2022年高考英语人教版第二轮复习知识点精讲解密16阅读理解之主旨大意题(习题)(三)(解析版).docx

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1、Passage 1Music icon Bob Dylan will not attend the Nobel ceremony in December because he has other commitments, the Swedish Academy said on Wednesday.The Swedish Academy received a personal letter from Bob Dylan yesterday where he explained that he could not make himself available in December., it sa

2、id in a statement.He wishes that he could accept the award personally, but other commitments makeit unfortunately impossible. He underlined that he felt incredibly honored by the Nobel Prize, it added. The Swedish Academy said it respected Dylans decision, but that it was unusual for a Nobel laureat

3、e not to come to Stockholm to accept the award in person. Nobel laureates are honored every year on December 10 the death anniversary of the prizes founder Alfred Nobel, a Swedish industrialist, inventor and philanthropist.Several other literature prize winners have skipped the Nobel ceremony in the

4、 past for various reasons British writer Doris Lessing on grounds of ill health, British playwright Harold Pinter because he was hospitalized and Austrian playwright and novelist Elfriede Jelinek due to social phobia.We look forward to Bob Dylans Nobel lecture, which he must carry out it is the only

5、 requirement within six months starting from December 10, 2016, the academy said.1What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.receiving a personal letterB.expressing himself in a statement C.feeling honored by the awardD.accepting the award personally2What is the Swedish Academys att

6、itude towards Bob Dylans decision? A.supportiveB.oppositeC.indifferentD.tolerant3What is the best title of the passage? A.The Nobel Prize Goes to Music Icon Bob Dylan B.Laureate Bob Dylan Will Be Absent for the Nobel Ceremony C.Bob Dylan a Music Icon Who Won the Nobel Prize D.A Great Anniversary Eve

7、nt the Nobel Ceremony4According to the passage, which of the following is true? A.Bob Dylan informed the Swedish Academy of his absence by telephone. B.The Nobel ceremony is in memory of the birth of the prizes founder. C.Elfriede skipped the Nobel ceremony because of physical illness. D.According t

8、o the Swedish Academy, the deadline of Dylans lecture is June 10, 2017.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了2016年诺贝尔文学奖的获得者Bob Dylan缺席颁奖仪式的故事。1D 【解析】代词指代题。根据第三段的He wishes that he could accept the award personally可推知,此处的it代指的是亲自去领奖。2D 【解析】观点态度题。根据第三段的The Swedish Academy said it respected Dylans decision, but that it was unu

9、sual for a Nobel laureate not to come to Stockholm to accept the award in person.可知,瑞典文学院对Dylan的缺席表示尊重。A项意为支持的,B项意为相反的,C项意为漠不关心,均与文章中瑞典文学院对Dylan缺席领奖的态度不符,故排除。3B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段Music icon Bob Dylan will not attend the Nobel ceremony in December because he has other commitments, the Swedish Academy sa

10、id on Wednesday.可推知,本文是一篇新闻报道,主要介绍了2016年诺贝尔文学奖获得者Bob Dylan缺席颁奖仪式的事件。4D 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段We look forward to Bob Dylans Nobel lecture, which he must carry out it is the only requirement within six months starting from December 10, 2016, the academy said.可知，Bob Dylan演讲的最后期限是2017年6月10号。根据第二段的The Swedish

11、Academy received a personal letter from Bob Dylan yesterday可知，Bob Dylan是通过信件来告知瑞典文学院自己将缺席颁奖仪式的，而不是电话；根据第三段的Nobel laureates are honored every year on December 10 the death anniversary of the prizes founder Alfred Nobel可知，诺贝尔奖颁奖仪式的举行日是Alfred Nobel逝世的日子，而不是诞辰；根据第四段的Austrian playwright and novelist Elfr

12、iede Jelinek due to social phobia可知，Elfriede Jelinek缺席是因为社交恐惧症，这是一种精神疾病，而不是身体疾病。Passage 2The game King of Glory, which is produced by Tencent, became the worlds highest grossing game in 2017. However, Tencent, which ranks first in the world for gaming revenue, said in a statement that King of Glory

13、was supposed to bring joy . but excessive gaming brings joy to neither players nor their parents.It announced that it would limit the daily time for youngsters to play its popular King of Glory game after parents and schools complained the children had become addicted to playing it. Children younger

14、 than 12 are only allowed to play the game for a maximum of one hour a day, and after 9 p.m., they are banned from logging in to it, said Tencent. Juveniles(青少年) older than 12 are able to play for a maximum of two hours a day. The game system can remind players about the time they have been playing

15、and young players will be forced to log out when the time is up.Tencent claimed these were the strictest measures in Chinas game industry to prevent addiction and the company expected they would ease parents anxiety.There have been several cases reporting that children had spent too much money as we

