高考英语-阅读理解之捕捉隐含意义与态度意图等的策略备战高考英语微专题(全国通用).docx

《高考英语-阅读理解之捕捉隐含意义与态度意图等的策略备战高考英语微专题(全国通用).docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语-阅读理解之捕捉隐含意义与态度意图等的策略备战高考英语微专题(全国通用).docx（22页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、阅读理解捕捉隐含意义与推理态度意图等的策略【策略学习】隐含推断与观点态度题隐含推断题主要考查考生对特定信息、全篇、全段或上下文逻辑关系，结合相关信息的暗示，准确理解文章寓意或隐含的深层意义的能力。在解答这类题时，可采用“一步推导”法。即推理判断题的最近答案原则：推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推出的好。推理判断题不是考查我们的想象力，它实际是考查我们原文中的某一个点或几个点所涉及的问题读透了没有。因此做题时不能想得太多，推得过远，是否把原文读懂才是关键。此类题目的题干一般包括以下五个动词：infer（推断）；conclude（推断，得出结论）；indicate（暗示）；imply （

2、暗示）；suggest（暗示）。【典例】（2020全国卷阅读C）Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions.Model Paige Morgan says，“To give people a guiltfree option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on themI think thats going to be a massive thing，at least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admit

3、s it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.Shes trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is ecofriendly.31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A. Its formal.B. Its ri

4、sky.C. Its harmful.D. Its traditional.【分析】第一步通读题目找出题干关键词：infer about wearing fur第二步定位到原文，寻找相关信息：To give people a guiltfree option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on themI think thats going to be a massive thing，at least here in New York.第三步仔细比对选项：Morgan觉得在纽约，给予人们一种没有负罪感的选择，他们可以穿海狸鼠

5、皮做的衣服而不被人泼颜料我认为是一件大事， 由此可推断出穿皮草具有风险性。观点态度题是高考英语阅读理解常考的一种题型，也是考生很容易失分的一种题型。文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的情感、观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。常见的设问方式有：How does the author feel about.?What does the author think of.?What is the authors attitude towards/to.?The authors attitude towards.can be described as _. 4关注1不要（1）关注首段首尾

6、句，确定文章主题，判断作者的观点态度。（2）关注but后表示观点态度的语句来判断作者或文中人物的观点。（3）关注作者所举的例子或者所引用的话语，来判断文章作者或文中人物的态度倾向。（4）关注文章语言的褒贬去判断作者的态度。（5）不要将个人的好恶态度糅进题中，要学会分清作者本人的态度和作者引用观点的态度。4类选项常用词汇肯定positive积极乐观的；optimistic乐观的；supportive支持的；hopeful有希望的；promising有前途的；favourable赞许的否定negative否定的，消极的；disapproving 不赞成的；critical 批评的；unfavour

7、able不赞同的怀疑suspicious可疑的，怀疑的；doubtful可疑的客观objective客观的；neutral中立的；skeptical怀疑的【典例】（2020全国卷阅读C）“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，”says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cuts in：“We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his motherinlaw.”And what does Nick think

8、？“From my standpoint，it all seems to work very well.Would I recommend it？Yes，I think I would.”29. What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his motherinlaw?A. Positive.B. Carefree.C. Tolerant.D. Unwilling.【分析】第一步通读题目找出题干关键词：Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his motherinlaw第二步

9、定位到原文，寻找相关信息：“From my standpoint，it all seems to work very well.Would I recommend it? Yes，I think I would.”第三步仔细比对选项：尼克对于与岳母住在一起持积极的态度。写作意图题与文章出处/读者对象题一般情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力，是阅读理解题中较高层次的题目，它与文章主题不同，但又关系密切，所以可以算作主旨大意题的一种变体。从写作手法推断写作目的从字里行间推断写作目的在

10、阅读中，有时作者并未把写作意图说出来，需要阅读者在阅读、理解整体语篇的基础上，根据字面意思，通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的写作意图。【典例】（2020新高考卷阅读C）In the mid1990s，Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months，physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later，still attracted to the country，he returned to Uzbe

11、kistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit，however，ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book，Chasing the Sea：Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia，which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan，where millions of lives have bee

12、n destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land，and of the people he meets on his way：Rustam，his translator，a lovely 24yearold who picked up his colorful English in California，Oleg and Natasha，his hosts in Tashkent，and a string of foreign aid

13、workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan，made of friendliness and warmth，but also its darker side of society.In Samarkand，Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders，while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.In Ferghana，he attends a mount

14、ain funeral（葬礼） followed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan，he is saddened by the dust storms，diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references，making his tale a wellrounded picture of Uzbekistan，seen from W

