必修一（Grammar)过去分词做定语表语补语状语,一般过去时,现在完成时,现在完成进行时.ppt

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1、 Module Two 过去分词做定语，表语，补语，状语时态（一般过去时/现在完成时/现在完成进行时）必修一图解语法助记表解语法助记表解语法助记 动词的动词的ed形式形式1过去分词作定语过去分词作定语用法用法例句例句位位置置单个分词单个分词前置前置the injured workers受伤的工人受伤的工人used book用过的书用过的书分词短语分词短语后置后置the guests invited by my parents我父母我父母邀请来的客人邀请来的客人a book written by Lu Xun鲁迅写的一本鲁迅写的一本书书意意义义及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词被动、完成被动、

2、完成a polluted river 一条被污染了的河流一条被污染了的河流watered flowers 浇过的花浇过的花不及物动词不及物动词的过去分词的过去分词完成完成fallen leaves落叶落叶a retired teacher一位退休教师一位退休教师及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动或完成，或两者兼而有之及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动或完成，或两者兼而有之 eg:a respected teacher a broken cup 不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成的含义不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成的含义 eg：He is a retired worker.V-ed 形式的分

3、词形容词作定语说明所修饰的名词的状态，无被动的含形式的分词形容词作定语说明所修饰的名词的状态，无被动的含义，是一个形容词义，是一个形容词（1）作定语）作定语 eg：a surprised look disapointed children过去分词可以和形容词或副词一起构成合成形容词一起做前置定语过去分词可以和形容词或副词一起构成合成形容词一起做前置定语eg:a highly-developed industry a widely-used language过去分词短语作后置定语放在所修饰词的后面，逻辑上相当于一个被过去分词短语作后置定语放在所修饰词的后面，逻辑上相当于一个被动的定语从句动的定语

4、从句 eg:It is a book(which is)recommended by the teacher.Many people(who were)invited to the party were famous scientists.2过去分词作表语过去分词作表语用法用法例句例句表表状状态态及物动词及物动词的过去分的过去分词词与主语是被动关系，与主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，有表示主语的状态，有被动和完成意义。被动和完成意义。This novel is well written.这本小说写得很好。这本小说写得很好。不及物动不及物动词的过去词的过去分词分词与主语是主动关系，与主语是主动关

5、系，表示主语的状态，只表示主语的状态，只有完成意义。有完成意义。The happy time is gone forever.幸福时光一去不复返幸福时光一去不复返了。了。He is retired.他已退休。他已退休。系表结构与被动语态的区别系表结构与被动语态的区别区别区别例句例句系表系表结构结构意义意义系表结构中的过去分系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多词相当于形容词，多强调状态。强调状态。The gate to the garden was locked.花园的门锁了。花园的门锁了。被动被动语态语态被动语态中的过去分被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动词是动词，多强调动作。作。The g

6、ate to the garden was locked by the girl.花园的门被那个女孩花园的门被那个女孩锁上了。锁上了。区别区别例句例句系表系表结构结构时态时态说明主语的状态或特说明主语的状态或特征，不强调动作，多征，不强调动作，多用于一般现在时和一用于一般现在时和一般过去时，没有进行般过去时，没有进行时。时。He was injured in the leg.他腿部受了伤。他腿部受了伤。被动被动语态语态强调的是动作，其主强调的是动作，其主语是动作的对象，可语是动作的对象，可以有各种时态。以有各种时态。The problem is being studied.问题正在问题正在(被

7、被)研究。研究。区别区别例句例句系表系表结构结构修饰修饰词词系表结构中的过系表结构中的过去分词可被去分词可被very,too,so等修饰。等修饰。The boy was too frightened to move.这孩子吓得动也这孩子吓得动也不敢动。不敢动。被动被动语态语态被动语态中的过被动语态中的过去分词则须用去分词则须用much修饰。修饰。He was much excited by the news.他被这条消息弄他被这条消息弄得很兴奋。得很兴奋。区别区别例句例句系表系表结构结构状语状语一般不用方式状语等一般不用方式状语等修饰。修饰。The shop is closed.那家商店关门了

8、。那家商店关门了。被动被动语态语态句子中可带有具体的句子中可带有具体的时间状语、方式状语时间状语、方式状语或或by短语作状语。短语作状语。The shop is often closed at 630 in the afternoon.那家商店通常在下午那家商店通常在下午630关门。关门。3.作补语：过去分词（一般是及物动词的）表示被动或作补语：过去分词（一般是及物动词的）表示被动或完成，有时兼而有之，作宾补得过去分词与宾语之间有完成，有时兼而有之，作宾补得过去分词与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者或逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者或对象。对象。eg:Sh