16、ll as time on King of Glory. Therefore, Tencent added a new function to limit spending of juvenile players. The company also said it had updated its system for parents to monitor children using its games.Since February, parents can receive messages when children log in and spend money on the game af

17、ter they connect childrens game accounts with their mobile phone numbers. Now, parents can connect phones, tablets or computers that their children use to play games, so that they can always keep an eye on the children even if they have several game accounts, Tencent said. It added the measure cover

18、ed its 200 games, and about 700, 000 accounts have been connected to parents phone numbers.People have different opinions on Tencents such measures. Though many parents think highly of them, a father of a high school student said he actually was not sure if they would be sufficiently effective. I li

19、ke the system that could lock up the devices as children can register many accounts,he said. But children are so clever that they can always think out countermeasures.5What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A.The game rules of King of Glory. B.The target players of King of Glory. C.The new limitat

20、ion of King of Glory. D.The negative effects of King of Glory.6Which measures does Tencent take to reduce childrens addiction to its games? a. Shorten children game time. b. Reform its monitoring system. c. Ban under 12s from playing games. d. Decrease childrens game spending. e. Control childrens g

21、ame account numbers. A.abeB.abdC.bcdD.ade7Whats the fathers attitude towards Tencents measures in the last paragraph? A.Critical.B.Hopeful.C.Doubtful.D.Indifferent.【文章大意】本文为一则新闻报道。在家长和学校抱怨孩子沉迷于玩游戏王者荣耀之后,腾讯公司宣布了中国游戏行业有史以来最严厉的防沉迷措施,如限制儿童和青少年玩王者荣耀的时间等,希望以此缓解家长的焦虑。5C 【解析】考查段落大意。根据第二段内容,尤其是It announced t

22、hat it would limit the daily time for youngsters to play its popular King of Glory game Children younger than 12 are only allowed to play the game for a maximum of one hour a day The game system can remind players about the time they have been playing and young players will be forced to log out when

23、 the time is up可知,该段主要讲的是腾讯公司针对儿童和青少年沉迷于其网络游戏王者荣耀的问题而采取的新措施,即限制儿童和青少年玩王者荣耀的时间，故选C项。6B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段中的It announced that it would limit the daily time for youngsters to play its popular King of Glory和第四段中的Tencent added a new function to limit spending of juvenile players. The company also said it h

24、ad updated its system for parents to monitor children using its games可知,腾讯公司为了防止儿童和青少年沉迷于游戏,采取了限制其游戏时间、花销以及更新游戏监管系统的措施,故选B。7C 【解析】考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的Though many parents think highly of them, a father of a high school student said he actually was not sure if they would be sufficiently effective可知,虽然很多父母高

25、度评价了腾讯公司所采取的措施,但是一位高中生的父亲却表示他不确定这些措施是否真的有效。由此可推知,这位父亲对腾讯公司所采取的措施是持怀疑态度的。Passage 3A futuristic transport system has appeared in Zhuzhou, China. The electric mode of transportation, which features trackless trains, runs on virtual rail lines and is the worlds first smart train.The new Autonomous Rail

26、Rapid Transit (ART) system first appeared in June 2017. Finally, its best being tested. Reports describe the train as a hybrid(混合物), something between a tram and a bus. Each virtual railway track is dotted and measures 3.75 meters wide. These guide the train which has rubber tires instead of steel w

27、heels.The system has a maximum speed of 70 km/h and can carry up to 300 passengers in its three carriages. The goal is to use the system to improve and speed up public transportation in Zhuzhou. Eventually, the ART system will be expanded to other cities in China. In just 10 minutes, the ART system

28、can be charged and ready to go. When fully charged, it can run for more than 25 km and it is reported to have a lifespan of 25 years. Using sensors, the train collects traveling information and, over time, becomes more efficient in identifying pavement on the roads.An additional benefit is that the

29、ART system is much cheaper to build than an ordinary subway. In China, a subway costs approximately 400 millionyuanto 700 millionyuanper kilometer. In contrast, an electric streetcar(有轨电车) costs 150 millionyuanto 200 millionyuanper kilometer.Believe it or not, conventional automobiles are expected t

30、o be canceled. To prevent climate change from worsening, countries are setting extremely ambitious carbon emission goals which, more often than not, include a timeline in which cars and trucks that run on petrol and diesel are to bephased out. Clearly, green technology is the future and thats a good

31、 thing.According to research conducted by WHO, 92 percent of the worlds population lives in places where air pollution exceeds safe limits. By investing in green transportation, such as the ART system, emissions will be reduced, which will prevent climate change from worsening.8What does the author

32、say about the trackless train? A.It can be fully charged in short time. B.Its operating mode is very intelligent. C.It has gained wide application worldwide. D.It costs far less than streetcars.9Which word can best replace the underlined phrase phased out? A.bannedB.gatheredC.destroyedD.maintained10

