Unit2 Grammar构词法 课件-外研版（2019版）高中英语必修一.ppt

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1、Unit 2 Word formationWord formationTeaching aims:1.To explore some rules of word formation.2.To improve the students abilities to guess the meanings of the words.3.To enlarge the students vocabulary.Activity 1 aNeitheristherepinenorappleinpineapple.bsculptasculpturecWhenweseerain,wecansay“itsraining

2、”dWHOdcbaREVIEW：Word formationWord formation1 abbreviating 缩写2 changing the part of speech 词性3 adding a prefix 前缀 or suffix 后缀4 combinng two or more wordsFinish exercises on the paper individually.Discuss exercises on the paper in groups.概述概述：把单词通过：把单词通过词性转化、合成或添加前缀、词性转化、合成或添加前缀、后缀后缀构成新词的方法，叫构词法构成新词

3、的方法，叫构词法在英语中在英语中,词的构成法主要有四种词的构成法主要有四种:合成、转化、派生、缩略合成、转化、派生、缩略一.派生法 1.概念：由词根加上词缀构成新词的方法叫做派生法。2.分类：词缀分为前缀和后缀。3.常见前缀1）a-意义:处在状态中 asleepaliveawake2)tele-意义：远距离的 telephone television telescope3)inter-意义：相互的 Internet international interact4）in-,im-,il-,ir-意义：不，无，非；把形容词变成反义词 informal independent impatient i

4、mpossible illegal illogical 5)un-意义：不，无，非，未；把形容词变成反义词 uncertainunpopularunimportant 6)dis-意义：不，非，相反；把形容词、动词变成反义词 disagreedisappear dishonest 7)non-意义：不，无，非；把名词变成反义词 non-stopnon-smoker non-profit 4.常见后缀1）-er/-or/-ar意义：做的人或物；词根为动作动词 baker cooker inventor actor beggarliar2）-ce意义：表行动或状况；动作名词化 difference

5、 preferenceappearance entrance3）-ion,-ation,-tion,-sion意义：的行为或状态；动作名词化 introduction suggestion information admission decision4）-ment 意义：的行为/结果；动作名词化 agreement development movement5)ness意义：状态/性质；形容词特征名词化 clevernesskindness weakness6)ure意义：过程/行动/结果；动作名词化 pleasure failure signature7）-ship意义：的状态/情况/关系/资

6、格 friendshipleadershiphardship8）-an,-ian意义：ian在某一领域有专长的人，an-地方的人 musician Europeanphysician9）-ist意义：从事某学科研究的人 artist physicist tourist10）-ess意义：女 actress waitress hostess11)y 意义：有特征的，充满的；名词变形容词 sunnyicytasty12）-al,-ial 意义：具有特性的；名词变形容词musicalmedicalnatural13）-ful意义：充满的，有倾向的；名词变形容词 careful successful

7、thankful14)less意义：无，不；名词变形容词 carelessuselesshomeless15）-ize意义：使化；形容词使动用法 realizeapologizepopularize16）-en意义：使变得；形容词使动用法 deepen shortenweaken二、转化法1.概念：转化法是指一个单词词形不变而改变词词性的构词法。2.转化方法：1）动词转化为名词 dress v.穿衣服 n.连衣裙 cook v.做饭n.厨师;smell v.闻起来 n.味道 2)名词转化为动词 book n.书 v.预定 ship n.船 v.船运 water n.水 v.浇水 hand n.

