高考英语-阅读理解说明类(新高考).docx

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1、阅读理解说明类I、2021年高考真题（2021新高考I卷C篇）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans have taken care of these precious natural resourses wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the sett

2、lers who followed only a few decades todecimatea large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl（水禽）were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducin

3、g waterfowl habitat（栖息地）.In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory（迁徙的）waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age an

4、d over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. Ding Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters will

5、ingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge Systema fact that ensures this land wi

6、ll be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initi

7、ated.1.What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?A.Loss of wetlands. B.Popularity of water sports.C.Pollution of rivers. D.Arrival of other wild animals.2.What does the underlined word decimate mean in the first paragraph?A.Acquire. B.Export. C.Destroy. D.Distribute.3.Wha

8、t is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?A.The stamp price has gone down.B.The migratory birds have flown away.C.The hunters have stopped hunting.D.The government has collected money.4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A.The Federal Duck Stamp StoryB.The National Wildlife

9、 Refuge SystemC.The Benefits of Saving WaterfowlD.The History of Migratory Bird Hunting【答案】ACDA【解析】本文为说明文，讲述了美国为了保护“水禽”颁布了一项政策，狩猎者需要购买相关水禽类邮票，然后政府把售卖所得款拨给候鸟保护基金组织。1.细节理解题。根据题干信息North America以及decline定位到第一段：Millions of waterfowl were killed atMillions of acres of wetlands were driedgreatly reducing w

10、aterfowl habitat. 分析可知，数百万的水禽被猎人和野心过大的运动员给杀害了。而数百万英亩的湿地被开垦以喂养和容纳日益增长的人口，而这大大减少了水禽的栖息地。可知，湿地流失是导致水禽数量减少的原因。 故选A。2.词义猜测题。根据题干信息first paragraph定位到第一段：Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. 根据Unfortunately（不幸地是）可

11、知，此处与前文taken care of形成对比，故此处应表示损害、毁坏。原文译为：不幸地是，这些探险者和定居者只花了几十年的时间就毁掉了这些资源的很大一部分。故选C。3.推理判断题。根据题干信息in 1934定位到第二、三段。分析可知，第二段是在说明在颁布了这个法令之后，16岁或者超过16岁以上的水禽捕猎者必须每年购买并携带联邦鸭票，而第三段则提及了大约98%的鸭子邮票的钱都是直接被用于购买保护湿地。 因此D选项, 政府可以筹集钱，符合题意。故选D。4.主旨大意题。根据原文分析可知，首先作者先提出了湿地的破坏导致了水禽数量的下降，而后政府则通过发行联邦鸭票筹集资金，用于保护湿地，是史上最成功

12、的保护项目之一。因此A选项，联邦鸭票的故事符合题意。故选A。（2021全国甲卷B篇）Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding（繁育） programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf （犀牛幼崽）. When the tiny creature arrived on January 31. she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were d

13、elighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity（圈养）.Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: Obviously were all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. Shes healthy, strong and already eager t

14、o play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. Its still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.The adorable femal

15、e calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mo

16、ther, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a critically endangered status.1.Which of the following best describes the breeding programm

17、e?A.Costly. B.Controversial. C.Ambitious. D.Successful.2.What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?A.She loves staying with her mother.B.She dislikes outdoor activities.C.She is in good condition.D.She is sensitive to heat.3.What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?A.They had their fi

18、rst born in January.B.They enjoyed exploring new places.C.They lived with their grandmothers.D.They were brought to the reserve young.4.What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve?A.The rhino section will be open to the public.B.It aims to control the number of the animals.C.It will continue to w

19、ork with the World Wildlife Fund.D.Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.【答案】DCAD【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述肯特野生动物园庆祝一只可爱的稀有动物黑犀牛幼崽的到来。1.细节理解题。根据题干关键词 the breeding programme 定位在原文第一段第一句话Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding （繁育） programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhi

20、no calf （犀牛幼崽） . 林普恩港保护区(Port Lympne Reserve)开展了一项繁殖计划，它迎来了一头稀有的黑犀牛犊牛的到来。所以，应该是成功的。故选D项。2.细节理解题。根据题干关键词 Paul Beer say 定位在第二段他说的话，其中根据 Obviously were all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. Shes healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. 显然，我们都非常高兴地欢迎另一

21、头小牛来到我们的黑犀牛家庭。她健康，强壮，并且已经渴望玩耍和探索。可知在这个新生的小犀牛状况很好。故选C项。3.推理判断题。根据题干关键词 similar experience ，Solio and Kisima 定位在原文第二段 Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. 她的母亲，索里奥，是第一次当妈妈，她做得很好。 和第三段 The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mothe

22、r Kisima and weighed about 32kg. 1月5日，在林普恩港出生的第一头犀牛来到了它的第一位母亲基西马身边，体重约32公斤。 可知Solio 和Kisima相似点都是第一次当妈妈。故选A项。4.推理判断题。根据题干关键词 PortLympne Reserve 定位在原文第一段 Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding （繁育） programme 和第三段 His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still

23、live there. 他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里。 可知林普恩港保护区是负责一项繁殖计划的项目，它的一些犀牛一直住在保护区，所以一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。（2021全国甲卷D篇）Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Lets state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want

