2023届新教材新高考英语外研版一轮学案-语法专项突破专题二第三讲　名词和数词.docx

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1、第三讲名词和数词典例感悟答题微点1.(2021全国卷甲)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.2(2021全国卷乙) (activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to h

2、ave a low impact on the natural environment.3(2021浙江卷1月)It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared.4(2020浙江卷1月)For Japan, the (number) are more striking22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.5(2018浙江卷)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook

3、. Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.语法填空解题“3定向”1根据修饰词确定名词的单复数形式(1)不定冠词a，an后用名词单数形式。(2)有these，those，several，many，all，both，a pair of，a variety of，different或数词等修饰时名词用复数形式。(3)名词前有one of, among时用名词复数形式。2根据谓语动词确定名词的单复数形式名词作主语时，如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are，要考虑用名词的复数形式。3根据常识和句意确定名词的单复数形式及数词形式

4、表示两个(或两个以上)的可数名词及并列名词时，名词需用复数形式。1解析：watchtowers考查名词单复数。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。2解析：Activities考查名词单复数。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。3解析：persons考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格persons。4解析：numbers考查名词单复数。根据下文的are可知这

5、里需要填写number的复数形式。5解析：dishes考查名词单复数。dish是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式dishes。重点一名词的数1规则可数名词的5种复数变化形式变化规则例词一般情况下在词尾直接加sbookbooksmouthmouths以s，x, ch，sh 结尾的名词在词尾加esglassglassesboxboxesmatchmatchesbrushbrushes以辅音字母y结尾的名词变y为i再加escountrycountriespartypartiesfactoryfactories以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加sradios，zoos，pianos，kilos，phot

6、os有些在词尾加esheroheroespotatopotatoestomatotomatoes以f, fe结尾的名词一般要变f或fe为v再加eslifelivesknifeknives少数直接加sroofroofsbeliefbeliefs2.有些可数名词复数形式不是以加s或es构成，它们的构成形式不规则变化规则例词变内部元音manmen；womanwomen；footfeet；mousemice; toothteeth词尾加en或renoxoxen；childchildren单复数同形sheep，deer，means (方式；方法)，series，Chinese，Swiss 名师点津fis

7、h表示“鱼肉”时，为不可数名词，表示“条数”时，其复数形式与单数形式相同，但表示不同种类的鱼时，其复数形式为fishes。3合成可数名词的复数(1)若有中心词，则把中心词变成复数；若无中心词，则把最后一个词变成复数。如：passerbypassersby；sisterinlawsistersinlaw；grownupgrownups(2)“man/womann.”变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数，如：woman engineerwomen engineers4常考的不可数名词(1)表物质的不可数名词：baggage/luggage (行李)，cash (现金)，meat

8、(肉)，paper (纸张)等。(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词：work (工作)，knowledge (知识)，luck (运气)，scenery (风景)，traffic (交通)等。(3)永远不可数的重点名词：advice (建议)，equipment (设备)，fun (乐趣)，furniture (家具)，progress (进步)，news/word (消息)等。5抽象名词的具体化抽象名词(不可数)具体化(表达个体概念时，是可数名词)surprise惊讶a surprise一件令人惊讶的事success成功a success一个(件)成功的人(事)honour荣誉an honour一

9、个(件)引起尊敬的人(事)failure失败a failure一个(件)失败的人(事)beauty美；美丽a beauty美丽的人或事物pleasure乐趣a pleasure一件乐事6.有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等，如：congratulations (祝贺)，regards (问候)，respects (敬意)，thanks (谢谢)，wishes (祝愿)等。7一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有：make friends with与交朋友shake hands with . 与握手take measures 采取措施make preparations for 为做准备i

10、n high spirits 兴高采烈地题组微练单句语法填空1(2020浙江卷7月) Later, they learned to work with the (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.解析：seasons考查名词单复数。根据常识和语境可知，人们开始按照季节更替来种植庄稼。故填seasons。2(2021“安徽示范高中皖北协作区”联考) Private businesses account fo