33、What is the passage mainly about? A.The ART system relieves the traffic pressure. B.Smart trains will replace the traditional trains soon. C.Futuristic electric trackless trains were just launched in China. D.Green technology contributes to environmental protection.【文章大意】本文为一则新闻报道,主要介绍了株洲的无轨电车。8B 【解

34、析】考查细节理解。根据第三段中的Using sensors, the train collects traveling information and, over time, becomes more efficient in identifying pavement on the roads可知,这种无轨电车会利用传感器收集沿途信息,而且随着时间的推移,这种无轨电车在鉴定途中的路面状况方面会更高效。由此可知,这种无轨电车的工作模式非常智能。9A 【解析】考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的conventional automobiles are expected to be canceled可知,传

35、统的汽车预计将被淘汰。再结合画线词所在句的意思可知,为了阻止气候变化问题恶化,各国都设定了异常宏大的二氧化碳排放目标,而这些目标中经常包含了依靠汽油和柴油作动力的汽车和卡车将被逐步淘汰的时间表。故画线词与banned含义相近。10C 【解析】考查主旨大意。通读全文,尤其是第一段A futuristic transport system has appeared in Zhuzhou, China. The electric mode of transportation, which features trackless trains, runs on virtual rail lines an

36、d is the worlds first smart train可知,本文主要介绍了在中国株洲出现的无轨电车,故C项最能概括文章主旨。Passage 4April 23 marks the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeares death. Organizations in Britain have planned numerous events to honor him.In Stratford-upon-Avon, his birthplace, the tourism organization has a great number of f

37、ree events, including performances of Shakespeares plays, and a dazzling fireworks display. And the BBC is broadcasting a live show from Stratfore-upon-Avon, celebrating Shakespeares widespread influence on the world. In Englands capital, the London Shakespeare Centre and Kings College London are ho

38、lding a series of public performances, exhibitions and activities. It isnt just England that honors the anniversary of the death of this extraordinary writer. In Washington, D. C., the Folger Shakespeare Library, which houses the worlds largest collection of documents relating to William Shakespeare

39、, is displaying a series of exhibitions.Shakespeare is probably the most famous author who ever lived and is considered a genius by most. He wrote around 37 plays and 154 sonnets(十四行诗), and his work has been translated into over one hundred languages! He penned beautiful metaphors(暗喻), serious drama

40、s and amusing tales.Shakespeare also invented many new terms and phrases. If someones behavior suggested they were not being honest and should not be trusted, Shakespeare called their actions suspicious. If someone was being silly and perhaps looking like a fool, Shakespeare found their actions laug

41、hable. And Shakespeare called people who offered their opinions on the quality of something critics. Today, for instance, food critics and film critics give audiences their opinions of food and film. The familiar phrase break the ice comes from Shakespeares play The Taming of the Shrew. The ice is b

42、roken when a difficult conversation or meeting is calmed by some basic introduction, such as a simple game. More common words coined by Shakespeare include road, gossip, lonely, bump and hurry.Four hundred years after his death, Shakespeare surely lives on, in everyday speech, as the most famous wri

43、ter of all time!11. The main idea of the text is _.A. the 400th anniversary of Shakespeares deathB. the influence Shakespeare has on EnglishC. the achievements of William ShakespeareD. Shakespeares colorful and fruitful life12. Shakespeare is honored in the following ways except_.A. a great number o

44、f free events in Stratford-upon-AvonB. a series of activities in the London Shakespeare CentreC. a series of exhibitions in the Folger Shakespeare LibraryD. a live show of Shakespeare from Stratford-upon-Avon13. According to the next, a simply game to make a difficult conversation easy is called _.1

45、5A. an ice-breakerB. a suspicious manC. a criticD. a laughable man【文章大意】4月23日是威廉莎士比亚逝世第四百周年纪念日。英国的各种组织计划活动来纪念他。11. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的句子April 23 marks the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeares death.可知，文章主要介绍4月23日是威廉莎士比亚逝世第四百周年纪念日。故选A。12. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子In Stratford-upon-Avon, his birthpla

46、ce, the tourism organization has a great number of free events,可知，A是对的；根据In Englands capital, the London Shakespeare Centre and Kings College London are holding a series of public performances, exhibitions and activities.可知，B是对的；根据the Folger Shakespeare Library, which houses the worlds largest colle

47、ction of documents relating to William Shakespeare, is displaying a series of exhibitions.可知，C是对的；根据And the BBC is broadcasting a live show from Stratfore-upon-Avon, celebrating Shakespeares widespread influence on the world.可知，D是错的。故选D。13. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的句子The ice is broken when a difficult conversation or meeting is calmed by some basic introduction, such as a simple game.可知，使得困难的对话变得容易的叫作an ice-breaker。故选A。