24、to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. I

25、ts said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the clubwomen, or people of a different color or beliefthey were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by

26、Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender（性别）are really, really smart. Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are really, really smart. Can

27、our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesnt take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Heres the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, were all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, t

28、he more we will see that social factors（因素） like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance（毅力）, and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.1.What does the author thi

29、nk of victors standards for joining the genius club?A.Theyre unfair. B.Theyre conservative.C.Theyre objective. D.Theyre strict.2.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A.They think themselves smart.B.They look up to great thinkers.C.They see gender differences earlier than boys.D.Th

30、ey are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.3.Why are more geniuses known to the public?A.Improved global communication.B.Less discrimination against women.C.Acceptance of victors concepts.D.Changes in peoples social positions.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Geniuses Think AlikeB.Genius

31、 Takes Many FormsC.Genius and IntelligenceD.Genius and Luck【答案】ADAB【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了天才的实质，批评了天才种族轮和性别轮，并指出其危害。1.推理判断题。根据题干 victors standards for joining the genius club 定位到第二段Its said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When

32、contributions were made by geniuses outside the clubwomen, or people of a different color or beliefthey were unacknowledged and rejected by others. 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而这些胜利者为天才俱乐部设定了准入标准。当俱乐部外的天才女性、不同肤色或信仰的人做出贡献时，他们得不到认可，也会被其他人拒绝），据此可以推断出作者认为胜利者的标准是不公平的，所以选A项。2.推理判断题。根据题干girls from the study in Science定位到

33、第三段A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender（性别）are really, really smart. Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children w

34、ho are really, really smart. 科学杂志最近发表的一项研究发现，在6岁时，女孩比男孩更不可能说出自己性别的成员，更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们的行为都是基于这样的信念：在六岁左右，她们开始避免从事那些所谓 非常聪明 的孩子们的活动）。据此可推知女孩有可能被社会错误信念所影响，故选D项。3.细节理解题。根据题干 more geniuses known to the public 定位最后一段In a wired world with constant global communication, were all positioned to see flashes of ge

35、nius wherever they appear 在一个全球互联世界里，我们都能看到天才的出现，无论它们出现在哪里，可知更多的天才被公众所知道的原因在于改善的全球通信，故选A项。4.主旨大意题。A项（天才的想法相同）文章没有涉及；C项（天才和智力）只是文章的一个细节不能作为文章的主旨； D项（天才和运气）也只是在文章的最后稍微提起，也只是文章的一个小细节。根据文章的最后一句As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with intelligence, creativity, perseverance（毅力）, and simple g

36、ood fortune, who are able to change the world.”正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有 智慧、创造力和毅力 的人和简单的好运，那些能改变世界的人。纵观全文可知，天成具有多样性，故选B项。（2021全国乙卷B篇）When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）?These days youd be hard pressed to find anyone in Austr

37、alia over the age of 15 who doesnt own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smart

38、phones, according to a survey（调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a thirdconcedethat its not really necessary and theyre keeping it as a security blanket19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that catego

39、ry.More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素）only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers whove perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isnt the only facto

40、r;Id say its also to do with the makeup of your household.Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are

41、our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?1.What does paragraph

42、2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?A.Their target users.B.Their wide popularity.C.Their major functions.D.Their complex design.2.What does the underlined wordconcedein paragraph 3 mean?A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.3.What can we say about Baby Boomers?A.They like smartphone games.B.They e

43、njoy guessing callers identity.C.They keep using landline phones.D.They are attached to their family.4.What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?A.It remains a family necessity.B.It will fall out of use some day.C.It may increase daily expenses.D.It is as important as the gas l

44、ight.【答案】BACB【解析】本文是一篇说明文。当今世界上几乎所有人都有手机，但一半以上澳大利亚家庭仍然拥有座机，本文说明了出现这一现象的原因。1.主旨大意题。根据题干信息paragraph 2，定位到文章第二段。分析可知，该段主要说明手机在澳大利亚的使用率非常高，手机使用十分普及。故选B。2.词义猜测题。根据题干信息concede，定位到第三段Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third conce

45、de that its not really necessary。分析可知，虽然55%的人的家中都还有座机，但他们中的三分之一的人认为座机其实并不十分必要。由此我们可以推测，这些人在说its not necessary的时候是在承认这件事。故选A。3.细节理解题。根据题干信息Baby Boomers，定位到第四段Age is naturally a factor （因素）only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers whove p

46、erhaps had the same home number for 50 years.分析可知，84%的Baby Boomers仍用座机，而且他们可能已经用同一个座机号码50年了。由此可知，Baby Boomers仍在用座机。故选C。4.推理判断题。根据题干信息last paragraph，定位到原文最后一段How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? 。分析可知，煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶服务都离我们现在的生活比较久远，它们基本已经消失了。作者发出疑问：多久以后座机会走上煤气路灯、

47、早晨送牛奶服务的老路呢？因此可以推测，座机有一天也会消失。选项B中的fall out of use意为开始不用、渐渐废弃，符合文意。故选B。（2021全国乙卷C篇）Youve heard that plastic is polluting the oceanbetween 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to kn

48、ow that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called Strawpocalypse, a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168, 000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh Cit