英国文学史Lecture 3 William Wordsworth(II)概要1.ppt

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1、Lecture 3 William Wordsworth(II)华兹华华兹华斯斯(17701850)William Wordsworth(1775-1850)华兹华华兹华斯斯William Wordsworth is a celebrated Romantic poet in England and the best-known of the Lake Poets.He was made poet laureate in 1843.I.Comments on Wordsworth and his literary writingsl1.Wordsworth is the representat

2、ive of the first generation of Romantic poets,who expressed the deepest aspirations of English Romanticism.He saw nature and man with new eyes.His whole work is an attempt to communicate that new vision.l2.Wordsworths poetry is distinguished by the simplicity and purity of his language.It was his th

3、eory that the language spoken by the peasants when purified from its defects,was the best of all.His theory and practice in poetical creation started from a dissatisfaction with the social reality under capitalism,and hinted at the thought of“back to nature”and“back to the patriarchal system of the

4、old time”.l3.Wordsworth proclaimed the natural flow of strong emotions.“emotion immediately expressed is as raw as wine newly bottled”,“tranquil contemplation of an emotional experience is like the refining of old wine.l l4.William Wordsworths theory,as stated in his Preface to the second edition of

5、 the Lyrical Ballads,serves as a manifesto of Romanticism.The poet takes the direct experience of the senses as the sources of poetic truth for poetry comes from the emotion recollected in tranquility.(Poetry is“the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings,which originates in emotion recollected in

6、 tranquility.”)lHis poetic practice is what his theory implies,for the joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes in many of his poems such as the Lucy poems l5.He is best in descriptions of mountains and rivers;flowers and birds;children and peasants;reminiscences of his own childhood and

7、 youth.=nature.Discussion:lTry to analyse the poem I wandered lonely as a cloud with Wordsworths poetry composition theory:l(Poetry is“the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollected in tranquility.”)lThe poets wandering and discovery of a field of daffodils by a lake,the memory of which p

8、leases him and comforts him when he is lonely,bored or restless.II.The Solitary reaperl-William WordsworthRead the poem and talk about the following quetions:Genre:Structure:Rhyme Scheme:metre:Theme:lyric poem 抒情诗four 8-line stanzas共四节 每节八句ababccdd(except lines 1&3 in stanzas 1 and 4)iambic tetramet

9、er四音步抑扬格 The Glorification of the commonplace.The poet is fascinated with a Scottish peasant girls beautiful song.Stanza 1:The poet heard a Scottish girl singing while reaping in the wheat field.1Behold her,single in the field,2Yon solitary Highland Lass!3Reaping and singing by herself;4Stop here,or

10、 gently pass!vt.look at=yonder:overthere苏格兰西北部高原5Alone she cuts and binds the grain,6And sings a melancholy strain;7O listen!for the Vale profound 8Is overflowing with the sound.哀伤的曲调=valley=girlHer voice is like water.捆the line is either warning the speaker himself notto disturb the girl,or it isev

11、en said to the readers.Note first the recurrence of the same meaning in different words,and the repetition of the common words from daily language!Stanza 2:The poet is surprised to hear such a beautiful song in so remote a place.1No Nightingale did ever chaunt 2More welcome notes to weary bands 3Of

12、travellers in some shady haunt,4Among Arabian sands=chant歌唱可爱的音符groupoasis绿洲where travellers take a restunder the trees.deserts in most of the ArabianPeninsula 半岛nightingale夜莺a bird good at singing5A voice so thrilling neer was heard 6In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird,7Breaking the silence of the

13、seas 8Among the farthest Hebrides 动人的=neverherald 信使of spring,comingin April andleaving inAugustcuckoo杜鹃鸟In Spring people on the Hebrides are excited to hear the cuckoossong after a long winters silence.Pay special attention to the two comparisons in this stanza!How do you interpret this stanza?The

14、song of a nightingale is so rare and exciting for the travellers in the Arabian Deserts to hear,so it is with the song of the cuckoo bird;but more exciting is to hear the singing of the solitary reaping girl here on the Highland.Stanza 3:The poet doesnt understand her song but knows it is about some

15、thing sad.1Will no one tell me what she sings?2Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow 3 For old,unhappy,far-off things,4And battles long ago:sad音符notesare about(Her song is like water.),echoing the word overflowing in stanza one.long time ago5Or is it some more humble lay,6Familiar matter of to-day?7Som

16、e natural sorrow,loss,or pain,8That has been,and may be again?a folk songsuch as the natural death of her parentsthe girl is singing in Erse,which is not familiar to the poet.In this stanza,the poet begins to probe into the contents and subject matter of the girls song:it seems not important for the

17、 poet or even the readers what the song is literally about-sorrowful things happened either in the past or today or in the future?It is this association that immensely enriches the girls song,making it an elegy ever sung by men.Thus comes the following enlightening ideas.Stanza 4:The poet was so mov

