2022年高考英语人教版二轮复习语法专项突破(一)第三讲　词性转换(构词法).docx

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1、第三讲词性转换(构词法)【典题试做】1(2019全国卷)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，00025，000 polar bears worldwide.2(2019全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported

2、increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief(believe) that populations are increasing.3(2019全国卷)Her years of hard work have finally(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.4(2019全国卷)We are so proud of her.Its wonderfu

3、l(wonder)5(2019全国卷)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.6(2019全国卷)They also shared with us many traditional(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely(huge) popular with

4、 tourists.7(2018全国卷) Running is cheap, easy and its always energetic(energy)8(2018全国卷)A taste for meat is actually(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.9(2018全国卷)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total g

5、lobal(globe) fertilizer consumption.10(2018全国卷)Im a scientist(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.11(2017全国卷)This development was only possible with the introduction(introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.12(2017全国卷)The Central London Railway was one of the most successful

6、(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.1给出其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)提示词，填写名词；2考查形容词和副词之间的词性转换。 【典题试做】1(2019全国卷)To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net. surprisingsurprise2(2019全国卷)What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. ordinarilyordinary3(2018全国卷)I felt h

7、appily that their life had improved. happilyhappy4(2018全国卷) Immediate, I raised my hand. ImmediateImmediately1名词与其他词性的误用；2形容词与副词之间的误用。 动词、形容词转化为名词1动词转化为名词后缀例词ion/tion/sion/ationexpectexpectation 期望correctcorrection 改正attractattraction 吸引discussdiscussion 讨论；辩论特殊：explainexplanation 解释admitadmission 接

8、纳；准许入学competecompetition 比赛，竞争pronouncepronunciation 发音describedescription 描写decidedecision 决定celebratecelebration 庆祝；庆祝会concludeconclusion 结论inviteinvitation 邀请graduategraduation 毕业er/orreadreader读者drivedriver 司机；驾驶员announceannouncer 广播员conductconductor 指挥；售票员mentpunishpunishment惩罚achieveachievemen

9、t 功绩；成就treattreatment 对待；治疗equipequipment 装备；设备governgovernment 政府特殊：argueargument 辩论；论据ance/enceappearappearance出现；外貌performperformance 表演；节目existexistence 存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱referreference 参考；查阅特殊：guideguidance 指引；指导ingbeginbeginning开始ure/turefailfailure 失败；倒闭presspressure 压力departdeparture 离

10、开；出发mixmixture 混合；混合物特殊：exposeexposure 暴露yrecoverrecovery恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现其他choosechoice选择varyvariety 多样化；种类tendtendency 趋向；趋势2.形容词转化为名词后缀例词ageshortshortage 不足；短缺cyaccurateaccuracy准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密efficientefficiency 效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅domfreefreedom自由；自主特殊：wisewisdom 明智；智慧boredbo

11、redom 厌烦ence/ancedifferentdifference 差异silentsilence 沉默patientpatience 耐心absentabsence 缺席presentpresence 出席confidentconfidence 信心convenientconvenience 便利importantimportance 重要nessweakweakness虚弱；弱点kindkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意thwarmwarmth 温暖；热情特殊：strongstrength 力气；强项deepdepth 深度longleng

12、th 长度widewidth 宽度y/ty/ityhonesthonesty 诚实difficultdifficulty 困难safesafety 安全cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴特殊：responsibleresponsibility 责任disabledisability 无能；伤残名词、动词转化为形容词后缀例词ableacceptacceptable可接受的comfortcomfortable 舒适的fashionfashionable 时髦的suitsuitable 合适的reasonreasonable 有道理的almusicmusical 音乐的originoriginal

13、 最初的personpersonal 个人的；私人的centercentral 中央的；中心的naturenatural 自然的；天生的续表后缀例词fuldoubtdoubtful怀疑的forgetforgetful 健忘的harmharmful 有害的hopehopeful 有希望的peacepeaceful 和平的edscarescared感到恐惧的confuseconfused 感到困惑的underlineunderlined 加下划线的ingsurprisesurprising 令人惊异的convinceconvincing 令人信服的satisfysatisfying 令人满意的ib

