2023届新教材新高考英语外研版一轮学案-语法专项突破专题四第二讲　名词性从句.docx

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1、第二讲名词性从句典例感悟答题微点1.(2020浙江卷7月)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.2.(2021福州市适应性练习)However, the fact is bats play a significant role in keeping a balanced ecosystem.3.(2021河南高三5月质检)

2、And we do now is to deal with the plastic that causes great damage to our sea life.4.(2021安徽黄山二模)While visiting Hangzhous West Lake and its surrounding beautiful hills, youll understand its been a great source of inspiration for artists, poems and philosophers throughout Chinese history.语法填空解题“3步骤”1

3、.根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。2.一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，用连接代词；若缺少状语就用连接副词。3.如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。1.解析：what考查名词性从句。根据语法结构可知，what引导宾语从句，作on的宾语，由于该宾语从句中缺少主语，同时空处表示“的事物”，故填what。2解析：that考查名词性从句。句意：然而，事实是蝙蝠在保持生态系统平衡方面起着重要的作用。分析句子结构可知，此处引导表

4、语从句，连接词在从句中不作句子成分，所以填that。3解析：what考查名词性从句。句意：而我们现在要做的就是处理掉那些对海洋生物造成严重损害的塑料。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个主语从句，从句缺少宾语，故此处用连接代词what。4解析：why考查名词性从句。句意：当你游览杭州西湖及周围美丽的群山时，你就会懂得为什么在中国历史中那个地方一直是画家、诗人和哲学家的灵感之源。宾语从句中缺少原因状语。故填why。重点一主语从句1引导主语从句的词有：连接词that，whether；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词 when，wh

5、ere，why，how。When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.延迟的飞机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出是亲姐妹。What struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.影片中最打动我的是父亲对儿子深厚的爱。易混辨析whet

6、her与if引导主语从句的区别：主语从句位于主句谓语动词前，表示“是否”，只能用whether而不能用if引导；若用it作形式主语，则if与whether可互换。Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.我们能否有干净的饮用水依赖于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put

7、 into practice.这一想法能否付诸实施还有待观察。2it作形式主语的主语从句(1)it作形式主语，从属连词that引导的从句作真正的主语。It isnt likely that I should accept such an offer as that.我不可能接受像那样的帮助。Its no wonder that he didnt want to go.难怪他不想去。It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。It suddenly occurred to h

8、er that Joe was afraid of being alone.她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人呆着。(2)it作形式主语，连接代词、连接副词或whether/if引导的主语从句作真正的主语。It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。It is not immediately clear whether/if the financi

9、al crisis will soon be over.经济危机是否会很快结束，短时间内不会很明显。题组微练单句语法填空1(2020江苏卷)It is not a problem we can win the battle; its just a matter of time.解析：whether 考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，It是形式主语，空处引导主语从句，表示“是否”，故填whether。2(2021郑州市第三次质检) But perhaps many tourists and San Franciscans treasur

10、e most about Chinatown is its food.解析：what考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，表示“的事物”，所以填what。3(2021合肥市第三次质检)It is estimated coral reefs contribute billions of dollars to the world economy annually, providing food, protection of shorelines, and jobs.解析：that考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，It在句中作形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句结构和意义完整，所以填that。

11、重点二表语从句1引导表语从句的词有：连接词that，whether；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how，从句用陈述语序。Id like to start my own businessthats what Id do if I had the money.我愿意自己创业那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。2as if/as though引导的表语从句as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在be动词，seem，look，taste，sound，feel，appear等动词之后。The th

12、ick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市。好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。3because，why引导的表语从句because，why也可引导表语从句，但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause(该结构常用that引导)。常用于以下句型：(1)This is because . 这是因为(强调原因)(2)The reason why .is that .的原因是(3)That is why . 那就

13、是的原因(强调结果)From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%被水所覆盖。The reason why he didnt pass the exam was that he was too careless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。名师点津常见的表语从句句型：(1)It looks/seems as if . 好像；仿佛The question/proble

14、m is whether/when/where . 问题是(2)His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that .他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是(3)what从句bethat从句What surprised us most was that he came late again.最让我们惊讶的是他又迟到了。题组微练单句语法填空1(2020湖北八校二联) Another reason is many of todays young people believe its wrong to kill animals for food.解析：that考查表语从句。句意：

15、另一个原因是，今天的许多年轻人认为为了食物而杀死动物是错误的。分析句子可知，本句是表语从句，表语从句中不缺少成分，只缺少一个引导词，此时要用that引导表语从句。2(2018北京卷)This is my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.解析：what考查表语从句。句意：这就是父亲教给我的永远面对困难并寄予最大的希望。根据句意可知，表语从句中taught me后缺少直接宾语“教会了我什么”，因此用what引导。重点三宾语从句1that连接宾语从句时通常可以省略(但多个并列的宾语从句中只能省

16、略第一个that)，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只是起连接作用。what引导时，在从句中充当成分，且有意义。Im writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference.我写信是想告诉你，我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。2在whether/if连接的宾语从句中，whether/if意为“是否”，但在whether . or not结构中，或者whether引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时，以及whetherto do结构中和whether引导的从句作少数动词(如leave，put，discus

17、s，doubt，know等)的宾语时，只能用whether，不能用if来替换。Weve offered her the job，but I dont know whether shell accept it.我们已经为她提供了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。I dont know whether to set off for Beijing or not.我不知道是否出发去北京。3连接代词、连接副词引导宾语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。We promise whoever attends the party will have a chance to have a photo ta

18、ken with the movie star.我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。4有些动词或动词短语，如like，hate，appreciate，depend on，see to等，一般不直接跟从句，需要借助it。You may depend on it that she will go with you.你可以相信她会与你一起去。5当主句的主语是第一人称时，在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就运用否定转移，将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上。I dont believe she will attend the meet