11、r more than 90 percent of local businesses, with more than 100 (company) listed at home and abroad.解析：companies考查名词单复数。句意：民营企业占当地企业的90%以上，有100多家公司在国内外上市。根据空前的数字100可知，空处填company的复数形式。故填companies。3(2021福州市第三次质检) People are bringing home all kinds of living creatures for companionship during an unprece

12、dented (空前的) time of social isolation (隔离), and theyre sharing (photo) or social media to provide a break from darker news.解析：photos考查名词单复数。photo为可数名词，前面没有冠词，故应用复数形式。4(2021青岛市高三统一质检) If you work in a highrise office building, take the stairs instead of an elevator. Take more (break) during the work

13、day and move around.解析：breaks考查名词单复数。前面定语为more，意为“更多的”，后接名词复数。重点二名词的格与名词作定语1名词所有格(1)概念：名词所有格用来表示名词之间的所有关系。(2)分类of所有格a waste of time s所有格the boys book双重所有格some friends of yours2.名词作定语名词作定语可以用来修饰另一个名词，表示材料、类别、用途等，作定语的名词有以下三种形式：(1)一般用单数形式。如a stone bridge (石桥)，a meeting room (会议室)，morning exercise (早操)，

14、London Airport (伦敦机场)，a story book (故事书)，a shoe shop (鞋店)；(2)man，woman要与所修饰的名词的数保持一致。如two women teachers (两位女教师)；(3)sports，sales，clothes，goods，arts，customs等一般用复数形式。如a sports meet (运动会)，a goods train (货运列车)，a customs officer (海关官员)，a sales manager (销售部经理)。题组微练单句语法填空1(2021福州质量检测)But with my (teammate)

15、 encouragement, I was able to communicate smoothly with them.解析：teammates考查名词所有格。分析句子结构可知此处作定语，修饰encouragement，意为“队友的鼓励”，表示人的名词变所有格时，在该名词后加s或，故填teammates。2(2021合肥第一次质量检测) My favourite sport was swimming, so I decided to go swimming in the sea one afternoon with my (friend), John and Li Lei.解析：friend

16、s考查名词单复数。根据该句中的“John and Li Lei”可知，作者和两个朋友一起去游泳了。friend为可数名词，故用复数形式。重点三数词1序数词一般由基数词加th构成(1)以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i，再加eth。如twentieth/fiftieth。(2)不规则的序数词有以下几个：first，second，third，fifth，eighth，ninth，twelfth。(3)序数词前通常要加定冠词the，但当序数词不表示顺序而表示 “再一”“又一”时，要用不定冠词。2年龄、年代的表达(1)表达“在某人几十多岁”用“in ones逢十的基数词的复数”。(2)表达“在

17、几十年代”用“in the逢十的基数词的复数”。3基数词(1)dozen，score，hundred，thousand，million等表确切数目时不能加s，其前可用数词或several，some修饰，此时其后通常不跟of(后有these，those或代词宾格时可跟of)。(2)表示“数以百万计”“数以千计”等笼统数目时，要加s，其前不能用数词，其后可跟of。(3)基数词可与名词等构成合成形容词，用连字符连接，作前置定语，其中的名词应使用单数形式，如fourhour journey。(4)分数表达法：分子应用基数词，分母应用序数词。分子大于1时，分母应用序数词的复数形式，如two sevent

18、hs七分之二。题组微练单句语法填空1(2021衡水中学高三七调考试) Whaling was a primary industry in Australia in the nineteenth and early (twenty) centuries but whaling in Australia was limited in 1987.解析：twentieth考查数词。句意：在19世纪和20世纪早期，捕鲸是澳大利亚的主要产业。表示“在世纪”时，通常用序数词，故填twentieth。2(2019全国卷)Then, when I was in the (five) grade, I wante

19、d to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much.解析：fifth考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需用序数词。故填fifth。3(2021河北邯郸市模拟)I remember clearly that when I was on my (eighteen) birthday, my father gave me a presenta picture book.解析：eighteenth考查数词。描述生日时，应该用序数词，意思为“第几个生日”。故填eighteenth。.单句语法填空1(20

