2023届高考英语复习课时作业提能(十)unit10　饮食与健康.docx

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1、.写作词汇1affect v使感染(疾病)影响使感动；打动2blind adj.失明的；盲的视而不见的；盲目的v.使失明；使看不见；挡住；隐藏3blood n血，血液；血统4burn v(使)烧伤；(使)烫伤；(使)晒伤(使)燃烧；(使)烧着烧糊；烧焦n.烧伤；烫伤；烧伤处5 n咖啡馆；餐馆6cancer n癌；癌症7cook v烹调；烧；煮n.厨师；炊事员8course n一道菜过程；历程；进程课程；课程时间路线；航线行动方式；处理方式跑道；(高尔夫)球场9cure v治疗；治愈(疾病)治愈(病人)n疗法；药物治疗；痊愈10diet n(为健康或减肥的)规定饮食日常饮食；日常食物v.节食；按

2、规定进食11dinner n正餐；主餐宴会12disabled adj.丧失能力的；有残疾的13disease n病；疾病14dish n一道菜盘；碟v.盛于盘中15feed v喂养；饲养；养活吃东西；进食n.一餐；一顿16feel v摸起来；(用身体)感觉；觉得(心里)感到以为；认为n.触摸；感觉；气氛17fresh adj.新鲜的；新产的；(颜色)鲜艳的(空气、气候)清新的；凉爽的(水)淡的18harm n伤害；损害；危害v.伤害；损害harmful adj.有害的19health n健康；卫生20heat v(使)变热；(使)变暖；(使)激动n热；热量高温；炎热；(烹饪时的)温度暖气21

3、hurt v使受伤(使)疼痛(使)痛心；(使)伤心n.创伤；伤痛；打击22medical adj.医学的；医疗的medicine n药(物)；内服药医学；医术23mental adj.精神的；心理的；脑力的24mix v(使)混合；(使)掺和；(使)融合调制；调配交往；相处；交际n.混合；混合物25nurse v看护；照料调治；调养n.护士；保姆26order n订购；订单；点菜条理；秩序命令v订购；点(饭菜等)命令；指示27pain n(肉体上的)痛；疼痛(精神上的)痛苦；苦恼28physical adj.身体的；肉体的物质的；实物的物理的；自然的29pressure n(精神上的，外界施加

4、的)压力压；按；(物理学)压力30recover v恢复(意识、知觉等)恢复(健康；常态)重新获得31rescue v营救n.救援；营救32risk n危险；风险危险人物；会带来风险的事物v.冒的危险；冒险干33season v给调味；加佐料n.季；季节；时节；时令34serious adj.严重的重大的；重要的严肃的；认真的只用于名词前热衷的35serve v(在饮食方面)服务；接待(为)服务；(为)工作；(为)服役提供；满足的需要适合；(对)起作用36shock n休克(精神上的)震惊；打击；令人震惊的事(爆炸、地震等引起的)剧烈震动；冲击v.使震惊；使气愤37sick adj.有病的；患

5、病的恶心的；要呕吐的38stress n压力；紧张重音v.强调；着重；重读39suffer v遭受/经历(痛苦、损害等)受苦；感到疼痛；患病变差；变糟suffering n疼痛；痛苦40sweet adj.香甜的；甜美的；新鲜的n.糖果；甜食41taste v尝起来；有的味道尝；品尝；尝出的味道n.味道口味；爱好鉴赏力；品味42temperature n体温；温度43tired adj.疲劳的；累的厌烦的；厌倦的44treatment n治疗；疗法对待；处理45upset adj.(肠胃)不适的心烦意乱的；难过的v使生气；使心烦意乱46vegetable n蔬菜；植物47weak adj.虚弱

6、的(能力等)差的48weight n重量；体重.重点短语1be rich in富含2care for 关心；照顾喜欢想要3die of/from死于4get over 从()中恢复过来越过(墙等)；克服(困难等)5have an operation on/operate on给做手术6keep fit/healthy保持健康7take care of 照顾；爱护负责8wear out (使)疲乏；(使)耗尽；(使)厌倦穿破；磨损9be/go on a diet节食10be particular about对讲究11dine/eat out外出用餐12free from/of不含13break