14、leaccessaccessible 容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible 可怕的iveactactive 积极的；活跃的effecteffective 有效的；生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的ouscontinuecontinuous不断的；持续的anxietyanxious 忧虑的cautioncautious 十分小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroubleso

15、me 麻烦的ytastetasty美味的；可口的healthhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的erneasteastern 东方的；向东的westwestern 西方的；向西的ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的名师点津ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到的”，通常修饰人；ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人的”，通常修饰事或物。形容词转化为副词的规律类别例词直接加lyclearclearly清楚地greatgreatly 很，大大地以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加ly

16、happyhappily高兴地heavyheavily 沉重地词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e，再加yterribleterribly可怕地；极度地gentlegently 轻轻地词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加lytruetruly真实地词尾为ll的形容词，直接加yfullfully充分地；完全地dulldully 迟钝地词尾为ic的形容词，加allybasicbasically主要地；基本上scientificscientifically合乎科学地名师点津注意以下形容词变副词的拼写：wholewholly完全地；shyshyly害羞地；drydryly/drily干燥地。厘清两种情况，突破

17、词性转换一、从句法功能上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰”1名词在句中作宾语，放在冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词之后。例1(2017全国卷)She is determined to carry on with her _(educate)分析education前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。例2(全国卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC., influenced the _(deve

18、lop) of chopsticks.分析development根据空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此处需用名词。2形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前。例3(2017全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road._分析suddenlysudden此处需要用形容词修饰后面的名词stop，表示“突然的停止”。3形容词在句中作表语，常放在be, get, become, remain等系动词后。例4(全国卷)At one time, I even felt my parents co

19、uldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them._分析freelyfree此处需要用形容词作表语。be free from them摆脱他们。4形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词。例5As I walked, I looked up, trying to realize what made this day so _(beauty)分析beautiful使役动词make之后跟复合宾语，用形容词作宾语补足语。5副词在句中修饰动词。例6(全国卷)The title will be _(

20、official) given to me at a ceremony in London.分析officially此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我，分析句子结构可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰谓语动词be given。6副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词。例7(全国卷)Dad and I were terrible worried._分析terribleterribly此处应用副词terribly修饰形容词worried。7副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等。例8(广东卷)_(lucky), he also had a cow which pro

21、duced milk every day.分析Luckily此处为副词用于句首，表示状态。8要特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形容词时的区别。如amazed常修饰人的内心感受，表示“吃惊的”；amazing常修饰事物，表示“令人吃惊的”。例9(全国卷)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _(disappoint)分析disappointed空处和前面的anxious并列，表示人的内心活动，应使用ed形式的形容词，此处表示“他们中有些人看起来既焦虑又

22、失望”。二、从“词性”变化上看，厘清“词形”的变化特点词形变化是重点，注意特殊的变化：以e结尾的形容词变副词，切记true需把e去掉加ly；以ble，ple结尾的形容词都是去e加y。另外需注意形副同形词。例10 (全国卷)Instead，he hopes that his business will grow steady._分析steadysteadily谓语动词grow是不及物动词，意为“增长，增强”，此处应该使用副词steadily作状语修饰grow。grow steadily意为“稳定地增长”。例11(全国卷)Recent studies show that we are far mo

23、re productive at work if we take short breaks _(regular)分析regularly此处需要用副词修饰谓语动词短语take short breaks。例12(陕西卷)My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird._分析immediateimmediately此处修饰jumped up，故用副词形式。.单句语法填空1(2020张家口、沧州一模)Known as Golden Pebble Beach, Jinshitan is famous for its beau

24、tiful natural(nature) scenery.2(2020云南高中统一检测)The ticket prices for China highspeed trains are reasonable and, on most routes, the frequency of departure is very high, so people can buy tickets conveniently(convenient)3(2020呼伦贝尔一模)If we are satisfied(satisfy) with only a few rules we have memorized,

