2023届新教材老高考英语人教版一轮习题-选择性必修第二册unit1　scienceandscientists.docx

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1、【基础达标练】基础默写.单词背诵阅读词汇词义默写1raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的2substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的3statistic npl.统计数字；统计资料；统计学4protein n蛋白质5cell n细胞；小房间；单间牢房6virus n病毒7framework n框架；结构8solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n固体9cast vt.(cast，cast)投射；向投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷10leadership n领导；领导地位；领导才能11trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n痕迹；遗迹；踪迹12besides prep.除之

2、外(还) adv.而且；此外13brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的14furthermore adv.此外；再者15multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的16microscope n显微镜17telescope n望远镜18missile n导弹写作词汇词形默写19household n一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人20suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象21pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的22blame vt.把归咎于；责怪；指责 n责备；指责23handle n把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具

3、等)24link n联系；纽带 vt.把连接起来；相关联25shadow n阴影；影子；背光处26rainbow n彩虹27pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)28concrete n混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的29concept n概念；观念30fault n弱点；过错31outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的32shift n改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向33abstract adj.抽象的；理性的 n(文献等的)摘要拓展词汇词形变化34severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的severely adv.严格地；激烈地；严厉地3

4、5assist vt.帮助assistance n帮助；援助assistant n助手；助理36contradict vt.反驳；与矛盾contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的contradiction n矛盾；反驳；不一致37infect vt.使感染；传染infection n感染；传染infectious adj.感染的；有传染性的38gift n礼物；天赋gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的39steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的steadily adv.稳定地；平稳地40prove vt.证明，证实；表明；显示proof n证据；证明；

5、检验41intervene v干涉；干预；介入intervention n介入；出面；干涉42transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变transformation n转化；转换；变换43think vt.思考；认为thinking n思想；思维；见解thinker n思想家thought n心思；思想；主意44initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的initially adv.最初，开始45defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解defence n保卫；防守46mechanic n机械师；机械修理工mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的47vivid a

6、dj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的vividly adv.生动地；鲜明地；逼真地48frustrate vt.使沮丧；使懊恼frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的frustration n沮丧；懊恼49astronomer n天文学家astronomy n天文学.核心短语默写1once and for all 最终地；彻底地2above all 最重要的是；尤其是3subscribe to 同意；赞同4break out(战斗、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发5come down with 患(病)；染上(小病)6thanks to 幸亏；由于7in charge of 主管；掌管8

7、on purpose 故意9water pump 水泵10theoretical framework 理论框架.教材原句补全1As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera作为一个年轻的医生，约翰斯诺很沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。2It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house ev

8、ery day.这位妇女似乎非常喜欢这个水泵里的水，以至于她每天都让人把水送到家里来。3. Through Snows tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease经过斯诺不懈的努力，自来水公司开始销售纯净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅度减少。4Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on Chinas aerospace s

9、cience than Qian Xuesen也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。5Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk大多数人都熟悉他坐在轮椅上，无法移动和使用电脑交谈的画面。语言运用.单句语法填空1These results are a further proof(prove)of his outstanding ability.2Personally I think it is the sale

10、s manager，rather than the sales girls，that is to blame(blame)3Exactly which bacteria cause the infection(infect)is still unknown.4. The way that he did things was contradictory to what he had said earlier this week.5If they were to act like that again，we should criticize them severely(severe)6The po

11、lice suspected him of telling a lie about his movements last night.7The production of wheat has decreased by 20% because of the dry weather.8He was struggling to make the transformation(transform)from a single man to a responsible husband.9Thanks to the help of the army，people who got injured were s

12、ent to the hospital immediately.10I have never subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.一句多译/句式升级1下周厂长不在时，你将负责整个工厂。Youll take charge of/be in charge of the whole factory next week when the director is away.The whole factory will be in/under the charge of you next wee

13、k when the director is away.2他把考试失败归咎于老师。He blamed the failure of his exam on the teacher.(blame.on)He blamed the teacher for the failure of his exam.(blame.for)He put/laid the blame for the failure of his exam on the teacher.(blame n)3为了帮助学生学好汉语，我们学校决定给你们中文班捐赠一批图书。To assist the students to learn Ch

14、inese better，our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.To assist the students in learning Chinese better，our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.4I was so excited that I couldnt wait to ride my twelvespeed bicycle.So excited was I that I couldnt wait

15、 to ride my twelvespeed bicycle.(倒装句)5Above all，the young fellow has a great dream.What is most important is that the young fellow has a great dream.(主语从句)6Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the computer network.Blamed for the breakdown of the computer network，Alice

16、 was in low spirits.(分词短语作状语)【模拟提升练】.阅读理解(2021全国甲卷)When I was 9，we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow，London on a gray January morning.Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me.Without my beloved beaches and endless bluesky days，I felt at a loss and out of

17、 place.Until I made a discovery.Southbank，at an eastern bend in the Thames，is the center of British skateboarding，where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.I loved it.I soon made friends with the local skaters.We spoke our own language.And my favorite: Safe.Safe meant cool.