7、down (身体)垮掉；(机器或车辆)出故障(谈判等)失败把分成若干部分(以方便做或理解)14send for派人去请15side effect副作用16stay up熬夜.阅读理解AChinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world.Who doesnt long for a favorite Chinese dish? But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard in the West，a

8、nd which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the Eastthe ancient custom of tonic food.Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve ones wellbeing or avoid sickness.For instance，it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil hotpot every day for the first month after givin

9、g birth.It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles，reduce pain，improve circulation，stimulate sweating，and warm the body.Some foods，such as goat meat and spinach (菠菜)，are seen as “hot”，while others，such as Chinese cabbage and radishes (小萝卜)，are seen as “cold”One should be careful not to

10、 eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food.However，how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year，how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individuals health.The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering ind

11、ustry.Chinese herbal medicines，such as the wolfberry (枸杞子)，can be found on many a restaurant menu，either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish.These herbs attract customers，such as overworked office staff，in need of a modest pickmeup.So，whether you need to boost your strength with

12、 a large helping of chicken soup，or increase your mental powers with a serving of pig brain soup，you may find that this ancient Chinese custom could be just the tonic you were looking for.语篇解读本文主要介绍了中国滋补食物的相关内容。1What is the present situation of tonic food?AIt is catching less attention.BIt is enjoye

13、d by many young people.CIt is well known worldwide.DIt is becoming increasingly popular.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard in the West，and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the Eastthe ancient custom of tonic f

14、ood.”可知，目前滋补食物不再受到追捧。故选A。答案：A2What is believed to benefit new mothers?AChinese cabbage.BFruit tea.CSesame oil hotpot.DPig brain soup.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“For instance，it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil hotpot every day for the first month after giving birth.”可知，人们认为麻油焖罐对新妈妈有益。答案

15、：C3Which of the following best explains “catering” underlined in paragraph 3?AMedicine.BRestaurant.CEducation. DFashion.解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句“Chinese herbal medicines，such as the wolfberry，can be found on many a restaurant menu，either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish.”可推知，滋补食物对餐饮

16、业有一定的影响，故catering与restaurant意思相近。答案：B4What can be a suitable title for the text?AThe Charm of Chinese CuisineBThe Popularity of Tonic FoodCAn Introduction to Chinese Tonic FoodDDifferences Between Hot Food and Cold Food解析：标题归纳题。根据第二段第一句“Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve ones wellbeing

17、or avoid sickness.”和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要对中国的滋补食物进行了简要的介绍。答案：CBIf youre a coffee lover，you know that drinking coffee is a complex and enjoyable experiencetheres the pleasant smell，the comforting warmth，and the loveliness of the ritual (仪式) of sitting down with a fresh cup.But if you focus on the actual t

18、aste of coffee on your tongue，theres no getting around the fact that its quite bitter，and bitterness isnt always a most pleasant taste.But according to a new study from Northwestern University，coffee lovers arent less sensitive to the bitter taste，as you might guess; theyre actually more sensitive t

19、o it.The researchers wanted to see how peoples sensitivity to different bitter tastes had connection with their level of coffee drinking.So they looked at data from over 400，000 people，from the UK Biobank，which contains genetic information about these people.The team focused on three different bitte

20、r tastes：caffeine，quinine，a bitter drug and propylthiouracil，a synthetic (合成的) bitter chemical.They related these data with information about how much coffee people drank.People with genes indicating high sensitivity to quinine and propylthiouracil tended to drink less coffee on average.But，unexpect

21、edly，people with genes showing sensitivity to the bitterness of caffeine tended to drink more coffee.But why would this be the case? According to the researchers，“Our inborn hate for bitterness is to prevent poisonous food.” They suggest a psychological phenomenon: Its possible that coffee consumers

22、 acquire a taste for caffeine when they learn the positive influence caused by caffeine.In other words，we learn the association between two partsthe bitter taste of caffeine and the energy improvement we get from it.After a few experiences with the connection，we learn that the bitterness indicates e

23、nergy，and we want more of that，just like Pavlovs dogs salivated (分泌唾液) to the sound of a bell，having learned that food would follow.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。咖啡很苦，可是很多人都爱喝。为什么苦的东西也有人喜欢呢？5Which of the following can replace the underlined part in paragraph 1?Ait is no wonderBthere is no doubtCit used to be thought

