2023届新教材新高考英语外研版一轮学案-语法专项突破专题二第一讲　词性转换.docx

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1、专题二 需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词第一讲词性转换典例感悟答题微点1.(2021全国卷甲)We stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their (day) routines.2(2021全国卷乙)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become (educate)about the area

2、sboth in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation.3(2020北京卷)Because of the confidence she inspired in me, Ive carved out a (success) profession as a journalist.4(2020新高考全国卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, (wealth) people travelled and c

3、ollected plants, historical objects and works of art.5(2019全国卷)They also shared with us many (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were (huge) popular with tourists.语法填空解题“2策略”1利用句子成分确定词性(1)如果要填的词在句中作主语、宾语或表语要考虑名词形式。(2)如果要填的词作定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语补足语，要想到用形容词；如果作状语，要想到用副词。2根据修饰词或被修饰词确定词性(1)如果要填的词被形容词、定冠词或形容

4、词性物主代词修饰，此时要考虑用名词形式。(2)如果要填的词修饰名词，要想到用形容词；如果修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，要想到用副词。1.解析：daily考查词性转换。此处修饰名词routines应用day的形容词作定语，故填daily。2解析：educated考查词性转换。此处固定搭配become educated about表示“对有所了解”。3解析：successful考查词性转换。 profession为名词， 意为“职业”，故应用形容词修饰名词，故填successful。4解析：wealthy考查词性转换。根据设空处后面的名词people可知，这里应用形容词wealthy修饰。5解

5、析：traditional；hugely第1空，考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional；第2空，考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。所填词修饰形容词popular，故应用huge的副词形式hugely。be hugely popular with非常受欢迎。重点一名词与其他词类的词性转换(一)形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshortshortage不足；短缺cyfluentfluency流利；流畅accurateaccuracy 准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密domfreefreedom自由；自主wis

6、ewisdom 明智；智慧encedifferentdifference差异silentsilence 沉默nessweakweakness虚弱；弱点carelesscarelessness 粗心大意darkdarkness 黑暗thstrongstrength力气；强项warmwarmth 温暖；热情widewidth 宽度ytyitydifficultdifficulty困难cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴disabledisability 无能；残疾responsibleresponsibility 责任 (二)动词变名词的后缀后缀例词alapproveapproval赞成；批准ar

7、rivearrival 到来；到达survivesurvival 幸存anceappearappearance出现；外貌guideguidance 指引；指导performperformance 表演；节目enceexistexistence存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱referreference 参考；查阅ionattractattraction吸引educateeducation 教育graduategraduation 毕业ationexpectexpectation期待；期望explainexplanation 解释starvestarvation 挨饿invite

8、invitation 邀请；请柬(s)siondiscussdiscussion讨论；辩论decidedecision 决定admitadmission 接纳；准许入学inghearhearing听力；听觉beginbeginning 开始mentachieveachievement功绩；成就argueargument 辩论；论据equipequipment 设备ure turepresspressure压力mixmixture 混合；混合物departdeparture 离开；出发yrecoverrecovery 恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现其他growgrowth成长

9、；发展choosechoice 选择varyvariety 多样化；种类tendtendency 趋向；趋势(三)表示“人”的名词后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后缀有：后缀例词erreportreporter记者strangestranger 陌生人orvisitvisitor游客directdirector 导演arlieliar说谎者begbeggar 乞讨者，乞丐eeemployemployee雇员interviewinterviewee 参加面试者esshosthostess女主人actactress 女演员ianmusicmusi

10、cian音乐家politicspolitician 政治家istartartist艺术家sciencescientist 科学家antparticipateparticipant参加者assistassistant 助手，图书管理员题组微练单句语法填空1(2021陕西省重点中学模拟) On this day，thousands of people all around the world reached out to make a new positive (connect) with others. 解析：connection考查词性转换。根据空前的“make a new positive”

11、和空后的“with others”可知，此处填名词connection “联系” 作make的宾语。2(2021长春市质量监测) Individuals who throw away their garbage without sorting it can be fined up to 200 yuan，while companies and (organize) can face fines up to 5,000 yuan.解析：organizations考查词性转换。空处与名词companies并列，表示不止一个组织，故此处用名词复数。3(2021贵阳市适应性考试)The tactics

12、 represent the (wise) of Chinese people. They are not only useful on the battlefield but also useful for business and personal life.解析：wisdom考查词性转换。根据空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，空处应为名词，所以填wisdom。4(2021合肥市第一次质检)A painting with a (long) of 1014.37 meters has received a Guinness World Record title for the longe