15、estern eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American，as well as his delicate stomach.As the author explains，this is neither a travel nor a history book，or even a piece of reportage.Whatever it is，the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.11. What

16、is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce a book.B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.C. To remember a writer.D. To recommend a travel destination.【分析】第一步审读题目找出题干关键词：the purpose of this text第二步从字里行间推断写作目的：迅速读懂原文理清文章脉络：文章开头引出汤姆比塞尔写书的背景，从第二段到最后一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价。第三步仔细比对选项：全文围绕着这本书展开，目的就是向读者介绍

17、并推荐这本书。文章出处要从文章结构、语言特色和标志信息着手，结合文章的具体内容来断定。确定读者对象要从文章内容和文章措辞来判断。熟知8类文体判文章出处3步确定读者对象【典例】（2019全国卷阅读C）As data and identity theft becomes more and more common，the market is growing for biometric （生物测量）technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private espaces.At present，these technologies a

18、re still expensive，though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device （装置） that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence （节奏） with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offe

19、r a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine peoples identities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardle

20、ss of whether someone gets the password right.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebook.C. A novel.D. A magazine.【分析】第一步确定题干中的关键信息：this text most likely from第二步定位到原文，寻找相关信息：根据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及第二段中的“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device.”，尤

21、其是其中的关键词researchers，lowcost device等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道。第三步结合文章的具体内容合理推断得出答案：科研报道最有可能出现在杂志上。【检测训练】1Its almost spring, the time of year when the change in seasons could lead to some pretty fascinating cloud activity in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in a citizen science

22、cloud observation challenge.The GLOBE Program is an international science and education program providing the public with the opportunity to participate in the scientific process. From March 15 through April 15, citizen scientists can make up to 10 cloud observations per day using the GLOBE Observer

23、 app or one of the other data entry options （for trained GLOBE members）. Challenge participants with the most observations will be congratulated by a NASA scientist in a video posted on the GLOBE Programs website and social media.“The GLOBE Program is offering this challenge to show how important it

24、 is to NASA to have citizen scientist observations from ground up,” said Marile Colon Robles, lead for the GLOBE Clouds team at NASAs Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia.Researchers use and value this citizen science cloud data because it helps confirm data from Earth-observing instruments.

25、Scientists at Langley work with a set of six instruments known as the Clouds and the Earths Radiant Energy System （CERES）. Even though CERES instruments use advanced technology, it is not always easy for researchers to positively identify all types of clouds in their images.For example, it can be di

26、fficult to tell thin, wispy cirrus clouds （细小的卷云） from snow, since both are cold and bright; it is even more so when cirrus clouds are above a surface with patchy snow （片状雪） or snow cover. One solution is to look at satellite images from a particular area and compare them to data submitted by citize

27、n scientists on the ground.“Looking at what an observer recorded as clouds and looking at their surface observations really helps us better understand the images that were matched from the satellite,” said Colon Robles.You dont have to be a cloud-gazing professional to participate. For those who wan

28、t to be part of the challenge but dont have a lot of experience identifying clouds, Colon Robles offers the following advice: “Just go outside. The more clouds you observe, the more comfortable youll be collecting data.”1. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1?A. Provide background inform

29、ation.B. Present an argument.C. Attract readers attention.D. Offer advice to readers.2. Why do researchers launch the cloud observation challenge?A. The GLOBE Program is badly short of hands.B. The technology CERES uses is not advanced.C. Cirrus clouds are difficult to identify with snow cover.D. Sc

30、ientists can compare data from different instruments.3. What can we learn from the passage?A. Citizen observers can only submit data by means of an app.B. Observers with the most observations will receive a special honor.C. Observations from the ground are not as valuable as satellite images.D. The

31、data collected by citizen scientists will be posted on social media.4. Which is the best title for the passage?A. NASA to Employ New Members.B. Cloud Activities Bring a New Challenge.C. Scientists to Teach You to Observe Clouds.D. Citizens Gain Experience through Observation.【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B【

32、解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了美国宇航局和地球计划邀请你参加公民科学云观测挑战赛的相关信息，包括参加人员，参加时间，活动的意义。1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Its almost spring, the time of year when the change in seasons could lead to some pretty fascinating cloud activity in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in a citizen science cloud observa

33、tion challenge.”可知，快到春天了，一年中的这个时候，季节的变化可能会导致天空中一些非常迷人的云活动。美国宇航局和地球计划邀请你参加公民科学云观测挑战赛。由此判断出，第一段是为了吸引读者的注意力。故选C项。2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Researchers use and value this citizen science cloud data because it helps confirm data from Earth-observing instruments.”研究人员使用并重视公民科学云数据，因为它有助于确认来自地球观测仪器的数据。所以为什么研究人员要发起云观测挑

