2022年高考英语二轮复习语法专项突破(三)第三讲　名词性从句.docx

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1、第三讲名词性从句【典题试做】1(2019全国卷)While they are rare north of 88， there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.2(2018全国卷)Im not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.3(全国卷)As natural architec

2、ts, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.语法填空对名词性从句的考查集中在引导词的选择上，其中what与that, how, if与whether是考查的重点。 【典题试做】1(全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. thatwhere2(全国卷)After looking at the toy for some t

3、ime, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. wherethat或去掉where1从属连词与连接副词之间的错用；2连接代词(what, which和who等)之间的错用；3从属连词that与连接代词(尤其是what)之间的错用以及that与whether/if之间的错用；4从属连词that的缺失或多余。 主语从句1主语从句的引导词引导词作用that, whether, if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分，但一般不可省略。当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，不用ifwhat, who, whose, wh

4、ich， whatever, whichever, whoever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语how, when, where， why等在从句中作状语(安徽卷)The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。(北京卷)Your support is importa

5、nt to our work.Whatever you can do helps.你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。(北京卷)What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.芭芭拉琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。(北京卷)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。(江苏卷)Where Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is kn

6、own to the public, but some wont accept it.中国伟大的诗人李白出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。2用it作形式主语的主语从句Itbe形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)that从句Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)that从句Itbe过去分词(said/told/reported等)that从句It不及物动词(seem, occur, appear, happen, matter等)that从句(湖北卷)It occurred to him that he h

7、ad an important conference to attend the next morning.他突然想到，第二天上午他有重要的会议要参加。(天津卷)It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.应该为未来做好充分准备这一点对于学生们来说很清楚。名师点津在“Itbesuggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required.that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should)动词原形”。It is suggested

8、that you(should) spend more time in studying English.建议你花更多的时间学习英语。宾语从句宾语从句位于及物动词、动词短语或介词之后。1宾语从句的引导词引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that无词义，whether/if意为“是否”；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中只作状语。从属连词that, whether, if连接代词what, who, whose, which, whatever, whichever, whoever等连接副词how, when, where, why, wherever,

9、 whenever等(2018天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.金牌将会颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一的任何人。(2017天津卷)She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。(四川卷)Our teachers always tell us to believe in what w

10、e do and who we are if we want to succeed.我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。(山东卷)Weve offered her the job, but I dont know whether shell accept it.我们已经给她提供了工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。名师点津(1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：that从句作介词的宾语时；动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略；主句谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有

11、插入语时；that引导的从句位于句首时。(2)在介词后的宾语从句中，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。2it作形式宾语的宾语从句动词find/feel/think/consider/makeit宾补(形容词或名词)不定式/that从句动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoyitthat从句短语动词see to/depend on/rely onitthat从句固定搭配take it for granted/owe it to sb.that从句I shall see to it that he is taken good care of whe

12、n you are absent.你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。名师点津宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句需与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句需用相应的过去的某种时态；当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，从句需用一般现在时。表语从句在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后。1表语从句的引导词引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，不作句子成分

13、；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中只作状语。从属连词that, whether, if连接代词what, who, whose, which, whatever, whichever, whoever等连接副词how, when, where, why, wherever, whenever等(2018北京卷)This is what my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.这是我父亲教我的总是要面对困难，并抱最大的希望。(北京卷)The best moment

14、for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.这个足球明星最美好的时刻是他射进制胜球的时候。(上海卷)The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。2其他连接词引导的表语从句(1)as if/as though引导表语从句as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，其引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(be动词， seem, appear, look, taste, so

15、und, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一张厚厚的黑色毯子扔到它的上面。(2)because，why引导的表语从句This/That/It is why表语从句(表结果)，意为“这/那就是的原因”This/That/It is because表语从句(表原因)，意为“这/

16、那是因为”The reason why.is that表语从句，意为“的原因是”(安徽卷)From space, the earth looks blue.This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。He didnt work hard.Thats why he was fired.他没有努力工作。那就是他被解雇的原因。同位语从句1同位语从句的引导词同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具

17、体内容。其引导词主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。在同位语从句中，that和whether不作句子成分，that无词义，whether表示“是否”；if不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。(天津卷)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。He asked her the question whether t

18、hey can be friends.他问了一个问题：他们能否成为朋友。You have no idea how worried I was!你不知道我有多着急！2常跟同位语从句的名词后常跟同位语从句的名词有advice, fact, doubt, suggestion, hope, demand, conclusion, idea, news, order, request, thought, word, wish, promise, truth, information, message, belief, report, desire, problem, possibility等。(辽宁卷

19、)When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去参军。(浙江卷)I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.我对自己承诺：今年，也就是我高中的第一年，会有所不同。两步突破名词性从句第一步：识别名词性从句的种类1首先确定主句的谓语动词，确定主句的主谓结构；2分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、

20、表语从句、同位语从句。第二步：分析从句结构，确定从句引导词确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，结合句意填写适当的连接词。1若从句结构完整，用从属连词：陈述事实用that；表示疑问“是否”用if或whether；2若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则考虑用连接代词；3若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(if, whether, because, as if等)的用法及that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。.单句语法填空1(2020浏阳六校联考)A typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this: when a new coup

21、le is engaged, what follows is a choice of the date of their marriage.2(2020洛阳期中)After being designated as the first special economic zone in China, what was once a fishing village has rapidly become an emerging modern city.3(2020北京朝阳期中)So the next time I see that person I also see the name on his o

22、r her face, and that is why/how I never forget a name.4(2020河北衡水中学一调)There is no doubt that the event will attract more visitors to enjoy visiting this wonderful city.5(2020湖北重点高中联合协作体期中)Experts hold the opinion that a small amount of stress can be good in exams.6(2020北京顺义二模)I lost my wallet after g

23、oing shopping last Friday evening.But I couldnt remember where I lost it.7(2020哈尔滨三中二调)The impact and ultimate result depend on what you do with the difficulties that you have.8(2020哈尔滨六中二模)In Martins world, we are not sure _whether the good will win in the end or not.9(2020吉林普通高中调研)It is possible t

24、hat caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too.10(2020济宁二模)Young women seem to perform worse than men on highlevel math tests.That is what has confused the educators for ages.单句改错1(2020湖南三湘名校联考)I was wondering why was the matter when my little brother began to cough loudly. whywhat2(2020安徽江

25、淮十校联考)Which impresses me most is Miss Zhangs way of teaching. WhichWhat3(2020呼和浩特二模)This is which Ive learned from my experience. whichwhat4(2020哈尔滨三中一模)They hold a strong belief playing games is a waste of time. 在belief后加that5(2020开封质检)It is cheerful what the local authorities have promised them to

26、 shorten the time of obtaining it.whatthat6(2020临汾一中等联考)Its not easy for us to accept the fact which we are going to leave our beloved school. whichthat7Today, English is which my strength lies.And Im grateful to my English teacher. whichwhere8The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm personality. becausethat9Everyone in the village is very friendly; it doesnt matter that you have lived there for a short or a long time.thatwhether10It is known to us it takes many years to gain the skills of an expert. 在us后加that