2023届新教材新高考英语外研版一轮学案-语法专项突破专题四第四讲　特殊句式.docx

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1、第四讲特殊句式典例感悟答题微点1.(2018全国卷)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.2(全国卷)It could be anythinggardening，cooking，music，sports but whatever it is， (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than

2、another thing to worry about.解题步骤第1步：分析句式结构，确定是何种特殊句式。第2步：根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。1.解析：feeding考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定者提供了很有用的经验。空处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略了China is。根据省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词时，可把从句中主语和be动词一起省略，故填feeding。2解析：make考查祈使句。句意：它可以是园艺、烹饪、听音乐、做运动等任何

3、事情，但无论是什么，务必保证它是让你释放日常压力的，而不是让你担忧的事。分析句子结构可知，并列连词but连接两个句子。第二个句子中whatever引导让步状语从句，其后应该是主句。祈使句可以充当主句，故该空填动词原形作谓语。重点一强调句式1强调句式的常用结构陈述句：It is/was被强调部分that/who .一般疑问句：Is/Wasit被强调部分that/who .?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat .?It is/was not until .that .It is only by listening to and understanding each other that

4、 problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解，孩子和父母之间的问题才可能被解决。Was it yesterday that you met your old friend in the supermarket?你是昨天在超市遇到你的老朋友的吗？2强调谓语强调谓语动词时，要在所强调的谓语动词前加助动词do，does或did。The family did manage to send him to a technical school.家里的确设法让他上技术学校。重点二倒装 1在下列情形下需要使用部分倒装(1)当

5、否定词或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，常用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little，few，never，seldom，rarely，by no means，not only，not until，at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，in no way，no sooner，hardly，scarcely等。Not only will help be given to people to find jobs，but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it

6、.不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些有需要的人提供药物治疗。(2)当only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，用部分倒装。Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你找到内心的平静时你才能与他人保持良好的关系。(3)so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装。They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些身有残疾的人也是如此

7、。(4)在so/such . that .结构中，当“so形容词/副词”或“such名词”位于句首时，用部分倒装。So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他说英语说得如此清晰，以致别人都能听得懂。(5)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。Hard as they tried, they couldnt make her change her mind.尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改

8、变主意。2在下列情形下需要使用完全倒装(1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。The moment the bell rang, out rushed the children.铃一响，孩子们冲了出去。(2)当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。Next door to ours live a foreign couple，who seem to have

9、 settled into life in China.我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇，他们看起来已经习惯了中国的生活。重点三祈使句及其他1祈使句祈使句表“请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告”等。基本结构为：“动词(短语)原形连词句子(一般用将来时)”。有时为了加强感情色彩或特别指明向谁发出命令或要求时，可以加上you，Mary，girls等作为称呼。Tom, water the flowers today!汤姆，今天浇花！2反意疑问句反意疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分用陈述句形式，后一部分是一个附加在前一部分上的简单问句，本着“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则，附加问句部分的动词以及主语取决于陈述句。Your

10、parents had a long talk with you last weekend, didnt they?你的父母上周末和你进行了一次长谈，是吗？注意：祈使句的反意疑问句一般用will you或者wont you的形式。Lets开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用shall we；Let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you。3There .结构(1)There be/stands/lies .有(2)There is no possibility that .没有可能性(3)There is no sense in doing sth.做没有意义(4)There seems to

11、be .看起来似乎(5)There is no need to do sth.做某事没有必要The Public Square is an eyecatching sight of the city. There stand many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点。许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。4感叹句(1)what引导的感叹句Whata/anadj.单数可数名词(主语谓语)!What a good heart you have!你的心肠真好！Whatadj.不可数名词/可数名词复数！What i

12、nteresting stories hes told us!他给我们讲的故事真有趣！(2)how引导的感叹句Howadj./adv.(主语谓语)! How clever the boy is!这男孩真聪明！Howadj.a/an单数可数名词(主语谓语)!How clever a boy he is！这男孩真聪明！题组微练单句写作1(2021新高考全国卷)In my memory, it is Youth that accompanies me through my whole high school.在我记忆中，是Youth陪伴我度过了整个高中生涯。2(2019天津卷)The profess

