2022年高考英语人教版第二轮复习知识点精讲解密15阅读理解之词义猜测题(二).docx

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1、四、语境推断法：任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。1根据对比关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。例如：A childs birthday party doesn

2、t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.What does the underlined word hassle (paragraph 1) probably mean?A. a party designed by specialistsB. a plan requiring careful thoughtC. a situation causing difficulty or troubleD. a demand made by guests根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理

3、解题的答案为C。2根据比较关系猜测词义同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。例如：Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是健谈的。3根据因果关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测

4、生词词义。例如：I feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .The word presumptuous in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to _ .Afull of respectBtoo confident and rudeClacking in experienceDtoo shy and quiet根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（既然你是我的上司），我们可以推断这里

5、presumptuous的意思是：冒失的，放肆的意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves.根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：修剪（树枝等）的意思。4根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。例如：William Shakespeare said. The web of o

6、ur life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.The underlined word mingled in the last paragraph most probably means .Asimple Bmixed Csad Dhappy句中good and ill together 更具体地说明了 a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：混合的，交织的，答案是：B。Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The a

7、nswer is yes, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers.根据and three other medical centers 这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Johns Hopkins 是一家医疗中心。经典解析【2020全国卷II，C】The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized an

8、imals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Moutons job these days is trying to pr

9、omote fur.30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Boomed.B. Became mature.C. Remained stable.D. Crashed.答案：30. D解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multipl

10、ied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。五、构词推断法：阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，

11、前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能的，可的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。1根据前缀猜测词义例如：Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?根据词根educational （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。2根据后缀猜测词义例如：Its a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized

12、 Cornish fishing village on Englands most southerly point后缀 -ise/ize意思是使成为；使化，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：未被商业化的。3根据复合词的各部分猜测词义例如：Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prev

13、ent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是设计精巧的意思。We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists.根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和produce （生产）

14、，我们可以推测 mass-produce的意思是：大批量生产；规模生产的意思。经典解析【2020山东卷，D】 According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people

15、 who order large portions(份), its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.答案：13. D.解析：词义猜测题。根据构词法，bean:指豆子；pole: 杆子，合起来，豆杆一样的人，可知，此处指又高又瘦的人。另外结合语境，前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相反。故选D。