2023届新教材新高考英语外研版一轮学案-语法专项突破专题一第二讲　非谓语动词.docx

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1、第二讲非谓语动词典例感悟答题微点1.(2021全国卷甲)It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.2(2021全国卷乙)Minimize the impact of (visit)the place. 3(2020浙江卷)Something significant is happening to the world populationit is aging. The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30today it is 41 and is expected (i

2、ncrease) to 42 by 2050.4(2020全国卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.5(2020北京卷)And third, tiger sharks have teeth perfectly (design) for cutting their food, so it is certain that the damage will be disastrous.语法填空解题“5要素”1非谓语动词与

3、逻辑主语之间表示主动、进行，要用现在分词形式(doing)。2非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间表被动、完成，要用过去分词形式(done)。3非谓语动词表将来的动作，作状语表示目的，在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等，要用不定式形式(to do)。4掌握非谓语动词的句型公式：(1)Its形容词(for/of sb.) to do sth.(2)Its no good/use/pleasure doing sth.(3)find/think/believe/consideritadj.to do sth.5牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词。1.解析：to walk考查动词不定式。此处为句型“it

4、beadj.to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。2解析：visiting考查动名词。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。3解析：to increase考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语is expected，且不是并列谓语，故此处考查的是非谓语动词。固定表达be expected to do sth.表示“被期望做某事”，不定式作补足语。4解析：decorated考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词make及see，故空处应为非谓语动词；又因decorate句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decor

5、ate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。5解析：designed考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，teeth 和design为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词designed。重点一非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语1非谓语动词作主语(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作，而不定式作主语则表示具体的、某一次的行为。As we all know, going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.众所周知，早起早睡是一个好习惯。To complete the program needs much effort.完成这项计划

6、需要很大的努力。(2)it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有：Its important for the figures to be updated regularly.定期更新数据是很重要的。2非谓语动词作表语(1)现在分词作表语意为“令人感到的”，而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到的”。The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.这则消息令人激动，我们激动了整整一晚上。(2)不定式、动名词都可以作表语，但动名词作表语多指抽象的、经常性的动作。What he did in the meeting wa

7、s chatting with Mary.他在会议上所做的事情就是与玛丽谈话。(3)不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。My job is to clean the house three times a week.我的工作是每个星期打扫房子三次。(4)get，become，look，seem，appear等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语，表示被动或主语的状态。This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldnt get discouraged right after failures.温斯顿丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们

8、，失败后我们绝不能气馁。3非谓语动词作宾语(1)只能用动名词作宾语的词有：suggest，risk，imagine，mind，admit，practice，allow，avoid，delay，include，deny，escape，advise，finish，miss，insist on，look forward to，feel like，get down to，object to，devote ones time to等。I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。(2)只能用不

9、定式作宾语的有：decide，refuse，promise，pretend，hesitate，manage，plan，fail，choose，would like等。She will attempt to beat the world record.她试图要打破世界纪录。(3)有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但表示的含义不同。meanforgetregrettrygo onremembercant helpI regret to tell you that I cant come.我很遗憾地告诉你我不能来了。I still remember being taken t

10、o the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里我所看到的一切。(4)动词作介词的宾语时，只能用动名词形式。The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by describing various sounds.作者主要是通过描绘各种声音开始叙述自己的森林之旅的。题组微练单句语法填空1(2021烟台市适应性练习) Adults can note that (make) personal sacrifices (牺牲)such as postpo

11、ning a vacation or staying home if were not feeling wellhelps to reduce the chance of carrying illness into our own communities.解析：making考查非谓语动词。空处在从句中作主语，应用动名词形式。动名词作主语多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。“作出牺牲”是一个抽象动作。故填making。2(2021银川市教学质检) When a game comes to an end, the winner is determined by (count)

12、 each players surrounded territories along with captured stones and komi (贴目)解析：counting考查非谓语动词。在介词by后，应用名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故本空应用动词的动名词形式counting。3(2021贵阳市适应性考试) He said he became crazy about calligraphy, so he decided (establish) a calligraphic museum in Moscow.解析：to establish考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth.为固定