24、 Dthere is no possibility解析：句意理解题。根据画线部分后面的内容可知，咖啡很苦这是不可否认的事实，故选B。答案：B6What can we learn from the researchers study?ACaffeine itself can be used as a drug.BOur love for coffee is affected by our genes.CThose who are sensitive to bitterness like coffee.DMany factors affect peoples sensitivity to the

25、bitter taste.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But，unexpectedly，people with genes showing sensitivity to the bitterness of caffeine tended to drink more coffee.”可知，人们是否喜欢喝咖啡跟基因有关。答案：B7Why do people naturally hate bitter food according to the text?ATo avoid any energy loss.BTo stay away from a bad taste.CTo forget th

26、eir unpleasant experience.DTo protect them from possible dangerous food.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Our inborn hate for bitterness is to prevent poisonous food.”可推知，人们天生不喜欢苦的东西，其实是一种生存机制在发挥作用，避免吃到有毒的食物。答案：D8What does the text mainly talk about?AWhat does it feel like to be a coffee lover?BWhy do some of us lik

27、e the taste of coffee?CWhy are some people sensitive to bitterness?DWhats the hidden benefit of drinking coffee?解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文解释了为什么有人喜欢喝咖啡，故选B。答案：B.完形填空On my way back home I was stopped at traffic lights by some people who asked for help.A womanin her attempt to give 1 to an ambulancehad driven

28、 her car over stony obstacles that separated the bike line from the street，and，as a result，had gotten her car 2 She couldnt move the car in any 3 without damaging it.A couple of people tried to 4 the car back but the obstacles were too high.Seeing that they couldnt do much about it，they left.The wom

29、an in the car tried to 5 some service，and was told that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there.While watching the other people 6 ，I realized the woman would be on her own and I imagined how 7 that would be if I were in her shoes.After some talking，she 8 me to sit inside her car.I wa

30、snt in a hurry，so I 9 my family that I would be later and then tried to 10 the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others 11 But actually it wasnt too much trouble 12 they could still pass，and also there wasnt anything she could do about it 13 We laughed and 14 that all we needed was som

31、e tea for our picnic.Finally 15 came and helped her back on the street.She 16 me and asked for my phone number so she could return the 17 ，but I told her it was okay.She seemed to feel much 18 when we said our goodbyes.I believe that not having to face a difficult situation 19 can make a lot of 20 语

32、篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者安慰并帮助一位在马路上因为给救护车让行而陷入困境的女士的故事。1A.signalBwayCtime Dhelp解析：一位女士试图给一辆救护车让行。give way to.“给让行”，为固定搭配。故选B。答案：B2A.stuck BbrokenCdirty Dabandoned解析：根据下文“She couldnt move the car”可推知，因为给救护车让行，这位女士的车卡(stuck)在那里不能动弹。答案：A3A.sense BminuteCdirection Dline解析：在不损坏车的情况下，无论往哪个方向(direction)都无法移动。答案

33、：C4A.lift BholdCpull Ddrive解析：根据上文“She couldnt move the car”以及下文“but the obstacles were too high”可推知，车子卡在那里，障碍物太高，不能被抬(lift)回来。答案：A5A.offer BseekCrefuse Dtake解析：那位女士在车里试图寻求(seek)一些服务。答案：B6A.shout BdiscussCstand Dleave解析：根据上文中的“Seeing that they couldnt do much about it，they left.”可知，当时其他人因为帮不了什么忙，都走开

34、(leave)了。答案：D7A.amazing BpleasantCuneasy Dincredible解析：根据上文可知，那位女士的车被卡在障碍物上，其他人又帮不上忙，作者将心比心，觉得在那样的情况下那位女士一定不舒服(uneasy)，与下文“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others 11 ”呼应。答案：C8A.forced BinvitedCordered Dallowed解析：根据语境可推知，那位女士邀请(invited)作者坐进她的车里。答案：B9A.consulted BwarnedCadvised Dinf

35、ormed解析：根据语境及下文“I would be later”可推知，作者是知会(informed)家人一些情况。答案：D10A.persuade BcomfortCfrighten Dsatisfy解析：根据空后的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others 11 ”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦虑不安，作者试图安慰(comfort)她，这与下文“We laughed and 14 that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.”呼应。答案：B11A.trouble Bd

