2022年高考英语人教版二轮复习语法专项突破(一)第二讲　形容词、副词和比较等级.docx

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1、第二讲形容词、副词和比较等级【典题试做】1(2019全国卷)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher(high) than they actually are.2(2019全国卷)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wo

2、ndering how long it would take to get there.3(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer(long) than nonrunners.4(2018全国卷)Corn uses less water than rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.5(2018全国卷)He screams the loudest(loud) of all.6(2017全国卷)

3、As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even worse(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.7(2017全国卷)However, be careful(care) not to go to extremes.8(2017全国卷)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly(fair) un

4、pleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.9(2017全国卷)It is certainly(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.1考查形容词和副词的基本用法；2考查形容词和副词的比较等级的用法；3考查词类转换。 【典题试做】1(2019全国卷)I became interesting in playing

5、football thanks to a small accident. interestinginterested2(2019全国卷)I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. hardlyhard3(2019全国卷)One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. amazingamazed4(2019全国卷)First, I wanted to be

6、 a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. coollycool5(2018全国卷)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people. largerlarge6(2017全国卷)A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. _latelater7(2017全国卷)In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their

7、garden, which is on the rooftop of their house. interestinginterested8(2017全国卷)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. earlierearly9(2017全国卷)I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. latelatest1形容词之间或形容词与副词的错用

8、；2形近引起的错用；3比较等级的错用。 形容词和副词的基本用法1形容词的基本用法形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。(2019江苏卷)Unlike traditional gyms, appbacked gyms offer people flexible options to exercise.不像传统的体育锻炼，有app软件的体育锻炼给人们提供了灵活的锻炼选项。(2018江苏卷)Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient trainin

9、g for his staff.尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投资为员工提供足够的培训。名师点津(1)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。Lighthearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。(2)有些以ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。常见的有：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。2副词的基

10、本用法(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。(2019天津卷)A dogs eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established.狗的饮食习惯在正确建立之前需要定期的训练。名师点津有些副词，如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等作评注性状语，往往修饰整个句子，而且它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面的句子分开。(安徽卷)Thankfully, I managed to get

11、 through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。(2)常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末)；meanwhile“在此期间”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“此外”；besides“另外，还有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”；otherwise“否则”。(天津卷)The young man couldnt affo

12、rd a new car.Instead, he bought a used one.这个年轻人买不起一辆新车，相反，他买了一辆二手车。(江西卷)The house was too expensive and too big. Besides, Id grown fond of our little rented house.那所房子太贵、太大了。此外，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。名师点津易用错的几类副词beside在旁边besides 此外，而且late迟；晚later以后；后来latest 最近的，最新的ago以前(以现在为起点)before以前(以过去为起点)somewhere某

13、处everywhere到处high 在高处；高highly 高度地；很；非常wide广阔地；充分地widely广泛地；普遍地deep深深地deeply深刻地；深沉地free免费地freely自由地；畅通地close接近；紧挨着closely仔细地；紧密地hard努力地hardly几乎不near在附近nearly几乎，差不多形容词和副词的比较等级1比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则变化词形分类及变化构成原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般加er或esttalltallertallestlonglongerlongest以e结尾的，只加r或stnicenicernicestfinefinerfi

14、nest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加er或estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattest以“辅音字母加y”结尾的，先变y为i再加er或esthappyhappierhappiesteasyeasiereasiest其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more或mostdifficultmore difficultmost difficultbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful名师点津(1)有少数几个双音节以及ow，er，le结尾的词，既可以加er和est, 又可以加more

15、和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词有：common, clever, simple, quiet, stupid等。(2)表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite, wonderful等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。有些词不与than连用可用于比较，如be senior to等。(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/much moremostoldolder/elderoldest/eldestlittlelessleastfarfarther(具体)f

16、arthest(具体)further(抽象)furthest(抽象)2.比较等级的用法(1)同级比较asadj./adv.(原级)as.“和一样”；not as/soadj./adv.(原级)as.“和不一样”(天津卷)Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue.虽然我像以前一样努力工作，但我没有感到疲劳。当as.as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：as形容词原级a(n)n.as.asmany可数名词复数as.asmuch不可数名词as.Im not a little tired today after giving the room

17、 a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。(2)比较级“形容词/副词比较级than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更”。“less形容词/副词原级than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方”。(2018全国卷)Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.研究发现早起锻炼的人要比

18、晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。名师点津修饰比较级的副词有：much, even, still, far, a little, a lot, rather 等。more, very等副词不可修饰比较级，这也是短文改错经常出现的错误之一。(天津卷)It was also much more than we could afford, but far less than the original asking price.这个价格仍然远远超出我们能够负担得起的价位，但是它已经远远低于最初的要价了。(3)最高级表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the最高级表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“是中最的”。(