13、用法，意为“决定做某事”，此处不定式作宾语，所以填to establish。4(2021江西赣州市适应性考试)Food delivery and takeaway services will stop (use) singleuse plastic straws and cutlery (餐具) nationwide.解析：using考查非谓语动词。句意：在全国范围内，食品外卖服务将停止使用一次性塑料吸管和餐具。表示“停止(正在做的)某事”应用stop doing sth.。重点二非谓语动词作定语定语形式功能现在分词一般式doing表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中现在分词一般式的被动结

14、构being done表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中过去分词done表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成动词不定式to do表示将要发生的动作动词不定式一般式的被动结构to be done表示将要被做的动作We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。Look over there theres a very long，winding path leading up to the house.往那看有一条很长很曲折的小路通向那所房子。Tsinghua Univer

15、sity, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。名师点津(1)准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系；(2)准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。 The problem discussed at the last meeting was of great importance.The matter being discussed now is of great importance.The pr

16、oblem to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importance.题组微练单句语法填空1(2021河北衡水中学三联) The Terracotta Army, (build) around 2,200 years ago, was intended to protect Emperor Qin Shi Huang in his afterlife.解析：built考查非谓语动词。句意：兵马俑建于大约 2200年前，为了在秦始皇死后能保护他。句子的谓语动词是was intended，建造和谓语之间没有连词，可以判断出要用非谓语形式，

17、过去分词表示被动。故填built。2(2021山东六地市部分学校联考) The giant panda, also (know) as panda bear or simply panda, is a bear native to south central China.解析：known 考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语是“is”，此处应用非谓语动词；因为“The giant panda”和know之间是被动关系，此处应用过去分词作定语修饰“The giant panda”。故填known。3(2020浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experien

18、ce of the power of technology (change) lives.解析：to change考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力量。此处用不定式作定语，修饰technology。故填to change。4(2020全国卷) They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.解析：coming考查非谓语动词。动词represent的含义是“代表、象征”，后面接动词ing形式作宾语，此处the earth与coming构成动名词的复合结构作动词

19、represent的宾语，故填coming。重点三非谓语动词作状语1不定式作状语(1)原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。Im very glad to be invited to attend the meeting.我很高兴被邀请参加这个会议。(2)目的状语可与so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首。To make it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.为了更容易与我们取得联系，你最好随身带着这张卡片。(3)结果状语常表示意想不到的结

20、果，常用only to do。He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。名师点津熟记固定结构：(1)only/just to .；too . to .；so/such as to .；. enough (for sb.) to .(2)beadj.to do sth.As far as Im concerned, the book is very hard to learn.就我个人而言，这本书很难理解。2分词作状语(1)v.ing形式：现在分词作状语，用来表时间、条件、

21、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，且含有进行之意。Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.已经忙活了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。(2)v.ed形式：过去分词作状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且含有完成之意。Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous

22、.由于在这部新电影中担任重要角色，安迪有了出名的机会。(3)源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系，其前不用being，常见的有：seated (坐着的)；hidden (躲着)；devoted (专注的)；lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)；born in (出身于)；dressed in (穿着)；tired of (厌烦了)等。Absorbed in his book, he didnt notice me enter the room.他专注于读书，没注意到我进入房间。名师点津(1)把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系；区别现在分词与过去分词

23、：现在分词表示主动或正在进行，过去分词表示被动或完成。 (2)现在分词的完成时having done表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系，同时分词动作先于句子谓语动词发生。Having driven all day, we were rather tired.开了一天的车，我们相当累。(3)不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果，现在分词作结果状语为客观上顺其自然而产生的结果。More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.