36、isbeliefCanxiety Dembarrassment解析：根据下文中的“But actually it wasnt too much trouble 12 they could still pass”可推知，那位女士为给他人带来麻烦(trouble)而感到焦虑不安。答案：A12A.though BuntilCsince Dunless解析：根据语境可推知，此处前后内容表示逻辑上的因果关系。故since“因为”符合语境。答案：C13A.anyway BthereforeCstill Dsomehow解析：根据上文“She couldnt move the car in any 3 wi

37、thout damaging it.”可推知，无论如何(anyway)，那位女士对当时那种情况也是无能为力的。答案：A14A.remembered BrealizedCthought Djoked解析：由空前的“We laughed”可推知，作者和那位女士当时都笑了，并且开着玩笑(joked)。答案：D15A.news Bmy partnerCassistance Dan ambulance解析：根据空后的“helped her back on the street”可推知，最终援助(assistance)到了，帮那位女士回到了路上。答案：C16A.greeted BthankedCaccep

38、ted Dattracted解析：根据语境可知，作者去安慰那位受困的女士，那位女士在最终解困后应是感谢(thanked)作者。答案：B17A.car BcompanyCfavor Dpicnic解析：根据语境可推知，那位女士想要作者的电话号码，以回报作者的帮助(favor)。 答案：C18A.nervous BunwillingCdisappointed Dbetter解析：根据语境可知，那位女士从困境中解脱出来，感觉比之前好了许多。故D项符合语境。答案：D19A.alone BbravelyCbitterly Ddirectly解析：根据上文可知，由于作者的帮助和安慰，那位女士最终心情变得好

39、了许多，由此可推知，她当时不是独自(alone)面对困境。答案：A20A.decision BfortuneCchoice Ddifference解析：作者认为不用独自面对困境可以产生很大影响(difference)。答案：D.语法填空Power walking is a style of walking performed at a rapid，energetic pace.There is no special1. (require) for you to start except a pair of comfortable walking shoes，and a love of fres

40、h outdoor air.Power walking offers many benefits.Walking at a quick pace of 4 mph 2. (burn) around 300 calories per hour.3. (consequent)，power walking，in addition to a healthy diet，helps manage your weight.Also，power walking decreases the risks of serious 4. (disease) like high blood pressure，heart

41、attack and certain types of cancers.Power walking helps reduce the stress associated with daytoday living.5. (remove) yourself from the busy home atmosphere or 6. (stress) office environment for a power walk can leave you refreshed and energetic.Power walking uses both upper body and lower body stre

42、ngth，7. results in stronger muscles and bones.And 8. (improve) body conditioning makes 9. easy for you to carry out daily tasks.Power walking can transport you to your destination.You not just avoid the need for a car 10. save money on gas as well.If the family dog needs a walk and you need a workou

43、t，power walking is a convenient way to do both at the same time.This activity fits all different lifestyles.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。快走是一种对身心健康有益的运动方式。只要有一双舒适的步行鞋和对户外新鲜空气的热爱，你就可以开始快走运动。1解析：考查词性转换。本空前面有形容词special修饰，需用require的名词形式。答案：requirement2解析：考查时态和主谓一致。该句说的是一般性的情况，故用一般现在时；动名词短语“Walking at a quick pace of 4

44、mph”作主语，谓语动词用单数。答案：burns3解析：考查词性转换。空格中所填单词在句中修饰整个句子，需用consequent的副词形式；位于句首注意首字母要大写。答案：Consequently4解析：考查名词单复数。由句中“like high blood pressure，heart attack and certain types of cancers”可知，这里说的是多种疾病，故用disease的复数形式。 答案：diseases5解析：考查非谓语动词。“Removing yourself from the busy home atmosphere or.”是动名词短语作主语。答案：R

45、emoving6解析：考查词性转换。空格中所填单词在句中作定语修饰office environment，需用stress的形容词形式。答案：stressful7解析：考查关系词。此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容，关系代词which在从句中作主语。答案：which8解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为过去分词作定语，修饰body conditioning。答案：improved9解析：考查代词。it在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语“to carry out daily tasks”。答案：it10解析：考查固定搭配。not just.but.as well是习惯搭配，意思是“不仅而且”。答案：but写作规范练(六)单独成册：对应学生用书第214页.短文改错Sunday，Sept. 10 FineToday is Teachers Day.In the afternoon，I attend the school celebration.Our principal first made an