2022年高考英语二轮复习语法专项突破(二)第三讲　介词(短语).docx

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1、第三讲介词(短语)【典题试做】1(2019全国卷)Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.2(2019全国卷)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact.3(2018全国卷)I was searching for t

2、hese three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.4(2017全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.5(2017全

3、国卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.6(2017全国卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture.7(全国卷)But my con

4、nection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s.8(全国卷)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.9(全国卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India, for example, most people traditionally eat with their hands.1常用介词的基本用法；2固定搭配中介词的

5、使用。 【典题试做】1(2019全国卷)When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. 在high前加in/at2(2019全国卷)I want my cafe to have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”. 删除like3(2018全国卷)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years

6、, and he agreed. 删除for4(2018全国卷)Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes. forwith5(2017全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. onof6(2017全国卷)They have also bought for some gardening tools. 删除for7(2017全国卷)When I look at this picture of myself,

7、I realize of how fast time flies.删除第二个of1介词与名词、动词或形容词搭配不当；2介词的多余；3介词的缺失；4习惯搭配中介词的错用。 常考介词的用法1表示时间的介词介词用法at表示时间点，时刻等。at 6 oclock；at daybreakon表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。on Monday afternoon；on a rainy day morningin表示在某段较长的时间内。in the 20th century；in winter；in September；in the mornin

8、gin/after时间段 在之后。“in时间段”常与将来时连用；“after时间段”常与过去时连用since后接时间点，自从以来for后接时间段，长达until/till直到by到为止；不迟于during在期间before 在之前over 在期间；直到结束through一直，自始至终(2018天津卷)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percen

9、t to maintain current levels.到2050年，全球人口数量预计将增长到96亿人。一些分析学家预测食品生产量需要增长50%才可以保持现状。In Britain, its not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.在英国，早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。名师点津(1)当时间名词前有this，that，last，next，every，each等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词。(2)“on/upon名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一就”。2表示方位的介词介词用法at后常接相对较小的地方in后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的

10、范围之内on表示“在上”(反义词：beneath)across表示“从的表面穿过；在对面”through表示“从的内部穿过”over表示“从的上面跨过”(反义词：under)above指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过，多于，大于”(反义词：below)(上海卷)The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。(陕西卷)The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the

11、little stream, where the girl was asleep.狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪，小女孩在那里睡着了。3表示方式的介词表示使用的工具、手段、材料时，with，by，in，on都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官；by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具；in指使用某种语言、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。 by train乘火车on the radio 通过收音机on TV 通过电视with a pencil 用铅笔4表示“除之外”的介词(短语)介词(短语)用法besides意为“除之外(还有)”，相当于in addition toexcep

12、t意为“除之外(别无)”，可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句but 意为“除之外”(except)apart from既可相当于besides或in addition to，也可相当于except forother than意为“除之外(别无)”(福建卷)Apart from good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。名师点津(1)but常用于nobody，none，no one，nothing，anything, everyo

13、ne，all 之后。接不定式时，如果前有实义动词do，则不定式中的to省略。(2)besides还可作副词，意为“另外，而且”，在句中常作插入语。5表示原因的介词(短语)for, because of, due to, thanks to, owing to, on account of, as a result of (浙江卷)The openair celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed fo

14、r a couple of hours.由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。名师点津上述短语除了due to不仅可作状语还可作表语外，其他短语只能作状语。thanks to 表示“多亏，幸亏”，多位于句首。6其他常考的介词介词用法against违背，反对；倚靠；以为背景，衬托beyond(范围、限度)超出，为所不能及by程度或增减的幅度；按计despite尽管for(表示目的)为了；(表示对象或用途)给；因为；从来看；赞成，支持with和在一起；和，跟；具有，带有；(表示伴随)随着within(范围、程度)在之内without没有off(表示位置)在的外面；(表示方向)偏离；从离开 (重庆卷)

15、She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.吉姆累了，背靠着一棵大树很快睡着了。(福建卷)Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.任何司机如被发现饮酒超限都会被指控。常考介词短语及搭配高考中的语法填空和短文改错将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查，介词与动词、介词与形容