24、中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。3有些分词或不定式短语作状语，构成独立结构，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有：generally speaking(一般来说)；frankly speaking(坦白地说)；judging from/by .(根据来判断)；considering ./taking . into consideration(考虑到)；to tell the truth(说实话)；compared to/with(与相比较)；to begin with(首先)；seeing .(鉴于/由于)；supposing(假设，如果)；assuming(假使)；gi

25、ven(考虑到，鉴于)；provided (that .)(如果)；concerning(关于)Judging from what he said just now, he must be very satisfied with your performance.根据他刚才说的判断，他一定对你的演出很满意。题组微练单句语法填空1(2020全国卷) Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change4 (find) and study areas of the South PoleAitken basin.解析：to fi

26、nd考查非谓语动词。该句主句为Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change4； (find) and study areas of the South PoleAitken basin为不定式在句中作目的状语。2(2020新高考全国卷) (follow) by a wedding photographer, the couple made a surprise visit to the hospital before heading to the reception.解析：Followed考查非谓语动词。分析句子结

27、构可知，句中已经有谓语动词made，the couple与follow之间是被动关系，故用过去分词followed作状语。3(2021河南高三质检)“The ban will stop billions of pieces of plastic entering our ecosystem, thus (help) to conserve our precious seas and oceans，” Former Prime Minister Theresa May ever wrote on Twitter. 解析：helping考查非谓语动词。句意：这项禁令将阻止数十亿的塑料进入我们的生态

28、系统，因此帮助保护我们珍贵的海洋。help与前面整个句子存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故用所给词的现在分词helping作结果状语。4(2021湖北八校二联) Every year more than a billion animals are killed (make) leather products from their skins.解析：to make考查非谓语动词。句意：每年有超过10亿只动物被杀，用它们的皮做皮革制品。分析句子可知，空处在句中作目的状语，英语中一般用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。重点四掌握非谓语动词的几种句型公式1不定式作宾语补足语tell/order/pers

29、uade/force/warn/encourage/ask/invitesb. to do sth.Id like to invite you to take part in the activity.我想邀请你参加这项活动。2后面省略“to”的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：“五看；三使；二听；一感觉”。五看：look at/watch/notice/see/observe sb. do sth.三使：make/have/let sb. do sth.二听：listen to/hear sb. do sth.一感觉：feel sb. do sth.I like the film because i

30、t can make me laugh.我喜欢这部电影，因为它能让我笑。3用于it形式主语结构中Itbe名词或形容词(no good，no use，a pleasure，worthwhile，useless)动词ing；Itbe形容词(difficult/kind/clever等)for/of sb. to do sth.；Ittakessb.some timeto do sth.As is known to us，its no use complaining without taking action.众所周知，只抱怨不采取行动没用。4with复合结构中补足语的比较with With so

31、many people looking at him, he felt very nervous.那么多人看着他，他感到很紧张。With the problem solved, the quality has been improved.问题解决了，质量也提高了。5一些非谓语动词形式的固定结构considering that鉴于，考虑到judging by/from 从来看supposing/providing/provided/assuming that . 假定，假设compared with/to 与相比Michaels new house is like a huge palace,

32、compared with his old one.与迈克的旧房子比起来，他的新房子像个大宫殿。题组微练单句语法填空1(2020北京卷) The problem of phone addiction (成瘾) has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists (try) to increase awareness about this problem.解析：trying考查非谓语动词。此处是with 复合结构作状语，experts and psychologists和try为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在

33、分词形式trying。2(2020全国卷) And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.解析：surrounding考查非谓语动词。在“see 宾语宾补”结构中，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系，用现在分词表示动作正在进行。the soft clouds与surround之间是主动关系，且表示正在发生的事情。故填surrounding。3(2020全国卷)I tell my mom that if wer

34、e forced (eat) things, we may become ill.解析：to eat考查非谓语动词。根据force的用法可知，其后应跟不定式作补语。be forced to do sth.意为“被迫去做某事”，为固定搭配，因此应用所给词的不定式形式。故填to eat。4(2020全国卷)My mom told me how (prepare) it.解析：to prepare考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，howto do是“疑问词不定式”结构，作told的宾语。.单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)I quickly lower myself, d

35、ucking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel (challenge)解析：challenged考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，此处作系动词feel的表语，主语为he，故要用 challenged，表示“受到挑战的”。2(2021河北衡水中学二联)Then, we picked pears, had a picnic and shared photos (take) around the orchards (果园)解析：taken考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处所在短语作后置定语，修饰空