19、ing.我认为她不会来参加该会议。6it作形式宾语，真正的宾语后置，常用此种结构的及物动词有find，make，think，feel，consider等。I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.我发现我们在危险中保持镇静是很重要的。题组微练单句语法填空1(2020天津卷)The student completed this experiment to make come true Professor Joseph had said.解析：what考查宾语从句。句意：这个学生完成了这个实验，使约瑟夫教授所说的变成了现实。此处需

20、要用what引导宾语从句。2(2019北京卷) What students do at college seems to matter much more than they go.解析：where考查宾语从句。在介词than 后用where 引导宾语从句，where在从句中作状语。此处表示“学生在大学里做什么事似乎远比在哪里上大学更加重要”。3(2018全国卷) Im not sure is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.解析：who考查宾语从句。分析句

21、子成分，空处作宾语从句的主语，联系下文中“me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)”可知此处作者把自己和大猩猩作对比，“我不知道我和大猩猩谁更害怕”。故填who。重点四同位语从句1同位语从句通常用that引导，that无词义也不作成分，但是不能省略，从句用陈述语序。同位语从句还可用whether，when，where，why，how等引导。2接同位语从句的常见名词：fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等。I made a promise to my

22、self that this year，my first year in high school，would be different.我对自己做出承诺：今年，是我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。I have no idea where the journalist could have got his information from.我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的消息。题组微练单句语法填空1(2019全国卷)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoun

23、dland. While they are rare north of 88， there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.解析：that考查同位语从句。本句含有一个同位语从句，解释了名词evidence “证据” 的具体内容，空处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义，故填连接代词that。2(2021湖北部分重点中学联考)This should serve as a warning people should be aware of their

24、surroundings, especially when crossing roads.解析：that考查同位语从句。warning后是同位语从句，设空处后面的句子无论是结构还是意思都是完整的，设空处所填的词只起连接作用，没有任何实际意义。故填that。.单句语法填空1(2020北京卷)Oliver says if you are lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them you can join in when its possible.解析：if/whether考查宾语从句。分析句子成分可

25、知，ask them后是宾语从句，从句成分完整。根据句意可知此处需要表达“是否”的含义，因此填if/whether。2(2022济宁检测)It remains to be seen the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.解析：whether考查主语从句。it作形式主语，真正的主语是所填词引导的主语从句，该主语从句不缺成分；由语境中的remains to be seen可知，“是否实施新政策”还有待观察，所以此处要用whether。3Mom often phones me，asking I am getting a

26、long with my studies.解析：how考查宾语从句。asking后为宾语从句，根据句意可知，应用how，表示“如何”。4The notice came around two oclock in the afternoon the meeting would be put off.解析：that考查同位语从句。该从句解释说明The notice的具体内容。5Maybe all Americans realize that they expect to be the next president will face masses of problems.解析：whoever考查名词

27、性从句。that they expect to be the next president will face masses of problems是宾语从句， they expect to be the next president在从句中作主语，再结合句意可知空处表示“无论谁”，故用whoever。6It is announced in todays newspaper the president will pay a visit to China next week.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the gettogether.解析：tha

28、t考查固定句型。It is announced that.“据宣布”。故填that。7Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing she was heading.解析：where考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词knowing的宾语，且从句中缺少地点状语，故应用where引导。.语法填空Ballet is a formal kind of dance performance with a rich and interesting history.The word “ballet” comes f

29、rom the French language，and 1. (be) based on the Italian word “balletto”“Balletto” means a little dance.Ballets early roots began in Italy in the late 1400s.But it was in France 2. ballet developed into the form we know today.The French ruler Louis the Fourteenth had a big influence 3. the direction

30、 of ballet in its early history.He ruled France for seventytwo years，4. (start) in 1643.He started dancing as a boy and worked hard daily.Louis the Fourteenth turned ballet into a form of dance that reflected 5. (he) power and influence.Ballets many rules and 6. (extreme) detailed movements expresse

31、d a persons power and social relations.The king made sure that ballet became a 7. (require) for the people of his court.He also started the Royal Academy of Dance，8. important people could learn this art.The aim of this dance was selfcontrol，order and perfection.Ballet slowly changed from a dance at

32、 the kings court to one 9. (perform)by professional dancers.When Louis the Fourteenth died in 1715，ballet 10. (bring) to other parts of Europe and was developing in other ways.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。芭蕾舞的发展经历了一段有趣的历史，法国国王路易十四将芭蕾舞列为宫廷艺术，并制定了严格的规则；路易十四去世后，芭蕾舞开始在欧洲传播开来。1解析：is考查时态和主谓一致。本句的主语The word “ballet”为单数，

33、且本句前半句用的是一般现在时，此处也应用一般现在时。故填is。2解析：that考查强调句型。此处考查“It was被强调部分that句子其他部分”强调句型，强调地点状语“in France”。3解析：on/upon考查介词。influence意为“影响”，其后接on/upon表示“对有影响”。4解析：starting考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词start和其逻辑主语“He”构成主谓关系，故用start的现在分词形式。5解析：his考查代词。根据语境及空后的名词短语“power and influence”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his。6解析：extremely考查词性转换。修

34、饰形容词“detailed”要用副词extremely。7解析：requirement考查词性转换。根据该空前的冠词“a”并结合语境可知，此处应填名词形式。8解析：where考查关系副词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the Royal Academy of Dance”，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该从句。9解析：performed考查过去分词。根据空后的“by professional dancers”可知，此处表示被专业舞者表演。故填performed。10解析：was brought考查时态和语态。根据该句中的“in 1715”可知，此处应用一般过去时，且此处表示路易十四去世后，芭蕾舞被传播到欧洲其他地方。故填was brought。