2023年高考英语话题通关精准练习题(词汇阅读写作)-11太空宇宙探索.docx

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1、专题11 太空宇宙探索备战2023高考英语话题通关精准练（词汇+阅读+写作）（教师版）目录内容板块一话题词汇过关板块二话题短语表达过关板块三话题句型练笔板块四话题阅读训练板块五话题写作训练一：话题词汇过关1. spacesuit n宇航服2. explorer n探险家;勘探者3. equipment n设备4. signal vi& vt发信号 n信号5. exist vi发生;存在;生存6. spacewalk n太空行走7. planet n行星;地球8. observation n观测9. system n体系;系统10. data n数据;资料11. function n& v作用;

2、功能;运转12. science n科学;自然科学13. scientific adj科学的14. analyse v分析15. universal adj普遍的16. foresee vt预见;预知17. achievement n成就18. succeed vi成功19. success n成功;成就20. successful adj成功的21. impact n影响;冲击22. explore vt探索23. advanced adj先进的24. exist vi存在25. astronomer n天文学家26. telescope n望远镜27. universe n宇宙28. as

3、tronomy n天文学29. shuttle n飞机30. foresee v预测31. statistics n统计数字32. galaxy n星系33. movement n运行34. latitude n纬度35. spectacle n 景象；奇观36. observatory n 天文台37. telescope n 望远镜38. spacecraft n 字宙飞船39. orbit n 轨道40. probe n 探测器41. polar adj 两极的42. flyby n 飞越43. collision n 碰撞44. fossil n 化石45. sample n 样品；样

4、本46. composition n 合成物47. dimension n 范围；维度48. compound n 复合物49. spectrum n 光谱；系列50. discernible adj 可辨别的51. invasion n 入侵52. invisible adj 看不见的53. sunset n 日落54. enormity n 巨大55. tidal adj 潮汐的56. longitude n经度57. land vt登陆;降落58. equator n赤道59. indicate v表明60. prove v 证实61. rocket 火箭 62. launch pad

5、发射台 63. booster 助推器 64. mission 任务65. countdown 倒计时 66. land 登陆 67. manned 载人的68. incredible adj难以置信的69. mystery n谜70. complex adj复杂的71. mysterious adj神秘的72. remain v仍然是73. unsolved adj未解决的74. disappearance n消失75. strange adj奇怪的76. curiosity n 好奇心二：话题短语表达过关1. would-be astronauts准宇航员2. sleep in priva

6、te quarters睡在私人的房间里3. conduct scientific research进行科学研究4. in other research fields在其他研究领域5. land on the Moon登上月球6. make major contributions作出了重大贡献7. have access to space travel能到太空旅游8. enhance the quality of humans lives提高人类的生活质量9. with the development of science and technology随着科技的发展10. do/work won

7、ders创造奇迹11. have a negative effect有负面影响12. test new equipment检测新设备13. be curious about对好奇 14. be related to和有关15. pay special attention to对特别注意 16. learn more about space多了解太空17. manned spaceship/spacecraft载人飞船18. realise ones dream实现梦想19. send people into space把人送入太空20. one giant leap for mankind人类

8、的一大步21. a space station太空站22. the outer space外太空23. make great progress取得巨大进步24. make measurements and observations做测量和观察25. solar system太阳系;类太阳系26. space exploration太空探索27. make a discovery做出发现28. the unknown不为人知的地方;人类尚未到达的地方29. amazing natural features神奇的自然特征30. supernatural powers超自然的力量31. the un

9、explained phenomenon 无法解释的现象32. scientific explanation 科学解释33. find out 找出,查明34. look into 调查35. work out 找到(解决办法)36. concrete evidence证据确凿三：话题句型练笔1：As well as doing these biological experiments,we carry out experiments in other research fields 除了做这些生物实验,我们还在其他研究领域进行实验。2：Splendid as the view of the

10、Earth is,spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think虽然地球的景色十分壮观,但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。3：In the early s,Galileo was the first to use his telescope to explore the sky and since then,telescopes have continually improved在世纪早期,伽利略是第一个使用望远镜探索天空的人,从那时起,望远镜不断改进。4：These disasters made everyone sad and

11、 disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失过。5：Despite the difficulties,scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future尽管有许多困难,科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的,

12、而且还能帮助我们更好地生存到未来。6：For example,using current technology, it would take over two years to get to the closest planet,Mars,and back例如,使用当前的技术,到达最近的行星火星,之后再返回将需要花费两年多的时间。四：话题阅读训练（A）Liu Yang, Chinas first female astronaut, reportedly, has touched the hearts of millions with a letter to her two children t

13、hat was made public after she set off into space for the second time earlier this month.“Youre my strongest armor (盔甲) and softest spot. I didnt allow you to see me off at the launch site because I was afraid that I would burst into tears, ”Liu wrote in the letter to her daughter, 8, and son, 6, jus