18、ed by her song that he could never forget it.1Whateer the theme,the Maiden sang 2As if her song could have no ending;3I saw her singing at her work,4And oer the sickle bending;girl镰刀=whatevercf.余音绕梁，三日不绝The poet was carried away by her song and almost forgot his journey.5I listend,motionless and sti

19、ll;=overlistening attentively6And,as I mounted up the hill,7The music in my heart I bore,8Long after it was heard no more.登上I bore the music in my heart.我把那支乐曲牢记心头。The girl sang over her work.The solitary reapers song left an unforgetableimpression on the poets mind.FIGURES OF SPEECH反衬 用夜莺和杜鹃反衬少女歌声的

20、优美通感 声音在作者眼中 变为有形的事物呼语 BEHOLD HER/O LISTEN反复 同源词反复类比 少女的歌声与夜莺和杜鹃的歌唱 诗人与旅人 及赫布里群岛象征 MOUNT UP THE HILL 象征着人生的旅途反问contrast(foil),synaesthesia,apostrophe,repetition,analogy,symbol,rhetorical question.语言特点语言特点语言十分简朴，诗意明白易懂，但它清新自然，意境优美，如语言十分简朴，诗意明白易懂，但它清新自然，意境优美，如一幅画，一幅有声有色的画一幅画，一幅有声有色的画 意象意象 意象，就是对我们的感觉能

21、起刺激作用的具体形象意象，就是对我们的感觉能起刺激作用的具体形象 视觉意象视觉意象(visual image)：single in the field，motionless and still，oer the sickle bending等；等；动觉意象动觉意象(kinaesthetic image)：reaping and singing，stop here or gently pass，cuts and binds，breaking the silence，mounted up the hill等等听觉意象听觉意象(auditory image)，如：，如：sings a melancho

22、ly strain，overflowing with the sound，welcome notes，plaintive numbers flow，humble lay，song，music等等 Try to summarize the main idea of this poem.George Gordon,Lord ByronThe most colorful of the English romantic poets,Lord Byron embodied the romantic hero in his own quixotic lifestyle.Ranked with Shelle

23、y and Keats as one of the great Romantic poets,Byron became famous throughout Europe as the embodiment of romanticism.His good looks,his lameness,and his flamboyant life style all contributed to the formation of the Byronic legend.By the mid-20th century his reputation as a poet had been eclipsed by

24、 growing critical recognition of his talents as a wit and satirist.ContentsI.Byrons LifeII.Major Literary WorksIII.Features of Byrons PoetryIV.More about His WorksAt ten at schoolBornBorn in an impoverished noble family in London in 1788.His early years was unhappy.At ten,the boy was made Lord Byron

25、.Then he studied at Harrow and Cambridge.When he was a student,Byron published his first collection of poems,entitled Hours of Idleness.I.Byrons Life2 years later In 1815In 1809Byron triumphantly set sail for Europe.This tour which last two years,proved fruitful.On his return to England,Byronembarke

26、d on his political career.He also wrote lyrical pieces.Byron married Miss Milbank.It proved a most unhappy marriage.I.Byrons LifeThe result of this trip were the first two cantos of Childe Harolds Pilgrimage,with their famous descriptions of romatic scenery.I.Byrons LifeIn 1816,he set sail for Europ

27、e,never to return.He went to Switzerland,where he made acquaintance with Shelley.From Switzerland he went to Italy,where he lived from the end of 1816 to 1823.On April 19,1824,he died in Greece.Byron at his death bed(died of fever)Byrons Character1.Sensitive:born lame(or crippled for maltreat from h

28、is mother)2.Intelligent:spared little time in study but possessed talent in history and speech.3.Versatile:swimming,speech,writing,leadership4.determined:persisted in his ambition5.Isolated:due to his life experience and embodied in his poems.A.Long Poems 1.Childe Harolds Pilgrimage 恰尔德恰尔德.哈罗德游记哈罗德游

29、记 2.Don Juan 唐璜唐璜B.Byrons Short Lyrics(nature,love and political aspiration)1.She Walks in Beauty 2.When We Two Parted 3.Hebrew Melodies 4.Sonnet on Chillon II.Major Literary WorksHours of Idleness(1807):his first volume of poems懒散的时刻懒散的时刻English Bards and Scotch Reviewers(1809):a vigorous onslaught

30、 upon his critics英国诗人和苏格兰评论家英国诗人和苏格兰评论家Manfred(1817):a Faustian poetic drama reflecting his sense of guilt,remorse and frustration曼弗雷德曼弗雷德Cain(1821)该隐该隐C.Other WorksIII.Features of Byrons PoetryPersistent attacks on“cant(伪善的)politics,religions,and morals”;Novelty of oriental scenery;Romantic charact