13、or warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.教授警告学生在他的课上决不能使用手机。3Not until recently did they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区发展与旅游相关的项目。4. (2020全国卷)What a wonderful time we had!我们度过了多么美好的时光啊！5(2020全国卷) Ha

14、rdly had we arrived at the farm when we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.我们刚到农场，就看到许多桔子挂满枝头。单句语法填空1(2018天津卷改编)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.解析：that考查强调句。强调句型结构为：It is/ was 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语) that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人) 其他部分。本题强调时间状语onl

15、y when the car pulled up in front of our house.2(2018北京卷改编)In any unsafe situation, simply (press)the button and a highlytrained agent will get you the help you need.解析：press考查祈使句。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子。3(2018新课标卷语法填空)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citize

16、ns “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.” says the banks Juergen Voegele.解析：feeding考查省略句。while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词都省略。4. Only when Lily walked into the office she realize that she had left the contract at

17、home.解析：did考查only位于句首，引导的时间状语从句，主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意可知用一般过去时。5If (accept) for the job，youll be informed soon.解析：accepted条件状语从句中省略了主语you，与accept构成被动关系，用过去分词accepted。6Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.解析：that强调句与not until 连用，It be not until.

18、that.。7John has not yet passed the driving test，and neither Henry.解析：has否定副词neither置于句首，后面的主谓语需“部分倒装”，根据前半句的谓语动词has.passed(现在完成时)和该分句的主语Henry，可推知设空处答案为has。8Look, a beautiful garden! I hope I have the same one. 解析：what考查感叹句。用what修饰中心名词garden。语法填空(2020广东七校联合体第二次联考)The origin of tea is lost among histo

19、ry and tales. 1. can be roughly confirmed is that tea originated in the southwest of China. According to ancient stories, the first person 2. (discover) the effects of tea is said to be Shennong 3. ancient figure devoted to agriculture and herbal medicine in China. Shennong once tried 74 different k

20、inds of poisonous plants in a day and he 4. (lie) on the ground, barely alive. At this moment, he noticed several rather fragrant 5. (leaf) dropping from the tree beside him. Out 6. curiosity and habit, Shennong put those fragrant ones into his mouth and chewed 7. (they) slowly. After a little while

21、, he felt well and 8. (energy) again, so he picked more to eat and thus cleared poison off his body.The ancient Chinese medical book called Shennong Bencaojing states that “Tea tastes bitter. Drink it，9. you will think quicker, move more swiftly and even see more clearly.” This is the 10. (early) bo

22、ok to record the medicinal effects of tea.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。据古代故事记载，第一个发现茶叶功效的人是神农。文章主要介绍了神农发现茶叶及其功效的经过。1解析：What考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导主语从句，同时在从句中作主语，表示“的事物”，故用what来引导该从句。2解析：to discover考查非谓语动词。被only，the first，the second，the last，the next或其他序数词和最高级修饰的名词，常用不定式作定语。故填to discover。3解析：an考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，3. ancien

23、t figure作Shennong的同位语，表示一个古代人物，应用不定冠词修饰，且ancient的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。4解析：lay考查时态。根据该句中的“once tried”可知，此处的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。5解析：leaves考查名词单复数。leaf意为“叶子”，为可数名词，且根据该词前的修饰词several可知，此处要用其复数形式。6解析：of考查介词。“out of curiosity”意为“出于好奇”，为固定用法，符合语境。7解析：them考查代词。动词chewed后面要接人称代词的宾格形式作宾语，故填them。8解析：energetic考查词性转换。该句中的“felt”为系动词，后接形容词作表语。故填energetic。9解析：and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，此处前后为逻辑上的顺承关系，故用连词and。10解析：earliest考查形容词最高级。根据其前的“the”并结合语境可知，此处表示神农本草经是最早记载茶叶的药用功效的著作。故填earliest。