8、手 v.交给3)形容词转化为动词 slow a.慢的 v.减速 free a.自由的v.释放4)形容词转化为名词 safe a.安全的 n.保险箱 patient a.耐心的 n.病人5)形容词转化为副词 hard a.艰苦的/坚硬的/难得 ad.努力地/用力地 high a.高的，高地 ad.高度地 三、合成法 1.概念：合成法是指用两个或两个以上的词构成新词的构词法。2.分类：1）合成名词 bookstore highway reading room overcoat handwriting get-together(书店，高速公路，阅览室，外套，书法，聚会)2)合成形容词 形容词+名词+

9、-ed kind-hearted left-handed （心地善良的，左撇子的）副词+过去分词 well-known newly-married (著名的，新婚的)名词+现在分词 English-speaking peace-loving (说英语的，热爱和平的)名词+过去分词 manmade snow-covered (人造的，被雪覆盖的)3）合成副词 howevermaybeeverywhere 4)合成代词 something nobodyeverything 5)合成动词 sunbathe sleepwalk underline (沐日光浴，梦游，在 下划线)四、缩写和简写 缩略法，

10、即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。1.截头截头 telephone-phone /aeroplane-plane2.去尾去尾examination-exam/laboratory-lab 3.截头去尾截头去尾 refrigerator-fridgeinfluenze-flu 4.截取：截取：motel/sitcom/FedEx/smog/motor hotel/situation comedy/the federal express/smoke frog 5.首字母缩略法首字母缩略法即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两

11、种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。kilometers per hourVery Important Person identity card postscriptTesting of English as a Foreign Language (kph,VIP,ID card,PS,TOEFL)Activity 2penfriendwell-knownincorrectunhappyimprovementcalmpresentingWTOASAP rain(形容词形容词)_ agree(反义反义)_ nation(形容词形容词)_

12、farm(人人)_ recent(副词副词)_ friend(形容词形容词)_ hope(形容词形容词)_ job(形容词形容词)_ visit(名词名词)_ access(形容词形容词)_ eight(八十八十)_ true(名词名词)_ kind(名词名词)_ China(形容词形容词)_按括号内的要求改写下列单词按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreightykindnessdisagreefarmerfriendlyjoblessaccessibletruthChinesePractice(II)用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空

13、：用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Harry Potter is a boy who is full of _(imagine)2._(congratulate)!You have done so well in the game.3.I received a letter of _(invite)but I didnt accept it.4.His late _(arrive)made a mess of our plan.5.To the _(amaze)of the parents,their child can look after himself without their h

14、elp.6.He did exercise to _(strong)his muscles.7.I went out to _(breath)the fresh air.8.Dont take his words _(serious);he was just kidding.9.The boy felt _ (comfort)with his new classmates,so he seldom spoke.10.The _(popular)of foreign words is part of the Japanese interest in anything new.11.The boy

15、s _(usual)behavior puzzled the doctor.12.He _(like)those who are not well-behaved.13.He was _(formal)dressed in a blue silk shirt open to the neck.imaginationCongratulationsinvitation arrivalamazementstrengthen breatheseriouslyuncomfortablepopularityunusual dislikes informallyPractice(III)用括号中所给单词的用

16、括号中所给单词的否定否定形式填空：形式填空：1.It is _(legal)to drive after drinking alcohol.2._(lead)advertisement are not allowed by law.3.The _(expect)death of her son made her sad.4.He was scolded for his _(acceptable)behavior.5.If it is not _(convenient)to you,I should like to call on you tonight.6.He was unlucky.No

17、matter what he does,he was always _(succeed)7.It was _(polite)of you to leave without saying goodbye.8.I am afraid I have to _(agree)with you on the issue.9.Paralympic Games(残奥会残奥会)are held for the _(able).10.It was _(polite)of you to leave without saying goodbye.illegal Misleadingunexpectedunaccept

18、ableinconvenientunsuccessful impolite disagree disabled impoliteThanks for listening!Activity 1Can you find more examples of each type in the reading passage?1 abbreviating:IT,US2changing the part of speech:Whenweseesnow,wecansay“itssnowing”.3adding a prefix or suffix:paintpainting,hardhardly,softsoftly,harmharmless/harmful,shameshameless/shameful,visibleinvisible4combining two or more words:hamburger,eggplant,seasick,airsick,carsick,homesick,homework,housework