20、21全国卷乙)It is different from traditional tourism because it. often provides money for conservation and benefits the (develop)of the local areas. 解析：development考查名词。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。2(2021新高考全国卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you ho

21、w tiny we (human) are.解析：humans考查名词单复数。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。3(2021洛阳市高三统考)On Tuesdays and Thursdays she helped out as a volunteer to give aid to people without (home)解析：homes考查名词单复数。分析句子可知，此处表示“没有住宅的人们”，home意为“住宅”时是可数名词，根据前面的people可知，这里指不止一个住宅，且home前面没有修饰词，所以应用其复数形式。4(2021河南濮阳市模拟)Though T

22、hunberg does not have a magical cure for climate change, she believes that climate change can be affected at a grassroots level by educating friends and electing (politician) that support the cause.解析：politicians考查名词单复数。结合上下文可知，此处意为“选举政治家”，故应用名词作elect的宾语，且该名词作为定语从句的先行词；再由定语从句的谓语动词support判断主语that指代复数

23、名词，应用politician的复数。故填politicians。5(2021厦门市第二次质检)Although the knowledge and education of TCM are declining, Chinese medicines are still around, and some remain the top few (choice) of people till today. 解析：choices考查名词单复数。句意：尽管人们对中医的了解和学习中医的人在减少，但中药仍在流行，直到今天，有些中药仍是人们的首选。few修饰可数名词的复数形式，choice的复数是choice

24、s。6(2021山西八校一联)Whats more，Id like to do some (housework) so that my parents can have a good rest.解析：housework考查名词。housework是不可数名词，没有复数形式。.语法填空The Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge，as the 1. (long) crosssea bridge in the world，is expected 2. (have) 5G service in the future，according to Fang Zheng，vice gene

25、ral manager of the WLAN office of ZTE Corp.，the bridges network 3. (operate)The 55km Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge，4. opened on Oct.23,2018，connects the mainland province of Guangdong with the countrys two special administrative regions，Hong Kong and Macao.“The Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge now has good

26、 coverage of 4G service，” said Fang.“Experts and workers have overcome the difficulties of a complex construction environment and the lack 5. an optical fiber (光纤) to provide tailored 4G solutions for the bridge and prepare for the future upgrading of 5G service.It can be seen as 6. unique applicati

27、on of wireless technology，highlighting the highquality products and 7. (advance) technology provided by Chinas communication section.”8 (actual)，the Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge is now ready for the access of Internet of Things，a major business to be achieved by 5G technology.Since the very beginning

28、，the technological base needed for 5G 9. (consider)in terms of network architecture，room for 5G station as well 10. the installment (安装) of fiber.【语篇解读】港珠澳大桥有望在未来开通5G网络服务。1解析：longest考查形容词的最高级。根据语境及空前的“the”可知，此处表示作为世界上最长的跨海大桥，故填形容词的最高级。2解析：to have考查非谓语动词。此处表示未来有望开通5G网络服务。此处be expected to do sth.意为“有望

29、”，为固定用法，所以此处用动词不定式。3解析：operator考查词性转换。此处表示大桥的网络操作员。故用operator。4解析：which考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词为The 55km Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge，且从句中缺少主语，所以用which。5解析：of考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处lack为名词，lack of sth.意为“缺乏某物”，为固定用法。6解析：a考查冠词。此处表示它可以被看作是无线技术的一种独特应用。application作“应用”讲时，可用作可数名词，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定

30、冠词a。7解析：advanced考查形容词。此处表示由中国通信部提供的先进技术。此处应用形容词修饰名词technology，故填advanced。8解析：Actually考查副词。句意：实际上，港珠澳大桥现已准备好接入物联网，物联网是5G技术将实现的一项重要业务。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处用副词作状语。9解析：has been considered考查时态与语态。根据句首的Since可知，主句应用现在完成时；主语the technological base与consider之间为被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。10解析：as考查固定搭配。分析句子结构可知，network architecture，room for 5G station以及the installment (安装) of fiber构成并列关系，故用as well as“也，还”，其为固定搭配。