高考英语复习专题-阅读理解说明文8-10.docx

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1、P50:【2020新课标全国IIID 说明文】We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living a

2、t high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea

3、-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, theyve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal w

4、aters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amaz

5、ed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”In201, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could h

6、ave led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.32. What does the author want t

7、o tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.B. New knowledge of human evolution.C. Recent findings of human origin.D. Significance of food selection.33. Where do the Bajau build their houses?A. In valleys.B. Near rivers.C. On the beach.D. Off the coast.（海岸）

8、34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?A. They could walk on stilts all day.B. They had a superb way of fishing.C. They could stay long underwater.D. They lived on both land and water.35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at SeaB. Highlanders Su

9、rvival SkillsC. Basic Methods of Genetic ResearchD. The Worlds Best Divers笔记：evolution n. 进化; 进化论: Darwins theory of evolution 达尔文的进化论演化; 演进; 演变; 发展; 开展; 发育: the evolution of farming methods 耕种方法的演进evolve / vlv; vlv/ v. （使）逐渐形成; （指植物 动物等）进化He has evolved a new theory after many years of research. 他经

10、过多年的研究, 逐渐总结出了新的理论.Fish evolved from prehistoric sea creatures.revolve 旋转, 转动 My life revolves around my job. 我的工作是我生活的中心. The earth revolves round the sun (on its axis). 地球（以太阳为轴）绕太阳公转.revolutionn. 革命 the French Revolution, 法国大革命（1789年）In politics, evolution is better than revolution. 从政治方面来说, 演变比革

11、命好.P51:【2019新课标全国IC 说明文】As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they

12、 have come up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely(精确地, 准确地) measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like t

13、he force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected to regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It

14、also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the

15、device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near

16、future. 28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?A. Computers are much easier to operat

17、e.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person. D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?A. Itll be environment-friendly. B. Itll reach consumers soon. C. Itll be made of plastics. D. Itll help

18、speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary. B. A guidebookC. A novel. D. A magazine.笔记：adapt / dpt; dpt/ v 1) 适应（新环境等）: Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark. 我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗的环境.adaptable adj (a) 能适应的; 适应性强的: He is not very adaptable,2)（为电视 舞台等）改编或改写（稿本 The play was ed from a nov

19、el. 这戏剧是由小说改编而成的3) 使某事物适合於新的用途 情况等; 修改某事物: This machine has been specially adapted for use underwater. 这机器是为水下使用而特别改装的.These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes. 这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好.familiar / fml(r); fmlj/ adj. with sth 对某事物熟悉; 通晓 facts with which every schoolboy is familiar 小 学生都熟悉的事实 *

20、 I am not very familiar with botanical names. 我不太熟悉植物学方面的名称. (to sb) 为（某人）所熟知的; 经常见到或听到的facts that are familiar to every schoolboy 小学生都熟悉的事实similaradj. 相似的; 类似的: We have similar tastes in music. 我们在音乐方面爱好相似.be (to sb/sth)Gold is similar in colour to brass. 金与黄铜的颜色相似.Similarity n. 相似; 类似points of sim

21、ilarity between the two men 这两人的相似之点.P52:【2019新课标全国ID 议论文】During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose i

22、n the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable a

23、nd the status seekers. The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start（发起，启动） interpersonal skills and, when tapped（发掘） early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power an

24、d even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one stu

25、dy, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who w

26、ere high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness carry over to later years and make y

27、ou better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new ki

28、nds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,” he said.被人喜欢为学习和获得新的生活经验创造了机会，帮助人们获得优势32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.33.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The classification of the popul

29、ar.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.34. What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They

30、performed well academically.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Be NiceYou Wont Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Better C. Be the BestYou Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness笔记：mean 1 / min; min/ v. (pt, pp meant / ment; mnt/) sth (to sb) 意指某事; 意思是These symbols mean

31、nothing to me. 这些符号我完全不明白是什麽意思.The flashing lights mean that the road is blocked. 那闪动的灯光表示此路不通.What do you by your boast?. 你这样自夸是什么意思?mean doing 意味着 This new order will mean (us) working overtime. 这一新定单意味着（我们）得加班加点.mean to do sth 打算做Ive been meaning to ask you if you want to come for a meal next week.I didnt mean to upset you.She s to be a pianist. 她打算当一名钢琴家mean 2 / min; min/ adj. 1) (-er, -est) 吝啬的; 自私的（尤指金钱方面Shes too mean to make a donation. 她很小气, 不肯捐款.Dont be so mean to your little brother! 别对你弟弟那麽刻薄!2) 刻毒的; 邪恶的: He looks like a mean character. 他看上去不似善类.