16、词、介词与名词形式的搭配是高考考查的难点。常考介词短语及固定搭配有：(一)介词与动词构成的搭配take advantage of利用thank sb. for sth. 为某事感谢某人have an effect on 对有影响separate.from 把与分开make a list of 列出一张的单子play with 同一起玩；玩弄say goodbye to 对说再见contribute to 贡献；有助于；促成provide.with. 提供给某人某物hold up 举起rely on 依靠refer to 提及；参考；查阅pass by 经过care about 关心；介意fee

17、l like 想要call for 需要pay for 为付款apply for 申请begin with 以开始(二)介词与形容词构成的搭配1beadj.aboutbe anxious about 忧虑be curious about 对好奇be particular about 对讲究/挑剔be worried/concerned about 担心2beadj.atbe angry at 因生气be good at 擅长be astonished at 对吃惊be present at 出席3beadj.inbe absorbed in 专注于be active in 积极于be dres

18、sed in 穿着be engaged in 忙于be rich in 富含be occupied in 忙于4beadj.forbe eager for 渴望be famous for 以著名be fit for 适合，胜任be ready for 准备好be sorry for 对感到抱歉be prepared for 为做好准备5beadj.frombe absent from 缺席be different from 不同于be far from 远离be free from 不受影响6beadj.tobe close to 接近be devoted to 致力于be equal to

19、等于；胜任be familiar to 对来说熟悉be friendly to 对友好be harmful to 对有危害be kind to 对友好be similar to 与相似be grateful to 对心存感激7beadj.ofbe aware of 意识到be fond of 喜欢be proud of 因而自豪be short of 缺乏8beadj.withbe busy with 忙于be familiar with 对熟悉be combined with 与结合be patient with 对有耐心be popular with 受的欢迎be pleased with

20、 对感到满意by angry with (sb.) 对(某人)发怒(三)介词与名词构成的搭配1“atn.”表示状态at a loss 不知所措at peace 处于和平中at war 在战争中at work 在工作2其他以at开头的介词短语at the beginning of 在的开始at the cost of 以为代价at the risk of 冒的危险at the mercy of 在支配下3“onn.”表示状态on exhibition/show 在展出on fire 着火on sale 出售；打折on the way 在途中on the decrease/increase 在减少

21、/增加on holiday/vacation 在度假4其他以on开头的介词短语on account of 因为on behalf of 代表on no account/condition 决不5“byn.”表示方式by accident 偶然by air/plane 乘飞机by chance 偶然by coincidence 碰巧by hand 用手by mistake 错误地by the day 按天算by nature 天生地6“inn.”表示方式in cash 用现金付款in depth 在深度上in detail 详细地in height 在高度上in length 在长度上in En

22、glish 用英语7其他以in开头的介词短语in no time 立刻in no way 决不in place of 代替in possession of 拥有，占有in addition to 另外in charge of 掌管in return 作为回报in spite of 尽管in exchange for 作为交换in favo(u)r of 支持，赞成in case of 万一；如果；假如in hono(u)r of 为向表示敬意in memory of 为了纪念in support of 为支持8“ofn.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)of benefit(beneficial)

23、 有益处的of help(helpful) 有帮助的of importance(important) 重要的of significance(significant) 有重大意义的of use(useful) 有用的of value(valuable) 有价值的9“out ofn.”表示状态out of balance 失去平衡out of breath 上气不接下气out of control 不受控制out of date 过时out of order 出故障out of sight 看不到out of the question 不可能out of question 毫无疑问out of w

24、ork 失业10“undern.”表示被动under attack 遭到袭击under pressure 在压力下under treatment 在治疗中under control 处于控制之下11“withn.”表示行为方式with delight/joy 高兴地with difficulty 困难地with ease 轻而易举地with fear 害怕地with pleasure 乐意地12“beyondn.”表示“超出，难以”beyond compare 无与伦比beyond reach 够不到beyond description 难以描述beyond expression/words

25、难以表达(四)介词与其他词构成的搭配next to 紧挨着in between 在中间，在两者之间instead of 代替apart from 除之外regardless of 不管，不顾according to 根据along with 随着together with 连同owing to 因为but for 要不是up to 直到；由而定(五)易用错的介词with the help of 在的帮助下under the leadership of 在的领导下the article in the newspaper 报纸上的文章a hole in the wall 墙上的洞a bird in

26、 the tree 树上的鸟apples on the tree 树上的苹果tickets for the concert 音乐会的票in the direction of 朝着的方向set an example to sb. 给某人树立榜样.单句语法填空1(2020保定摸底) A report published on Dec.6 says this style of health care, which includes different forms like herbal medicine and exercise, has spread to 183 countries and re