9、e found the door broken when she came in.eg:She found the door broken when she came in.4.作状语作状语:修饰谓语动词分词动作与主语之间常构成逻辑上的动修饰谓语动词分词动作与主语之间常构成逻辑上的动宾关系，即被动关系。过去分词作状语，意义上相当于状语从宾关系，即被动关系。过去分词作状语，意义上相当于状语从句，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、让步、方式等。句，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、让步、方式等。表条件：表条件：Given more attention,the trees could have grown be

10、tter.表时间：表时间：Asked many times,I told him the secret.表伴随：表伴随：The teacher came in,followed by his students.表让步表让步:Shown many times,he couldnt operate the machine on his own.表方式：表方式：She was in tears as if deeply moved by the film.一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或某段时间内反复发生一般过去时表示过去某个时间里

11、发生的动作或某段时间内反复发生的动作及存在的状态，句子中常有标志性的时间状语。的动作及存在的状态，句子中常有标志性的时间状语。时间状语时间状语例句例句表示过去发生的动作或存表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与在的状态，常与yesterdayin 1996two yesterdayin 1996two years agolast years agolast monththe day before monththe day before yesterdaythe other dayyesterdaythe other day等表示过去的时间状语连等表示过去的时间状语连用用1 1、The great

12、 wall came into being in 221B.C2 2、She suddenly fell ill in the classroom the other day.3 3、Mr.Jackson came to china a score of years ago.4 4、A thief broke into his house and stole his treasure last night.一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或某段时间内反复发生一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或某段时间内反复发生的动作及存在的状态，句子中常有标志

13、性的时间状语。的动作及存在的状态，句子中常有标志性的时间状语。时间状语时间状语例句例句表示过去一段时间内经常表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与或反复发生的行为，常与every every dayoftensometimesdayoftensometimes等时等时间状语连用，间状语连用，“used to+动词原形动词原形”或或“would+动动词原形词原形”常用来表示过去常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的行为。经常或反复发生的行为。1 1、When I was in the factory,was in the factory,I often often worked in the wo

14、rkshop.worked in the workshop.2 2、He usually came to school by bike last year.3 3、We used to get up at five every morning when we were at school.4 4、We would ask him for advice when we had trouble with our English.一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或某段时间内反复发生一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或某段时间内反复发生的动作及存在的状

15、态，句子中常有标志性的时间状语。的动作及存在的状态，句子中常有标志性的时间状语。时间状语时间状语例句例句表示过去发生的一连串动表示过去发生的一连串动作。作。The professor put one finger in his he professor put one finger in his mouth,tasted it,and smiled with mouth,tasted it,and smiled with satisfaction.satisfaction.一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或某段时间内反复发生一般过去时表示过去某个时

16、间里发生的动作或某段时间内反复发生的动作及存在的状态，句子中常有标志性的时间状语。的动作及存在的状态，句子中常有标志性的时间状语。时间状语时间状语例句例句在时间、条件、方式让步在时间、条件、方式让步状语从句中用一般过去时状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。表示过去将来的动作。1 1、He said he would let us know if he got any news.2 2、He promised that he would buy some copies for us when he went there.3 3、She said she would write to us

17、soon as she arrived at Beijing.即学即用即学即用语法填空语法填空1(2014湖南，湖南，21，改编，改编)Children，when_(accompany)by their parents,are allowed to enter the stadium.答案：答案：accompanied考查过去分词做状语。句意：当有父母陪考查过去分词做状语。句意：当有父母陪伴时，孩子们才被允许进入体育馆。伴时，孩子们才被允许进入体育馆。2_(use)with care,one tin will last for six weeks.答案：答案：Used本题考查非谓语动词作状语。

18、句意：小心使用，一本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：小心使用，一桶能持续六周。桶能持续六周。use与与one tin之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。过去分词。3When I got on the bus，I_(realize)I had left my wallet at home.答案：答案：realize本题考查动词的时态。句意：当我上车后，本题考查动词的时态。句意：当我上车后，我意识到我把钱包忘家里了。根据时态对应关系，此处应用我意识到我把钱包忘家里了。根据时态对应关系，此处应用一般过去时，表示一般过去时，表示“上车上车”和和“意识到意识到”这两个动作

19、几乎同这两个动作几乎同时发生。时发生。课后巩固提升课后巩固提升.用所给词的适当形式填空，并观察在下列句子中所作的成分。用所给词的适当形式填空，并观察在下列句子中所作的成分。1We only sell _(use)books.()2Mr.Chen is an _(experience)English teacher.()3The _(steal)bike belongs to Jack.()4The book _(write)by Lu Xun made a deep impression on us readers.()5Is there anything _(plan)for the wee

20、kend？()used前置定语experienced前置定语stolen前置定语written后置定语planned后置定语.用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空1When your _(speak)English gets better,so will your _(write)English.2Dont you know the girl _(dress)in a red skirt?3The _(injure)workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.4People developed a kind of p

