I was)Im sorry I went out for a smoke.I was very tired.very tired.Theres no _ for this while you are at work.Theres no _ for this while you are at work.A Acause Bcause Bexcuse excuse C Cmatter Dmatter
18、 Dchoicechoice【答案答案】B B考 点 训 练1313(2013(2013陕西陕西)John wants to be a _)John wants to be a _,so he often so he often helps sick people in the hospital.helps sick people in the hospital.A Areporterreporter(记者)(记者)B Bdoctor doctor C Cscientist Dscientist Dcookcook【答案答案】B B考 点 训 练2020(2012(2012中考变式题中考变式题
19、)_ mothers cant go to the)_ mothers cant go to the meeting,because they have gone to New York on business.meeting,because they have gone to New York on business.A AAlice and Lilys Alice and Lilys B BAlices and LilysAlices and LilysC CAlices and LilyAlices and Lily【答案答案】B B考 点 训 练2121(2012(2012中考变式题中
20、考变式题)Something is wrong with my _.I)Something is wrong with my _.I cant see anything around me.cant see anything around me.A Anose nose B Bears ears C Ceyes eyes D Dmouthmouth【答案答案】C C考 点 训 练2222(2012(2012中考变式题中考变式题)The land in the southwest of China is)The land in the southwest of China is in great
21、 need of _.in great need of _.Yes,it hasnt rained for a long time there.Yes,it hasnt rained for a long time there.A Amilk milk B Btea tea C Ccoffee coffee D Dwaterwater【答案答案】D D考 点 训 练2323(2012(2012中考变式题中考变式题)How far is your home from school?)How far is your home from school?Its about two _ walk.Its
22、 about two _ walk.A Ahours hours B Bhours hours C Chourshours【答案答案】C C考 点 训 练2727(2014(2014中考预测题中考预测题)Good morning,madam.Can I help you?)Good morning,madam.Can I help you?Sure,Id like _Sure,Id like _,please.please.A Atwo cups of coffees two cups of coffees B Btwo cup of coffeestwo cup of coffeesC Ct
23、wo cups of coffee two cups of coffee D Dtwo cup of coffeetwo cup of coffee【答案答案】C C考 点 训 练2828(2014(2014中考预测题中考预测题)Do you know the young lady over there?)Do you know the young lady over there?Yes.Shes _ mother.Yes.Shes _ mother.A ALily and Lucy BLily and Lucy BLilys and LucysLilys and LucysC CLilys
24、and Lucy DLilys and Lucy DLily and LucysLily and Lucys考 点 训 练3030(2014(2014中考预测题中考预测题)Where are the_)Where are the_?They are playing_ basketball on the playground.They are playing_ basketball on the playground.A Aman teachers;the Bman teachers;the Bmen teachers;themen teachers;theC Cman teachers;/Dm
25、an teachers;/Dmen teachers;/men teachers;/【答案答案】D D专题专题2冠词、数词冠词、数词考点知识精讲知识网络知识网络冠冠 词词考点知识精讲考点知识精讲考点知识精讲表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词。数词有两种:表示数目多少表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词。数词有两种:表示数目多少的数词叫做基数词,如:的数词叫做基数词,如:oneone,twotwo,three.three.,ninetyfourninetyfour等;表示顺等;表示顺序先后的数词叫做序数词,如:序先后的数词叫做序数词,如:firstfirst,secondsecond,third.
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