13、st drawing by an individual artist.解析：length考查词性转换。此处表示一幅长达1014.37米的画作，根据空前的“a”和空后的“of”可知，此处应用名词，a length of .“长达”，所以填length。重点二形容词、副词的前后缀(一)形容词变副词的后缀规则示例一般情况加lyslowslowly 缓慢地commoncommonly 普通地immediateimmediately 立刻地以“辅音字母y”结尾，将y改为i然后加lysteadysteadily稳定地busybusily 繁忙地heavyheavily 沉重地healthyhealthil

14、y 健康地以le结尾，去掉e加ysimplesimply简单地gentlegently 温柔地possiblepossibly 可能地probableprobably 可能地以ic结尾，加allyeconomiceconomically经济地scientificscientifically 科学地常考且易拼错的副词rudely，truly，politely，widely，nicely，closely，fortunately，surprisingly，increasingly，hurriedly，shyly(二)动词、名词变形容词的后缀后缀例词ableacceptacceptable可接受的co

15、mfortcomfortable 舒适的suitsuitable 合适的aloriginoriginal最初的centercentral 中央的；中心的naturenatural 自然的；天生的fuldoubtdoubtful怀疑的harmharmful 有害的peacepeaceful 和平的successsuccessful 成功的edscarescared感到恐惧的confuseconfused 感到困惑的puzzlepuzzled 迷惑的borebored 感到厌倦的ingsurprisesurprising令人惊讶的satisfysatisfying 令人满意的boreboring

16、令人厌烦的ibleaccessaccessible容易达到的；容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible 可怕的iveattractattractive有吸引力的impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的instructinstructive 有教育意义的expenseexpensive 昂贵的ouscontinuecontinuous不断的；持续的anxietyanxious 忧虑的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome 麻烦的yt

17、astetasty美味的；可口的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的rainrainy 有雨的sunsunny 阳光明媚的erneasteastern东方的；向东的westwestern 西方的；向西的ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的icsciencescientific科学的economyeconomic 经济的historyhistoric 历史上著名的aryimagineimaginary想象中的题组微练单句语法填空1(2021昆明市模拟) David Katz was upset by all the p

18、lastic going into the ocean.To help solve the problem，he had a (create) ideato treat plastic like money.解析：creative考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词idea，应用形容词形式，所以填creative。2(2019北京卷) Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and its never too early to

19、 make necessary preparations for a healthy and (meaning) college experience.解析：meaningful考查形容词。用形容词修饰名词college experience。3(2020全国卷) As the small boat moved (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.解析：gently考查副词。修饰动词moved应使用副词。4(2020湖北高三八

20、校二联) What is driving this (grow) in veganism? It is because people want to protect the environment.解析：growth考查名词。句意：为何纯素食主义如此受欢迎？空前由this修饰，与this一起作drive的宾语，要用grow的名词形式growth。重点三变动词的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀enlargeenlarge扩大richenrich 使充实；使丰富dangerendanger 危及courageencourage 鼓励后缀enbroadbroaden使变宽riperipen 使成熟shar

21、psharpen 使尖锐widewiden 加宽deepdeepen 加深darkdarken 使变暗ifyclassclassify把分类simplesimplify 简化beautybeautify 美化后缀izeapologyapologize道歉memorymemorize 记住realrealize 认识到；实现题组微练单句语法填空1(2019浙江卷) Besides, what you told me about your country (broad) my horizons and aroused my interest in foreign culture.解析：broade

22、ned考查时态。句意：另外，你和我讲述的关于你们国家的情况会拓宽我的视野，唤起我对外国文化的兴趣。分析句子结构可知，设空处为谓语动词。根据句意可知，所述事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。broad为形容词，加后缀en构成动词。2(2019全国卷) The purpose of the HUNCH program is to (sharp) students communication skills.解析：sharpen考查词性转换。句意：这个程序的目的是提高学生的沟通能力。空前的to为不定式符号，因此空处应填动词，sharp为形容词，其动词形式为在其后加上en。重点四转化法转化法是由一种词类转化

23、为一种或几种词类的构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。转化例词注意名词动词face(n.脸v.面对)shoulder(n.肩v.肩负)water(n.水v.浇水)back(n.背v.支持)name(n.名字v.命名)high，deep，wide用作副词时表示具体，而highly，deeply，widely表示抽象动词名词look(v./n.)看try(v./n.)尝试dream(v./n.)梦想chat (v./n.)聊天形容词动词empty(adj.空的v.倒空)slow(adj.慢的v.减慢)dirty(adj.脏的v.弄脏)warm(adj.暖的v

24、.使变暖)形容词副词hard(adj.难的adv.努力)high(adj.高的adv.高)deep(adj.深的adv.深)wide(adj.宽的adv.宽)题组微练单句语法填空1(2021太原市高三模拟)No matter how (hard) I tried, I couldnt understand clearly what my English teachers or native speakers said.解析：hard考查副词。句意：不管我怎么努力，我还是不明白我的英语老师和母语人士说了什么。设空处与其前的No matter how一起修饰I tried，应用副词形式，hard本