14、t days before being launched into space for the second time on June 5 on the Shenzhou XIV mission.Liu, 43, became Chinas first female astronaut in 2012, when she spent 13 days in space during the Shenzhou IX mission. During the Shenzhou XIV mission, she will stay at the Tiangong space station for si

15、x months, working with two male colleagues to complete the construction of the station.Many people said that Lius words allowed them to see that a national hero is also an ordinary mother, and they wished for her safe return.“Liu fully expressed her love for her children in the letter. It brought te

16、ars to my eyes,” commented one netizen on Sina Weibo, Chinas Twitter-like micro-blogging platform.“I feel more confident and relaxed, Liu told the media ahead of the launch of the Shenzhou XIV mission.“When I was about to return to the orbital module during the Shenzhou IX mission, I stopped and tur

17、ned around to salute (致敬) the experimental space station module that I stayed in. At that moment, I told myself that I would come back to space in the near future. I didnt expect the near future to be a decade long,” Liu said.In the letter, she encouraged her children not to be afraid of failure whi

18、le pursuing their dreams. Liu added that she felt sorry that she could not be there for her son on his first day at primary school. “Although I cannot be with you, I wont love you any less,” she wrote in the letter. “My babies, if you miss me, just look up into the starry sky. Every time you see the

19、 stars twinkle, its because I m saying I love you.”1What is the common reason for Lius and netizens tears?ALius affection for her children.BLius indifferent expressions.CLius separation from her family.DLius refusal to meet with her kids.2Which of the following best describes Liu taking over the She

20、nzhou XIV mission?AConsiderate and excited.BTalkative and expectant.CReady and honest.DConfident and equipped.3What is Lius purpose of writing this letter?ATo encourage kids to try.BTo say goodbye to her children.CTo catch public attention.DTo praise the spirit of space.4From which is the text proba

21、bly taken?AA science magazine.BA woman autobiography.CA Chinese textbook.DA news coverage.参考答案：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国第一位女性宇航员刘洋，在第二次升空后给孩子留的信感动了数百万人的故事。1细节理解题。根据第二段“Youre my strongest armor and softest spot. I didnt allow you to see me off at the launch site because I was afraid that I would burst into

22、 tears (你是我最坚强的盔甲，也是我最柔软的地方。我不让你去发射场为我送行，因为我怕我会哭出来)” 以及第五段“Liu fully expressed her love for her children in the letter. It brought tears to my eyes (刘在信中充分表达了她对孩子们的爱，这让我热泪盈眶)”可知，使刘洋和网友流泪的主要原因是刘洋对她孩子的深深的爱。故选A。2推理判断题。根据第六段“I feel more confident and relaxed (我感到更加自信和放松)”以及第七段“I stopped and turned aroun

23、d to salute the experimental space station module that I stayed in. At that moment, I told myself that I would come back to space in the near future. I didnt expect the near future to be a decade long (我停下脚步，转过身来，向我所在的空间站实验舱致敬。在那一刻，我告诉自己在不久的将来我会回到太空。 我没想到“不久的将来”会是十年 )”可知，刘洋对这次任务是自信的而且有万全准备的。故选D。3推理判

24、断题。根据最后一段“Liu added that she felt sorry that she could not be there for her son on his first day at primary school. (刘补充说，她很遗憾不能在儿子上小学的第一天陪伴在他身边。)”以及“Although I cannot be with you, I wont love you any less (虽然我不能和你在一起，但我不会减少对你的爱)”可知，正是因为刘洋对离开她的孩子的不舍之情和对她孩子的爱她才写这封信向她的孩子们告别。故选B。4推理判断题。根据第一段“Liu Yang,

25、Chinas first female astronaut, reportedly, has touched the hearts of millions with a letter to her two children that was made public after she set off into space for the second time earlier this month. (据报道，中国首位女宇航员刘洋在本月早些时候第二次升空后，给两个孩子写了一封信，这封信被公之于众，感动了数百万人的心。)”可知，文章最有可能出自新闻报道。故选D。（B） Bacteria are

26、an annoying problem for astronauts.The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station,so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem?Its turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just

27、 any kids.It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms,like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport,New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years,Gordons students have been st

28、udying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,and they think theyre close to a solution(解决方案).“We dont give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold,a project manager.“There are no tests,” Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are no gra

29、des,other than Are you working towards your goal?Basically,its Ive got to produce this product and then,at the end of the year,present it to NASA.Engineers come and really do an in-person review,and. its not a very nice thing at times.Its a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH

30、 program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I dont teach.” And that annoying bacteria?Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,readying a workable solution to tes

31、t in space.1.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A.They are hard to get rid of. B.They lead to air pollution.C.They appear in different forms. D.They damage the instruments.2.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A.To strengthen teacher-student relationships.B.To

32、 sharpen students communication skills.C.To allow students to experience zero gravity.D.To link space technology with school education.3.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A.Check their product. B.Guide project designs.C.Adjust work schedules. D.Grade their homework.4.What