36、前的名词photos，照片是被照的，应用过去分词形式。故填taken。3(2021江西五校一联) (locate) in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, the house is big enough to enable you to have a room of your own.解析：Located考查非谓语动词。句子的主语the house与locate之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词短语作状语。4(2021河南濮阳市模拟)The teens act soon spread quickly, (inspire) kids and adults

37、worldwide to take action.解析：inspiring考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the teens act和inspire之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填inspiring。5(2021青岛市高三统一质检)In richer countries, people are more likely to spend time (sit) in offices.解析：sitting考查非谓语动词。固定短语spend time doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。6(2021湖南衡阳市高三联考)It is obvious that (g

38、row) much full sun coffee affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology.解析：growing考查非谓语动词。“种植许多全日照咖啡”作主语，所以将grow变为动名词growing作主语。7(2021山东广饶一中月考)Green tea is a type of tea which is made from the (process)leaves of tea trees.解析：processed考查非谓语动词。句意：绿茶是一种由茶树的叶子加工而成的茶。空处需要

39、定语修饰名词leaves。表示被加工的茶叶，过去分词表被动，相当于形容词用，故填processed。8The suspect was brought in，with his hands (tie) behind his back.解析：tied考查with复合结构。tie与hands为动宾关系，用过去分词表示“手绑住”的状态。9The man went to bed (drink)，and when he woke up，he found his shoes still on.解析：drunk考查分词作状语。drunk意为“醉酒的”，在这里补充说明主语的状态。10It is necessary

40、 to keep the parents (inform) of their childrens performance at school.解析：informed考查分词作宾补。动词inform与其逻辑主语为动宾关系，即“inform the parents of their childrens performance at school”，故使用过去分词。.语法填空(2021湖南名校联盟高三联考) Chinese people are proud of their food. However, when foreigners talk about Chinese food, they ex

41、press opinions 1. your expectations.As I grew up in the UK, the Chinese food I was used to eating was 2. I now recognize as Guangdong food because most Chinese immigrants to the UK came from Guangdong. The typical dish 3. (order) there would be pork in sweet and sour sauce. When most British people

42、attempted 4. (pronounce) words in Chinese, they actually made the sound of Cantonese. So hearing Mandarin (普通话) is kind of 5. huge shock to some British people, who think it sounds completely different from the words they have heard!British peoples 6. (think) on Chinese food is probably changing, th

43、ough. ChineseAmerican chef, Ken Hom, who 7. (work) on British TV for over 30 years, says: “Chinese food in the 1980s in the UK was mainly sweet. Now more regional (地方的) Chinese food from Sichuan, Hunan and other areas of China 8. (see). These various cuisines become successful here and 9. (taste) Ch

44、inese dishes also broaden their appeal to the British.”But what do foreigners think when they come to China and eat real Chinese food? In my experience, the impression usually is 10. (amazing) good.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者从自己的经历出发，讲述了中国菜系在英国的发展状况，从最初英国人认识的粤菜到如今的川菜、湘菜等，地方菜系已经被英国人认可。1解析：beyond考查介词。根据下文的内容可知，

45、外国人对中国菜的看法会出乎你的预料。beyond (sb.s) expectations意为“超出(某人的)预期”。2解析：what考查连词。表语从句中的谓语recognize是及物动词，其后缺少宾语，因此用what引导。recognize sth. as .意为“认为某物是”。3解析：ordered考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语修饰dish，且dish与动词order之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词ordered。4解析：to pronounce考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作宾语。attempt to do sth.意为“努力/尝试/试图做某事”。5解析：a考查冠

46、词。shock在此处意为“令人震惊的事”，为可数名词，且表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。6解析：thought/thinking考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作主语，因此用名词thought/thinking表示“看法，想法”，再依据空后的is可知用单数形式。7解析：has been working/has worked考查时态。根据句中的“for over 30 years”可知，这位美籍华人已经在英国电视台工作了30多年，因此用现在完成进行时或现在完成时。8解析：is seen考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作谓语，根据时间状语Now和语境可知用一般现在时，主语是表示单数概念的more regional (地方的) Chinese food，与动词see是被动关系。故填is seen。9解析：tasty考查形容词。空处作定