21、aper _(make)from the fibers of plants.5The _(pollute)air is bad for our health.spokenwrittendressedinjuredmadepolluted6I _(ring)him several times this morning,but no one _(answer)the phone.7Nancy is not coming tonight.But she _(say)so.8When I was young,I often _(go)to swim in that river.9A big fire

22、_(destroy)the whole forest last year.10.He always _(have)no breakfast during that year.rangansweredsaidwentdestroyedhad.语法填空语法填空1The foreign guests,_ by a translator,came out of the meeting hall.答案：答案：followedfollowed by.作后置定语修饰作后置定语修饰guests，相，相当于定语从句当于定语从句who were followed by.。2This kind of animal,

23、_koala bear,can be found only in Australia.答案：答案：called这种动物被称作树袋熊，只有在澳大利亚这种动物被称作树袋熊，只有在澳大利亚才能够找到。才能够找到。“_koala bear”作后置定语修饰作后置定语修饰this kind of animal，是被动关系，故用其过去分词形式。，是被动关系，故用其过去分词形式。3He was among the three candidates _(interview)for the job.答案：答案：interviewed考查过去分词短语作后置定语。句意：考查过去分词短语作后置定语。句意：他是他是3个来

24、参加求职面试的人选之一。个来参加求职面试的人选之一。4Why are you looking so disappointed,Ken?The outdoor concert _ for tomorrow will be put off.答案：答案：planned首先根据首先根据plan与与concert的被动关系，从时间的被动关系，从时间上，上，“打算，计划打算，计划”是已完成的事情，所以要用是已完成的事情，所以要用planned。句意：句意：“你为什么看起来那么沮丧，凯恩？你为什么看起来那么沮丧，凯恩？”“打算明打算明天举行的露天音乐会将要推迟。天举行的露天音乐会将要推迟。”5The jud

25、ge made the final decision after listening to the opinions of each party _.答案：答案：involved句意：法官在听完当事人双方的意见后句意：法官在听完当事人双方的意见后作出了最终判决。作出了最终判决。involved表示表示“参与，牵涉参与，牵涉”，此处用，此处用过去分词短语作定语。过去分词短语作定语。6The letter Mary had looked forward to _ her last night and she was very excited.答案：答案：reachedMary had looked

26、 forward to作作the letter的的定语，句子缺少的是谓语动语。根据时间状语定语，句子缺少的是谓语动语。根据时间状语last night，故填故填reached。7(2015北京卷，北京卷，22改编改编)Did you enjoy the party?Yes，We_(treat)well by our hosts.答案：答案：were treated由上文可知用一般过去时，再者我们由上文可知用一般过去时，再者我们是被招待，因此用被动式。是被招待，因此用被动式。8Was Mary in the office when you arrived there?Yes,but she _(

27、leave)soon afterwards.答案：答案：left句意：句意：“你到那里的时候玛丽在办公室吗？你到那里的时候玛丽在办公室吗？”“在，但是之后她很快就离开了。在，但是之后她很快就离开了。”由问句时态及答由问句时态及答语中的时间状语语中的时间状语soon afterwards判断，答语应用一般过去判断，答语应用一般过去时。时。9Everyone _ enjoying music when there was a knock at the door.答案：答案：was由由when引导时间状语从句，时态要保持前后引导时间状语从句，时态要保持前后一致，故填一致，故填was。10It is

28、so late.Why must you ring him up now?Oh,sorry.I _(not notice)it.答案：答案：didnt notice句意：句意：“太晚了，为什么非得现在太晚了，为什么非得现在给他打电话呢？给他打电话呢？”“哦，对不起，我刚才没有注意到时哦，对不起，我刚才没有注意到时间。间。”“”“没有注意没有注意”这一动作是过去发生的，故用一般过这一动作是过去发生的，故用一般过去时态。去时态。现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时的构成与用法现在完成时的构成与用法现在完成时由现在完成时由“have/has动词的过去分词动词的过去分词”构成。构成。主要用来表示以下两个方面

29、的含义：主要用来表示以下两个方面的含义：用法例句1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。1、-Have you had your lunch yet?-Yes,I have.I have just had it.(现在不饿了)2、I have already posted the parcel.(包裹已不在我这里)用法例句2.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间内的状语连用：nowjusttodaythismorningthismonththis yearforsinceall the time1、I h

30、avent seen her these days(for a long time).2、Have you returned the book today?3、Ive known Li Lei for over 3 years.since he came here.since 10 years ago.4、He has lived here since 1980since yesterday.since last year.ever since(then).用法例句3.与Alreadynevereverjustbeforelatelyrecentlyyetso farup to the pre

31、sentup till nowin the pastlast few years等状语连用。1、I have never seen such an inspiring film before.2、Tom has done his homework already.3、I havent seen him so far.4、-Have you ever been to Beijng?-NO,I have never been there5、Up till now we havent seen the film.4.与forduringinwithinover引导的时间状语连用，表示从过去的某一行为

