Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage【课件】-2020-2021学年高一英语精品课堂（牛津译林版2020必修第一册）.ppt

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1、Unit 4 Looking good,feeling goodGrammar and usageRestrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs1.What is a restrictive relative clause?A restrictive relative clause modifies a noun,pronoun or noun phrase before it.2.What can introduce a restrictive relative clause?We use relative pronouns or rel

2、ative adverbs to introduce restrictive relative clauses.Lead-in3.How do these words introduce a restrictive relative clause?We use who and whom for people,and which for things.We can use that for both things and people.We use whose to show possession.4.Could you split the underlined sentence into tw

3、o simple sentences?It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason why they should be worried.There is no reason.For the reason they should be worried.Lead-in5.Could you join the two sentences above?There is no reason for which they should be worried.6.What is“why”in sent

4、ence and what does it replace in sentence?In sentence,“why”is a relative adverb to introduce a restrictive relative clause.In this clause,“why”can replace“for which”in sentence.Lead-inDo you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good nights rest?One of the reasons why p

5、eople fail to get a good nights sleep is pressure from school or work.night is the time when their bodies grow faster.Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down.Exploring the rulesRule No.1:The relative adverb where refers to a place,the relative adve

6、rb when refers to(1)_,and the relative adverb why refers to(2)_.timereasonRule No.2:In more formal English,the relative adverbs where,when and why can be replaced by“preposition+(3)_”.Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good nights rest?Do you remember a time a

7、t which you had no worries stopping you from getting a good nights rest?One of the reasons why people fail to get a good nights sleep is pressure from school or work.One of the reasons for which people fail to get a good nights sleep is pressure from school or work.Exploring the ruleswhich night is

8、the time when their bodies grow faster.night is the time during which their bodies grow faster.Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations in which body development slows down Exploring the rule

9、sRule No.3:We use a preposition to begin a relative clause when the relative pronoun(which or whom)is the object of the preposition.We could expect good decisions from you.We thought you were such a person.We thought you were a person from whom we could expect good decisions.Exploring the rulesRule

10、No.4:In informal English,the preposition is usually at the end of the relative clause.Literature is a subject which I know little about.Rule No.5:If the preposition is at the end of the relative clause,whom and which can be replaced by that,and whom can also be replaced by who.Is this the play which

11、/that you were talking about just now?Dad is a person whom/that/who I can easily talk to.Exploring the rulesRule No.6:We often leave out which or whom in a relative clause when the relative pronoun is the object of the preposition and when the preposition is at the end of the relative clause.The sub

12、ject(which)Eric is interested in is Physics.Daniel is the person(whom)I want to make friends with.Exploring the rules1.Could you rewrite the sentences in B1 on Page 49 using a relative adverb or“preposition+which”?(1)The reason why/for which I did not perform well at school last week was my poor-qua

13、lity sleep.(2)I miss those days when/in which I used to sleep really well.(3)The hospital where/in which I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home.(4)I still remember that afternoon when/on which I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.Applying the rulesNote 1We usually

14、choose the preposition based on the customary collocation of verbs.He came to a farm on which he finally settled.The speed at which light travels is 3000,000 km per second.We usually choose the preposition based on the customary combination of antecedents.The colourless gas is called oxygen in which

15、 fires burn much better.The colourless gas is called oxygen without which we could not live.Applying the rules2.Could you complete the passage in B2 on Page 49 with correct relative pronouns or relative adverbs where necessary?Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep(1)_ we get is important t

16、o us.How can we get a better nights sleep?Here are some tips for you.(that/which)Applying the rulesTip 1:Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day.This helps set the bodys“clock”.Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend too,even though weekends are probably the time(2)_ yo

17、u feel like a lie-in.Tip 2:Make your bedroom a place(3)_ you feel comfortable.Your bedroom needs to be cool,dark and quiet so you can sleep soundly.when/at whichwhere/in whichApplying the rulesTip 3:Avoid drinks(4)_ may keep you from sleeping,such as coffee and tea.Tip 4:Clear your head of stress an

18、d worry from your day before bedtime.These negative thoughts are one reason(5)_ you stay awake after the light goes off.which/thatwhy/for whichApplying the rulesNote 2Restrictive relative clauses after the same antecedent are introduced by either relative pronouns or relative adverbs.Could you compl

19、ete the following sentences with proper relative pronouns,relative adverbs or“preposition+which”?Applying the rules(1)I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.(2)I will never forget the day _ I spent in Beijing.(3)The house _ we visited is being repaired now.(4)The house _ Lu Xun once li

20、ved is being repaired now.(5)The reason _ he didnt come to school yesterday is that he was ill.(6)The reason _ he gave isnt true.when/on which(which/that)(which/that)where/in whichwhy/for which(which/that)Applying the rulesNote 3We use the relative adverb where after nouns:point,policy,position,situ

21、ation,case,condition and so on.(1)You reach a point in your project where you just want to get the thing finished.(2)There are cases where this rule does not hold good.Applying the rulesWe use the relative adverb when after nouns:age,period,occasion,interval and so on.(1)At the age when other people

22、 retire,Francis began the greater cause in his life.(2)Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.Applying the rulesSometimes,antecedents are separated from relative nouns or relative adverbs.(1)There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.(2)A fast restau

23、rant is the place where,just as the name suggests,eating is performed quickly.Applying the rules3.Could you write a short paragraph about World Sleep Day based on the information in B3,using restrictive relative clauses where necessary?Applying the rulesSample answer:In a society where people are un

24、der a lot of pressure,sleep problems have become very common.That is the reason why World Sleep Day is celebrated every year on Friday of the second full week of March.Its aims are to make people understand the importance of good and healthy sleep and to draw societys attention to sleep problems.It is a time when people have discussions and give talks about the importance of healthy sleep.Applying the rules1.Go through the grammar notes on Pages 99100.2.Finish Part C on Page 76.Homework