18、It meant hello.It meant dont worry about it.Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆)，I fell onto the stones，damaging a nerve in my hand，and Toby came over，helping me up: Safe，man.Safe.A few minutes later，when I landed the trick，my friends beat their boards loud，shouting: “Safe！Safe！Safe！” An

19、d thats what matteredlanding tricks，being a good skater.When I was 15，my family moved to Washington.I tried skateboarding there，but the locals were far less welcoming.Within a couple of years，Id given it up.When I returned to London in 2004，I found myself wandering down to Southbank，spending hours t

20、here.Ive traveled back several times since，most recently this past spring.The day was cold but clear；tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters.Weaving(穿梭)among the kids who rushed by on their boards，I found my way to the beam.Then a railthin teenager，in a baggy white Tshirt，skidded(滑)up to

21、 the beam.He sat next to me.He seemed not to notice the man next to him.But soon I caught a few of his glances.“I was a local here 20 years ago，” I told him.Then，slowly，he began to nod his head.“Safe，man.Safe.”“Yeah，” I said.“Safe.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好地适应

22、了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。1What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?AHe felt disappointed.BHe gave up his hobby.CHe liked the weather there.DHe had disagreements with his family.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Everyone in the family settled quickly into th

23、e city except me.Without my beloved beaches and endless bluesky days，I felt at a loss and out of place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应了这个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很好地融入新的城市，感到很沮丧。故选A。答案：A2What do the underlined words “Safe！Safe！Safe！” probably mean?ABe careful！BWell done!CNo way! DDont worry

24、!解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“And thats what matteredlanding tricks，being a good skater.(那才是真正重要的掌握了滑板的落地技巧才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，由此可以推出，本句的Safe是赞美的含义。故选B。答案：B3Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?ATo join the skateboarding.BTo make new friends.CTo learn

25、more tricks.DTo relive his childhood days.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I was a local here 20 years ago， I told him.Then，slowly，he began to nod his head.Safe，man.Safe.(我告诉他：我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，他缓慢地开始向我点头：嗨，你好！)”可推知，作者去Southbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆。故选D。答案：D4What message does the author seem to convey in the text?AChildren

26、 should learn a second language.BSport is necessary for childrens health.CChildren need a sense of belonging.DSeeing the world is a must for children.解析：推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好地适应了。但是搬去华盛顿，因为没有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，几年之后就不再玩滑板，作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的回忆

27、。通过作者的经历，作者要表达的是，归属感对于孩子是很重要的。故选C。答案：C.阅读七选五If you are looking to make your living space feel bigger，the good news is that its probably easier than you think._1_Introduce some lightLet in as much natural light as possible and where feasible(可行的)，throw away the curtains._2_，giving the impression of m

28、ore space.Try not to rely on overhead light fixtures as they pool the light to one spot.Think about the sizeChoose simple furniture and avoid heavy，weighted pieces.A little sofa will give you just as much sitting space as a big，bulky(笨重的)sofa will._3_By default，low furniture gives more space above t

29、hus making a room look much bigger.Add some movementEmphasize the vertical(垂直的)features of a room by adding an oversized，vertical mirror to a space to help reflect more light back into the room._4_，as the aim is to create a sense of movement.The last thing you want your living space to feel like is

30、that you are sitting in a mess of a giant traffic jam._5_All interior designers will agree that going with light colors is the best way to achieve a bigger space visually.Choose light colors such as various white tones that will reflect and multiply light，as opposed to dark colors that will absorb i

31、t.AAdd colour to doorsBKeep the color lightCThis will allow your eye to see directly to the outsideDAlso，choose low furniture or furniture with open legsEThe choice of lighting is in line with the tone and themeFKeep these tricks in mind to create a much bigger living space in no timeGIn the places

32、you do need cloths or curtains，choose cloths with light colors语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，向读者介绍了让室内空间显大的几个技巧。1解析：上文提到让生活空间显得更大，下文又介绍了几个让生活空间显大的方法，此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，F项(记住这些技巧，你很快就能创造出一个更大的生活空间)符合语境。故选F项。答案：F2解析：根据本空前的throw away the curtains可知，摒弃窗帘，此处是说这样做的好处，故选C项。答案：C3解析：根据本空后的“By default，low furniture gives more spac

33、e above thus making a room look much bigger.”可知，低矮的家具会提供更多的空间，从而让房间看起来更大，D项(此外，选择低矮或腿张开的家具)符合语境。故选D项。答案：D4解析：上文说通过在空间中放一个超大的垂直镜子来突出房间的垂直特性，以帮助将更多的光线反射回房间，下文又提到不要让生活空间显得很乱，此处讲的是增加房间动感的另一种布置方法，G项(在你确实需要布料或窗帘的地方，选择浅色的布料)符合语境。故选G项。答案：G5解析：根据本段内容，特别是“All interior designers will agree that going with light colors is the best way to achieve a bigger space visually.”可知，浅色是视觉上获得更大空间的最佳方式，B项(保持颜色明亮)符合语境。故选B项。答案：B