32、一直延续到现在。1、We have discussed the topic(for)the last 3 week.2、-Have you seen any Austrians pass by here?-Not within the last days.3、I havent seen him in the recent years.用法例句5.表示反复或习惯性的动作，与several timesoncetwicethree timesfrequently等频度副词连用.1、I havent watched him several times.2、He has been to London t

33、wice.3、I have seen the film three times.6.在“最高级+名词”或在“这是第几次”之后跟定于从句，从句用现在完成时。1、This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.2、It is the second time that you have been here.3、This is the first time that I have visited you country.用法例句7.表示从过去到现在没有发生的动作。1、He hasnt cleaned the room for 10 day

34、s.2、They havent heard from him for a score of years.8.用在时间、条件状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前已完成。1、I will give my opinion after I have read through the book.2、Well set out at once if the rain has stopped.3、Ill tell him after you have left.在现在完成时中，终止动词若于forsince等延续状语连用，需把终止动词变为be动词等的适当形式。如：diebe dead join-be in

35、fall ill-be illfinishbe over leave/gobe away beginbe on make friendsbe friends become-be get ready-be readybuyget/have marrybe married(to)borrowkeep arrive/get to/reach/comebe in/be at/stay dressbe(dressed)in put onhave on/wear meetstay together1、He arrived in China in 19905 years ago.2、He has arriv

36、ed in China.3、he has been in china since 1990for five years.4、It is 5 years since he(has)arrived in china.5.She has left school for 15 years.She has been away from school for 15 years.6、She has married Jack since 1965。She has been married to Jack since 1965.7、borrowed the novel for several days.I ha

37、ve Kept the novel for several days.8、he has been in the army for 5 years.He has joined the army for 5 years。have/has been to/has been to与have/have/has gone to的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成进行时现在完成进行时用法例句表示过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至将来（强调进行的过程）1、He is ill.He has been lying in bed for three weeks.(动作会继续下去)2、She is ve

38、ry tired.She has been typing letters all day.3、Where have you been?He has been waiting for you all this morning.(动作刚刚结束)for 5 years。一直到现在为止的一段时间内一再反复进行的动作。1、All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.2、Jim has been phoning Jenny every might for several weeks.即学即用语法填空1His fi

39、rst novel_(receive)good reviews since it came out last month.答案：has received考查时态。句意：他的第一部小说自从上月出版以来就得到了好评。含有since时间状语的句子中，主句用现在完成时。2I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?Sorry,I _(play)the piano for years.答案：havent played考查时态的用法。答语意为：对不起，我不弹琴已经好多年了。故用现在完成时态。

40、3(2015北京卷，26改编)In the last few years，China_(make)great achievements in environmental protection.答案：has made考查现在完成时。当句中出现in/during the last/past一般时间时，主句用现在完成时。.语法填空1Can I sit at the table near the window?Im sorry,but it _(take)already.答案：has been taken考查时态的具体运用。根据句意可知，那张桌子已经被占用了，因此用现在完成时，并且table与take

41、为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用被动语态。2He _(be)Beijing,so he knows a lot about it.答案：has been to考查现在完成时。“have been to某地”，表示“曾经去过某地”；“have gone to某地”表示“已经去某地了，还没回来或正在途中”。3What happened to the saleswoman?We dont know.She _(not see)around here these days.答案：hasnt been seen由句中these days可以判断应用现在完成时，由语境知“她没有被看到”，故用现在完成时的被动语态

42、。4Have you called 120?Yes.As soon as I saw the accident,I called the doctors,but they _(not arrive)yet.答案：havent arrived根据句意可知，医生到现在为止还没来，因此用现在完成时。5Hes worked on the farm _two years ago.答案：since“since过去时间点”，也可用“for时间段”“for two years”与完成时连用。6I hear your sister _(be)to Japan twice.And she _(come)back

43、last week.答案：has been;came“去过某地已回来”用has been to，第二个空last week是一般过去时的时间状语，因此come用一般过去时。7Progress _(be)so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.答案：has been考查动词时态。so far“至今”，是与现在完成时连用的时间状语。8This information will be less _(confuse)if its produced in tabular form.答案：confusi

44、ngconfusing“令人困惑的；难懂的”，修饰事物；confused“感到困惑的，烦恼的”，修饰人。9If you want to see the play，youll have to queue _ tickets.答案：up forqueue up for“排队等候”，为固定搭配。10May I speak to your manager at three oclock tomorrow afternoon?Im sorry.He _(fly)to Shanghai by then.答案：will have flown由句中的时间状语three oclock tomorrow afternoon,by then可知，此处表示到将来的某个时间已经完成的动作，故用将来完成时态。