25、we are not really learning the language.4(2020张家口、沧州一模)Over the years, Dalians Jinpu New District has successfully(success) held a number of special tourism festivals with its rich culture and tourism resources.5(2020湖北八市联考)All the infrastructure for 100 indoor and outdoor gardens at the exhibition

26、will be finished completely(complete) at the end of March.6(2020陕西渭南中学质检)Surprisingly(surprise), Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; instead, she won respect from the students.7(2020浙江建德期末)She said the last vicemonitor, Joey, had been very rude and unkind(kind) to her.8(2020浙江杭高分校模拟)E

27、xploration(s)(explore) of the Moon did continue after the astronauts left, but by robots instead of people.9(2020北京东城二模)However, for the majority western(west) people, university means freedom from home.10(2020德州夏津一中月考)“We are now thinking about development, allowing the paintings to be more creativ

28、e(create)，” he said.单句改错1(2020贵阳一中月考)Just recently, a local woman Sarah Darling accidental dropped her engagement ring into his cup while she was giving him some change. accidentalaccidentally2(2020云南高中统一检测)We felt happily to have done our part for the environment.happilyhappy3(2020绵阳诊断)At this very

29、 moment, my parents came back and were quite surprised to see all the rooms tidily and floors shining. tidilytidy4(2020郑州一中阶段检测)During the day, you can walk or sit on a boat to enjoy the natural scenery along the stream.The scene at night is attractively as well.attractivelyattractive5(2020广东五校协作体联考

30、)In addition, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenience, regardless of time and space. convenienceconvenient6I will be fully occupied in preparing for an importance lecture coming the day after tomorrow. importanceimportant7Taking an active part in various voluntary activities can

31、 also be of great beneficial. beneficialbenefit8Passing through several streets, we saw no one but only rubbish here and there.An hour later, I still couldnt bear to keep my eyes widely open. widelywide9However, my favourite subject is music, especially classical music which often makes my heart pea

32、cefully.peacefullypeaceful10I knew it was going to be hard to find another job in the competition working petitioncompetitive.语法填空(2020山西百日冲刺考试)The Truth About WhiskyWhisky is probably 1.the most famous product of Scotland.Whisky making provides work 2.for several thousand people in the Scottish Hig

33、hlands and islands.Whisky is Scotlands biggest goods 3.sold(sell) to every corner of the world.The qualities of whisky come from the water which 4.is_used(use) to make it the rich “peaty”(多泥炭的) water of Scotland.When whisky is first made, it is 5.actually(actual) clear, not brown in colour.The colou

34、r comes from the wooden 6.containers(container) in which the whisky is stored for several years to allow it 7.to_mature(mature) from a little added sugar.For many years, whisky has been one of the most popular drinks all over the world, and Scotland 8.has_produced(produce) more and more of it so far

35、.But whisky sales have not increased as fast, so there are now large reserves of whisky in Scotland, especially the better and 9.more(much) expensive whisky.So a lot of the whisky sold today was made several years ago when people thought that whisky would get more and more popular.That is 10.why,_to

36、day, a lot of whisky in the shops is marked with “Ten years old”， or even “Fifteen years old”.短文改错(2020蚌埠质检)My school life in the Britain is significantly different.The school day is nearly 5.5 hours short than that in China.Students there are friendly and focus their studies.With his help, I have a

37、dapted to the life soon and make lots of new friends.I feel so luckily to be able to participate in class discussion, that Ive learnt a lot about local culture.I enjoy the respect for the teachers and the country.Besides, I have learnt many skill about completing my projects.My experience is amazed

38、and enjoyable because of my wonderful host family, my friends or the teachers.答案：My school life in Britain is significantly different.The school day is nearly 5.5 hours than that in China.Students there are friendly and focus their studies.With help, I have adapted to the life soon and lots of new f

39、riends.I feel so to be able to participate in class discussion, Ive learnt a lot about local culture.I enjoy the respect for the teachers and the country.Besides, I have learnt many about completing my projects.My experience is and enjoyable because of my wonderful host family, my friends the teachers.