31、er of Byronic hero;Free,copious(丰富的)and vigorous diction and simple,fresh descriptions;Glowing imagination;Employment of the Ottava Rima(八行体)(Octava Stanza,an 8-line iambic pentameter stanza with the rhyme scheme abababcc)from Italian mock-heroic poetry.What is Byronic hero?As a leading Romanticist,

32、Byrons chief contribution is his creation of the“Byronic hero”,a proud,mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.With immense superiority in his passions and powers,this Byronic hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt world,and would rise single-handedly ag

33、ainst any kind of tyrannical rules either in government,in religion,or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.Such a hero appears first in Childe Harolds Pilgrimage,then further developed in Manfred,Don Juan,etc.in different guises.The figure is,to some extent,modele

34、d on the life and personality of Byron himself,and makes Byron famous both at home and abroad.拜伦式英雄是拜伦笔下的一类人物形象，最早萌芽于是拜伦笔下的一类人物形象，最早萌芽于是拜伦笔下的一类人物形象，最早萌芽于是拜伦笔下的一类人物形象，最早萌芽于恰尔德恰尔德恰尔德恰尔德 哈洛尔德。在东方叙事诗哈洛尔德。在东方叙事诗哈洛尔德。在东方叙事诗哈洛尔德。在东方叙事诗中重点塑造了这类形象，他们是悲剧性中重点塑造了这类形象，他们是悲剧性中重点塑造了这类形象，他们是悲剧性中重点塑造了这类形象，他们是悲剧性的孤傲的

35、反抗社会制度的叛逆者，是高傲的孤傲的反抗社会制度的叛逆者，是高傲的孤傲的反抗社会制度的叛逆者，是高傲的孤傲的反抗社会制度的叛逆者，是高傲而倔强，忧郁而孤独，神秘而痛苦，与社而倔强，忧郁而孤独，神秘而痛苦，与社而倔强，忧郁而孤独，神秘而痛苦，与社而倔强，忧郁而孤独，神秘而痛苦，与社会格格不入从而对之进行彻底反抗的叛逆会格格不入从而对之进行彻底反抗的叛逆会格格不入从而对之进行彻底反抗的叛逆会格格不入从而对之进行彻底反抗的叛逆者者者者烫烙着拜伦思想个性气质的深刻印烫烙着拜伦思想个性气质的深刻印烫烙着拜伦思想个性气质的深刻印烫烙着拜伦思想个性气质的深刻印记。记。记。记。Byronic hero(Con

36、.)wThe literary history of the Byronic hero in English can be traced from Milton,especially Miltons interpretation of Lucifer as having justified complaint against God.wByrons influence was manifested by many authors and artists of the Romantic movement during the 19th century and beyond.An example

37、of such a hero is Heathcliff from Emily Bronts Wuthering Heights.Byronic hero:The figure of the Byronic hero pervades much of Byrons work,and Byron himself is considered to epitomise many of the characteristics of this literary figure.Scholars have traced the literary history of the Byronic hero fro

38、m John Milton,and many authors and artists of the Romantic movement show Byrons influence during the 19th century and beyond,including Charlotte and Emily Bront.(With Women)Byron had always been susceptible to women and attractive to themThe young bachelor had romances and liaisons with several wome

39、n,many of them married.It is rumored that in 1813 he had an incestuous affair with his half-sister,Augusta Leigh.This idea is furthered by themes of incest and forbidden love that appear in several of Byrons poems.Byron married Annabella Milbanke in early 1815,and they had a daughter named Ada.But w

40、ithin a year the marriage had dissolved and they were separated.The next few years were spent mostly in Venice,where Byron conducted various love-affairs.wAt eight years of age he was violently in love with a young girl named Mary Duff.At ten his cousin,Margaret Parker,excited in him a strange,un-ch

41、ildish passion.At fifteen came one of the greatest crises of his life,when he became enamored of Mary Chaworth,whose grand-father had been killed in a duel by Byrons great-uncle.attractiveAnne Isabella MilbankeClaire ClairmontAugusta LeighLady Caroline LambAppearancelovers5feet11inches(1.80m)9.5ston

42、e(60kg)BlueeyesathleticHis wifeHalf-sister“我一个对抗你们全体”拜伦拜伦（拜伦（1788182417881824）是如暴风一般轰响在是如暴风一般轰响在1919世纪初叶英国诗坛世纪初叶英国诗坛上的巨擘。他被歌德上的巨擘。他被歌德誉为誉为“19“19世纪最富天世纪最富天才的诗人才的诗人”，普希金，普希金奉他为奉他为“思想界的君思想界的君王王”。I.Read more works by William WordsworthII.Preview work:Read the chapter for George Gordon,Lord Byron and his worksHomework