34、战是因为科学家可以比较来自不同仪器的数据。故选D项。3. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Challenge participants with the most observations will be congratulated by a NASA scientist in a video posted on the GLOBE Programs website and social media.”可知，美国宇航局的一位科学家将在GLOBE网站和社交媒体上发布一段视频，向观测最多的挑战参与者表示祝贺。由此可知，观察最多的观察家将获得特别的荣誉。故选B项。4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“根据第一段“I

35、ts almost spring, the time of year when the change in seasons could lead to some pretty fascinating cloud activity in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in a citizen science cloud observation challenge.”可知，快到春天了，一年中的这个时候，季节的变化可能会导致天空中一些非常迷人的云活动。美国宇航局和地球计划邀请你参加公民科学云观测挑战

36、赛”以及下文介绍了此次参加人员，参加时间，活动的意义。所以短文的最佳标题为“云活动带来了新的挑战”。故选B项。2Windows are a key component in a buildings design, but they are also the least energy- efficient part. According to a 2009 report by the United Nations, buildings account for 40 percent of global energy usage, and windows are responsible for ha

37、lf of that energy consumption. If conventional windows are used to better block sunlight passing into a building, they need expensive coatings. Even so, they can not adjust the indoor temperature effectively.Scientists at the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore （NTU） have developed a smart l

38、iquid window panel that can help. By creating a mixture of micro-hydrogel （水凝胶）, water, and a stabilizer, they found that it can effectively reduce energy consumption in a variety of climates. Thanks to the hydrogel, the mixture becomes hard-to-see- through when exposed to heat, thus blocking sunlig

39、ht, and, when cool, it returns to its original clear state. The high heat capacity of water allows a large amount of heat energy to be stored instead of getting transferred through the glass and into the building during the hot daytime when office buildings mainly operate. The heat will then be grad

40、ually cooled and released at night when the staff are off duty.As a proof of concept, the scientists conducted outdoor tests in hot （Singapore, Guangzhou） and cold （Beijing） environments. The Singapore test revealed that the smart liquid window had a lower temperature （50C） during the hottest time o

41、f the day （noon） compared to a normal glass window （84C）, The Beijing tests showed that the room using the smart liquid window consumed 11 percent less energy to maintain the same temperature compared to the room with a normal glass window. They also measured when the highest value of stored heat en

42、ergy of the day occurred. This temperature peak in the normal glass window was 2 pm, and in the smart liquid window was shifted to 3 pm. If this temperature peak shift leads to a shift in the time when a building needs to draw on electrical power to cool or warm the building, it should result in low

43、er energy charges for users. The research team is seeking ways to cut down the cost of producing the smart window and so far, they have found several industry partners to commercialize it.5. What is the disadvantage of conventional windows?A. They are expensive.B. They are not heatproof.C. They cont

44、ribute less to energy saving.D. They cant block light into the building.6. How does a smart liquid window panel work to cool buildings?A. By taking in much of heat energy.B. By returning to its original clear state.C. By getting most of sunlight transferred.D. By spreading sunlight in different dire

45、ctions.7. According to paragraph 3, what is the value of the temperature peak shift?A. It will make the windows long-lasting.B. It could help the building users reduce costs.C. It makes the buildings rely on no electrical power.D. It helps the windows maintain a constant temperature.8. What can we e

46、xpect of the smart window in the future?A. It will be unaffordable.B. It needs to be further improved.C. It will be widely used in the city.D. It will come onto the market soon.【答案】5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了智能液体窗面板。5. 细节理解题。根据文章“Windows are a key component in a buildings design, but they

47、are also the least energy- efficient part.（窗户是建筑设计中的一个重要组成部分，但也是最不节能的部分。）”可知，传统窗户的缺点是不节能。故选C项。6. 细节理解题。根据文章“The high heat capacity of water allows a large amount of heat energy to be stored instead of getting transferred through the glass and into the building during the hot daytime when office buil

48、dings mainly operate.（水的高热容量使大量的热能得以储存，而不是在炎热的白天通过玻璃传递到建筑物中，而办公楼主要是在白天运行。）”可知，智能液体窗面板通过吸收大量热能来冷却建筑物。故选A项。7. 推理判断题。根据文章“the room using the smart liquid window consumed 11 percent less energy to maintain the same temperature compared to the room with a normal glass window.（使用智能液体窗的房间比使用普通玻璃窗的房间要少消耗11%的能量来保持相同的温度。）”以及下文“This temperature peak in the normal glass window was 2 pm, and in the smart liquid window was shifted to 3 pm. If this temperature peak shift leads to a s