19、四川卷)Andy is content with the toy.It is the best he has ever got.安迪很满意这个玩具。这是他至今得到的最好的玩具。one of形容词最高级名词复数Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。序数词形容词最高级名词Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。最高级的

20、其他表达法a否定词比较级b比较级thanany other单数名词比较级thanall the other复数名词比较级thanany of the other复数名词比较级than anything/anyone elseYour story is perfect；Ive never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了，我以前从未听过比这更好听的故事。The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers i

21、n China.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型“theadj./adv.er，theadj./adv.er”“越，就越”“adj./adv.erandadj./adv.er”“越来越”“theadj.erof the two名词”“某人或某物是两者中较的那个”no more than“仅仅”；not more than“至多；不超过”more.than.“与其说倒不如说”no比较级than“和一样不”not比较级than“不比更”倍数句型aA is倍数比较级thanBbA is倍数as原级asBcA is倍数the名词(size, length, height等)

22、ofB(全国卷)The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared.一篇文章越积极，就越可能被分享。More and more people realize the importance of learning a foreign language well.越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。(江苏卷)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.总的来说，电子废

23、弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。看到四种情况，想到比较等级1看到与than连用，要想到用比较级例1(全国卷)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _(clean) than ever.分析cleaner根据后面的than可知此处要用比较级，故填cleaner。例2After a few months, we all felt that we had been able to build much strong relationships with the family than we had b

24、efore._分析strongstronger根据句中的比较级标志词than可知，本句应用比较级，表示几个月后的情况与之前的情况进行比较，much用于修饰比较级。故将strong改为stronger。2看到and, but, or等连词前面或后面用比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级例3 (全国卷)They were also the best and worse years in my life._分析worseworst由并列连词and前面的“the best”和“in my life”表示的范围可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式。3看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三

25、者及以上)例4(广东卷)After our plane landed, we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months _(early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.分析earlier由had made可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前，故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了，故填比较级earlier。4看到下列固定搭配，要想到用比较等级(1)the比较级., the比较级.例5(辽宁卷)The _(hard) you try to b

26、eat him, the more likely you will get hit.分析harder分析句子结构可知此句为“the比较级., the比较级.”句型，表示“越，就越”。故填harder。(2)the最高级标志性词语或从句例6(陕西卷)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help._分析betterbest此处前面有the，后面有表示范围的“in the world”，所以应该用形容词的最高级。故将better改为best。.单句语法填空1(2020浏阳六校联考)Toas

27、ts are made to wish the new couple long life, everlasting love and happiness, early birth of a healthy(health) baby and so on.2(2020儋州一次统测)Jin Yong achieved a greater(great) success than any other contemporary writer.3(2020安徽滁州中学模拟) Obviously(obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach o

28、ur destinations.4(2020安徽联盟阶段考试)These days, as compared to ten to fifteen years ago, the job of assembly is made simpler(simple) by producers of parts that are largely standardized.5(2020江西红色七校联考)Sometimes when a long time goes by without being recognized for the good we do, we start to get upset, bu

29、t a simple statement of appreciation could make us become energetic(energy) again for a good long time.6(2020湛江调研)The more support you win from others, the faster(fast) you will move toward your goal.7(2020儋州统测)His works have been widely(wide) translated into many languages including English, French

30、, Korean and Japanese.8(2020山东师大附中模拟)It is the most_commonly(common) used language in China and among the largest languages in the world.9(2020大连双基测试)The Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge, as the longest(long) seacrossing bridge in the world, is one of the most challenging constructions of its kind undert

31、aken in the world to date.10(2020驻马店月考)People splash water on each other, hoping to take away sickness and disasters.The wetter you get, the luckier(lucky) you will be.单句改错1(2020湖北期中联考)With friendship, life proves happily and harmonious. happilyhappy2(2020浏阳六校联考)To my greatly relief, he brought text

32、books to me and helped me with my lessons. greatlygreat3(2020福建长汀一中等六校联考)Whats bad, some students are likely to compare the brands of their smart phones with their classmates. badworse4(2020湖南三湘名校联考)Only a few people were walking quick on the streets wearing their masks. quickquickly5(2020福建四校联考)Now

33、 I like her even more and I am glad I have so a great sister. sosuch6(2020安徽江淮十校联考)Miss Zhang is one of my most favorite teachers. 删除most7(2020山东师大附中模拟)When I saw some people snowboarding, I decided to give it a try.Therefore, it was much more difficult than I had expected. ThereforeHowever8(2020江西红色七校联考)Kindly as I was, I found that I could do nothing to help him. KindlyKind9(2020哈尔滨三中一模)It has negative effects and makes many children too addicted to it that they have done many crazy things. tooso10(2020宝鸡模拟)It is obvious that poor health is close related to bad living habits. closeclosely