33、 is the best title for the text?A.NASA:The Home of AstronautsB.Space:The Final Homework FrontierC.Nature:An Outdoor ClassroomD.HUNCH:A College Admission Reform参考答案：1.A解析 推理判断题。第一段的第二句提到,来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面会无法控制地生长,所以宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们。由此可知,在国际空间站,很难除掉细菌。2. D解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“HUNCH is designed to conn

34、ect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.”可知,该项目设计的目的是把教室和NASA的工程师们连接起来。分析选项可知,D项与该意思一致。3. A解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“.Ive got to produce this product and then,at the end of the year,present it to NASA.Engineers come and really do an in-person review.”可知,NASA的工程师们要亲自检查他们的成果。4.B解析 主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章的最后一句可知

35、,戈登的学生每天都会给NASA的工程师发邮件,讨论这个问题,为太空测试准备一个可行的解决方案,故B项“太空:最后的作业前沿”作为文章的标题最合适。（C）Chinas Tianwen 1 Mars probe (探测器)conducted its fourth orbital (correction on Friday evening, as the spacecraft makes ready for its arrival in orbit around Feb. 10, according to the China National Space Administration.The nam

36、e comes from the long poem Tianwen, meaning Heavenly Questions or Questions to Heaven, written by Qu Yuan, one of the greatest poets of ancient China. In Tianwen, this name conveys the Chinese nations steady effort in pursuing truth and culture of exploring nature and the universe. CNSA also unveile

37、d (发布)the logo of Chinas planetary exploration missions, featuring the letter C , signifying China, international cooperation and capacity of entering space.Tianwen 1 has flown for 197 days and more than 465 million kilometers on its journey to the planet. It is now around 184 million km from Earth

38、and 1. 1 million km from Mars. Depending on the two planets, orbits, Mars is between 55 and 400 million km from Earth. Mars probe Tianwen 1 is seen in its first selfies in space on Oct. 1,2020. The administration also published a black-and-white picture of Mars taken by Tianwen 1 , the first snapsho

39、t (抓拍的照片)from the Chinese craft.Tianwen 1 , the countrys first independent Mars mission, was launched by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket on July 23 from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province, kicking off the nations planetary exploration program.A successful landing would make

40、 China only the second nation lo place a spacecraft on the Martian planet. China would also be the first to successfully orbit, land and deploy (部署)a vehicle in the same mission. According to experts, searching for signs of life on Mars will be the first and foremost scientific goal. China is open a

41、nd inclusive in the development of its space technology not least because it believes that the exploration of outer space should help build a community with a shared future for mankind1.Why is Qu Yuans poem mentioned in the text?A.To tell the origin of space exploration.B.To describe space explorati

42、on vividly.C.To highlight the importance of space exploration.D.To show Chinese continuous struggle in space exploration.2.The main idea of Paragraph 3 is about Tianwen 1s_.A.functionB.developmentC.operationD.structure3.What is the essential goal of exploring Mars?A.To build a common future for man.

43、B.To prove our achievement in space research.C.To discover signs of life on this planet.D.To expand the understanding of the space.4.What can we learn from the text?A.Letter C Logo symbolizes creation between countries.B.China was the first nation to land a spacecraft on Mars.C.Tianwen 1 made its fi

44、fth orbital correction around Feb. 10.D.Tianwen 1 started a new chapter in Chinese planetary exploration.参考答案：1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The name comes from the long poem Tianwen, meaning Heavenly Questions or Questions to Heaven, written by Qu Yuan, one of the greatest poets of ancient China. In Tianwen, this

45、 name conveys the Chinese nations steady effort in pursuing truth and culture of exploring nature and the universe. ”这个名字来自中国古代最伟大的诗人之一屈原写的长诗天问,意思是向天提问。“天文”这个名字,体现了中华民族对真理的不懈追求和探索自然、宇宙的文化。可知文中提到屈原的诗是为了表现中国人在太空探索中的不断奋斗。故选D。2.主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Tianwen I has flown for 197 days and more than 465 million kil

46、ometers on its journey to the planet. It is now around 184 million km from Earth and I. I million km from Mars. Depending on the two planets orbits, Mars is between 55 and 400 million km from Earth. Mars probe Tianwen I is seen in its first selfies in space on Oct. 1, 2020.”飞船已经飞行了197天,行程超过4.65亿公里。它

47、现在距离地球约1.84亿公里,距离火星约1亿公里。根据这两颗行星的轨道,火星距离地球5500万到4亿公里。2020年10月1日,火星探测器“天文一号”在太空中首次自拍。可知第三段主要讲解的是飞船的运行状况。故选C项。3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“According to experts, searching for signs of life on Mars will be the first and foremost scientific goal.” 专家表示,在火星上寻找生命迹象将是首要的科学目标。可知来发现这个星球上的生命迹象是探索火星的基本目标。故选C项。4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“A successful landing would make China only the second nation to place a spacecraft on the Martian planet. China would also be the first to successfully orbit, land and deploy ( 部署) a vehicle in the same mission