2023届高考英语二轮复习模块2语法知识专题16不定式与动名词.docx

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1、2023年高考英语语法精讲：不定式与动名词一、不定式用法归纳不定式进行式的基本形式为to be doing，其主要用法如下：1.表示同时进行，即表示谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。如：He pretended to be studying.他假装在学习。I happened to be standing next to him when he collapsed.他倒下的时候我恰巧站在他旁边。2.表示将来，正如可用进行时态表示将来意义一样，不定式的进行式有时也可表示将来。如：I hope to be staying with you.我希望和你住在一起。The old man seems t

2、o be dying.这老人似乎要死了。Im quite pleased to be leaving this country.就要离开这个国家我很高兴。3.表示一般情况，即看不出动作的先后关系，而是表示一种情况或现象。如：I noticed that he seemed to be smoking a lot.我发现他似乎烟瘾很大。Just to be doing something was a help.做点事是有益处的。You are too young to be meeting young men.你太小，不能交男朋友。二、动名词的用法归纳1.与主要动作同时发生。如：My shoe

3、laces keep coming undone.我的鞋带老是松开。Try to imagine being on the moon.设法想象你是在月球上。He continued reading when I spoke to him.我同他说话时，他仍在继续阅读。I had the greatest difficulty in persuading him.为了说服他，我费了好大的力气。2.后于主要动作发生：当动名词用于advise, suggest, insist on等动词后作宾语时，它所表示的动作常发生在主要动作之后。如：I advise waiting till proper ti

4、me.我建议等到适当时机。He insisted on seeing us home.他一定要送我们回家。He suggested moving to the country.他建议搬到乡下去。3.先于主要动作发生：当动名词用于admit, deny, forget, regret, remember等动词后作宾语，表示的动作通常发生在主要动作之前。如：I admit breaking the window.我承认窗子是我打破的。She denied seeing me.她否认看见过我。Ill never forget meeting you that afternoon.我永远不会忘记那天下

5、午见到你的情况。I regret missing the film.我懊悔没有看上那部电影。I remember being taken to Paris as a small child.我记得我在儿时被带到巴黎过。4.视相关词的意义而定：当动名词用于介词before, after, since之后作宾语时，动作的先后依介词before, after的意义而定。如：Dont bathe immediately after eating.不要吃饭后就游泳。She waited a little while before making up her mind.她等一会儿才做出决定。Shes be

6、en quite different since coming back from America.自打从美国回来她可变了样了。5.表示泛指意义：当动名词表示泛指意义的动作或状态时，没有时间意义。如：Being lost can be a terrifying experience.迷路有时很可怕。Its hard work climbing mountains.爬山是费劲的事。Selling your house can be a tiresome business.卖房子有时候是很麻烦的事。Being deaf and dumb makes communicationvery diffic

7、ult.又聋又哑很难与人交往。三、接不定式与动名词意义不同的动词有些动词后面既可接不定式也可接动名词，但意思明显不同。这类动词主要有以下几类：1.remember, forget, regret：remember(记得)，forget(忘记)，regret(后悔)后接不定式表示动作尚未发生，后接动名词(可用一般式或完成式)表示动作已经发生。比较：Remember to post the letters.记得把这些信寄掉。I remember posting the letters.我记得这些信是寄掉了的。I forgot to tell him the news.我忘告诉他这消息了。I for

8、got telling her the news.我忘了曾告诉过她这个消息。She never regretted doing this.她从没后悔这样做过。I regret to tell you that he cant come.很抱歉他不能来。2.go on：其后接不定式表示接着做另一事，接动名词表示接着做同样的事或不停地做着同样的事。如：Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one.做完这个练习后,请接着做其它的练习。You oughtnt to go on living this way.你不应该再

9、这样生活下去了。She nodded, smiled, and went on stitching.她点了点头，笑了笑，又继续缝衣服。注：go on后接的doing也可视为现在分词而非动名词。3.mean：其后接不定式表示打算做某事或有意做某事，后接动名词表示意味着做某事。如：To raise wages means increasing purchasing power.提高工资意味着增加购买力。Im sorry I didnt mean to be rude to you.对不起，我并不想对你粗鲁无礼。To mean to do something and to actually do s

10、omething are two different things.打算做一件事和实际上做一件事完全是两回事。4.try：其后接不定式表示设法去做某事，接动名词表示做某事试试(看有何效果)。如：Try to limit your talk to 10 minutes.请尽量把话在10分钟内讲完。Lets try knocking at the back door.咱们敲敲后门试试。5.cant help：其后接动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事，接不定式表示不能帮忙去做某事。如：He couldnt help crying when he heard the news.他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。I

11、 cant help to clean the place up.我不能帮助打扫这地方。6.stop：其后接动名词表示停止正在做的事情，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另外一件事。如：He is trying to stop smoking.他在设法戒烟。He stopped to speak to Martin.他停下来和马丁讲话。四、接不定式与动名词意义相同的动词1、归纳后接不定式和动名词意思基本相同的动词主要有attempt(试图)，begin(开始)，bother(麻烦)，cant bear(忍受不了)，cease(停止)，continue(继续)，hate(讨厌)，intend(想要)

12、，like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)，prefer(宁愿)，propose(建议)，start(开始)等。如：Do you like playing (to play) chess?你喜欢下棋吗？He cant bear travelling (to travel) by sea.他坐不了海船。I propose making (to make) a change in the plan.我建议把计划作些改动。Dont bother to get (getting) dinner for me.请不必费事为我做饭了。He continued reading (to read) when I s

13、poke to him.我同他说话时，他仍在继续阅读。2、注意1.在begin, cease, continue或start的进行式后面通常要用不定式，而不用动名词，因为两个-ing形式的重复听起来别扭。如：He was beginning to recover when he had another attack.他正在开始恢复时，突然病又发作了。2.当like, love, hate, prefer与would, should连用时，其后只能接不定式。如：Id hate to disturb him if hes busy.如果他忙，我就不想打扰他了。If you would like to come Ill get a ticket for you.如果你想来，我就给你弄一张票。