27、gions.2(2020儋州统测)Jin Yong has many fans outside of Chinesespeaking areas, as a result of many adaptations of his works into films, television series, comics and video games.3(2020湖北五校期中)Sleep might be one answer to the problem.4(2020河北衡水中学一调)As we all know, Hangzhou, a beautiful city, won the bid on

28、 September 16th, 2015.5(2020湖北重点高中联考协作体期中)Its of great importance to ask for help and let people know how you feel if you are worried or anxious.6(2020鄂东南教育教学改革联盟期中)But on Saturday (Sept.1), millions of parents watching the show disapproved of the “endless” ads delaying the show by 12 minutes.7(2020

29、湖北名校大联考)Walt Disney developed an early interest in drawing.He took art classes as a boy and got a job as a commercial designer at the age of 18.8(2020闽粤赣“三省十校”联考)A total of 956 swimmers from 31 countries and regions including the United States, Russia and Britain will take part in the enjoyable even

30、t.9(2020佛山教学质检)Parents should do their best to talk to their sons and daughters about their schoolwork and future plans but should not push them to talk if they dont want to.10(2020湖南六校联考)In many places like Britain and Italy, if you leave the house without your wallet, youll be in a difficult situa

31、tion all day.单句改错1(2020福建泉港一中、南安国光中学期中联考)Of all my teachers, Mr.Moore is the one who makes an impression of me. 第二个ofon2(2020湖北五校期中) Some jokingly put it that friends are made to be taken advantage. 在advantage后加of3(2020宜昌示范性高中协作体期中)Weak as he seemed, he went straight into the sea with any hesitation

32、. withwithout4(2020福建长汀一中等六校联考)Some students may get access for some unhealthy websites, which does harm to their development. forto5(2020湖南长郡中学模拟)One day when I was on my way to home from school，I found a building on fire.Immediately I called the firefighters. 删除to6(2020安徽皖南八校联考)I always feel so th

33、ankful to what they have offered to me.第一个tofor7(2020福建四校期中)Once I talked to her this problem. 在this前加about8(2020河北“五个一”名校联盟考试)A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday, causing 4 deaths. 删除on9(2020闽粤赣“三省十校”联考)However, too much rain does a lot of harm for us. forto10(2020江西红色

34、七校联考) As I was waiting the response from the manager, I saw an old man in a wheelchair roll himself over to the counter. 在waiting后加for.语法填空(2020江西重点中学盟校一联)When scholars of international relations predict that the 21st century will be a“Chinese century”， they are full of reasons. 1.Although/Though/Wh

35、ile America remains the only superpower, China is responsible for an important share of global change.Since 2.the start of the financial crisis in 2008, for example, China has accounted 3.for 45% of the gain in world GDP.In 1990 about 750 million Chinese people lived in extreme 4.poverty(poor); toda

36、y fewer than 10 million do.Its GDP per person, in terms of purchasing power，5.has_risen(rise) ten times since 1990.Chinas 6.amazing(amaze) performance has greatly affected the worlds economic output.The Economist has worked out a geographic centre of the global economy by taking an average of each c

37、ountrys latitude and longitude(经纬度), 7.measured(measure) by 8.its(it) GDP.At the height of Americas control, this point previously sat in the north Atlantic.But China has pulled it so far east 9.that the global centre of economic gravity 10.is(be) now in Siberia.短文改错(2020安徽安庆模拟)Last weekend I went f

38、ishing with my cousins by a river，where is two miles away from my home by bike.When we were about to return for home, we found one of our bike lost.We were really nervous then.Asking about the lost bike, nobody told the truth except me.And to my surprise, my parents dont scold me.Instead, they said

39、I was a honest boy.I have benefited great from my family rules.Im not the best at schoolwork, but classmates trust me and nearly everyone is willing to making friends with me.It helps me know better about“Honesty is the best policy.”答案：Last weekend I went fishing with my cousins by a river， is two m

40、iles away from my home by bike.When we were about to return home, we found one of our lost.We were really nervous then. about the lost bike, nobody told the truth except me. to my surprise, my parents scold me.Instead, they said I was honest boy.I have benefited from my family rules.Im not the best at schoolwork, but classmates trust me and nearly everyone is willing to friends with me.It helps me know better about “Honesty is the best policy.”