25、身即为副词，意为“努力地”，故填原形hard。2(2021石家庄阶段性训练)I (high) recommend you visit the Mei Lanfang Grand Theater to see a Peking Opera show.解析：highly考查副词。句意：我强烈建议你去梅兰芳剧院看京剧表演。设空处修饰动词recommend，应用所给词的副词形式。故填highly。.单句语法填空1(2021新高考全国卷)But thats how nature is always leaving us (astonish)解析：astonished考查形容词。此处是“leave宾语宾语

26、补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用ed结尾形容词。2(2021浙江卷1月)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed (sharp). 解析：sharply考查副词。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrow，故用sharp的副词形式sharply。3(2021衡水中学模拟)There is also no (evident) that protein from a powder or bar can improve ath

27、letic performance any more than protein from food.解析：evidence考查名词。句意：也没有证据表明粉末或棒状物中的蛋白质比食物中的蛋白质更能提高运动成绩。固定句型There is no evidence that .意为“没有证据证明”。该句中no后面用名词，名词后面是that引导的同位语从句。4I feel proud that our Chinese culture attracts many people from different cultures. The performance was very (impress)解析：imp

28、ressive考查形容词。根据语境可知，表演非常令人难忘。根据句意可知该处用形容词作表语。5(2021广州市综合检测)Now he and his Chinese friends are using drones (无人机) (film) the Great Wall, which provides a (complete) new and fascinating perspective.解析：to film；completely第1空考查非谓语动词。use sth. to do sth.“用做”是固定用法，此处不定式作目的状语，所以填to film；第2空考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为

29、副词，修饰形容词new，所以填completely。6(2021山西省重点中学高三联考)Young kids want to improve (fit) and learn Chinese culture, adults take classes to relieve stress brought by work, and retired people practice it to prevent health problems.解析：fitness考查名词。本空作动词improve的宾语，故填名词形式。fitness“健康”。7(2021济南市质量评估)Smells from cookies

30、 baking in the kitchen or the smell of a homemade dish can bring back (amaze) memories of growing up.解析：amazing考查形容词。此处表示“令人惊讶的记忆”，应用形容词修饰名词memories；amazing意为“令人惊讶的”，修饰物；amazed意为“大为惊奇的”，修饰人。故填amazing。.语法填空(2021安徽部分重点中学高三联考)Experiences are acquired through our journey in life；we choose and create our

31、 beliefs, fears and opinions 1. (base) on all our experiences in life. Even though things and life are the way they are, we all have different opinions about everything and everybody. Other people have opinions about us too. But 2. really matters is the opinion we have about 3. (we). You either choo

32、se to accept and follow what other people believe 4. decide to be yourself and live according to the reality of life.5 living life as it is and being yourself, you create an image about yourself. It is extremely important 6. (understand) how this image, created by your beliefs and imagination, direc

33、ts and influences your 7. (grow). This image that you create about yourself 8. (determine) who you are and how you feel；it determines how successful you become in life. Everything starts in the mind. If you really want to accomplish your dreams, picture yourself having and living the life you want.

34、Believe in yourself and be 9. (confidence)! It doesnt matter how bad or difficult the 10. (circumstance) may look like. In short, you are as happy or sad as you see yourself.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们的经历、信仰和个人形象之间的关系以及个人形象的重要性。我们的经历决定了我们的个人观点，我们的个人观点又创造出我们的个人形象。人生中最重要的就是我们对自己的看法与态度。1解析：based考查非谓语动词。“be

35、based on”是固定用法，意为“以为依据”。此处“our beliefs, fears and opinions”与base为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式based。2解析：what考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“的事物”，故填what。注意：that引导主语从句时，在从句中不充当成分。3解析：ourselves考查代词。此处表示“我们对自己的看法”，故填反身代词ourselves。4解析：or考查固定搭配。“either . or .”是固定搭配，意为“要么要么”，符合语境。5解析：By考查介词。此处表示通过过真实的生活，做你自己， 你创造了

36、一个关于你自己的形象。故用介词by, 意为“通过”。6解析：to understand考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语的用法。故填to understand。7解析：growth考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空前的形容词性物主代词your的后面应跟名词。故填growth。8解析：determines考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处应与上下文用的一般现在时保持一致，且句子的主语是第三人称单数。故填determines。9解析：confident考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空前的系动词be后应跟形容词作表语。故填confident。10解析：circumstances考查名词的单复数。根据语境可知，此处表示各种情况。故填circumstances。