2022年高考英语人教版第二轮复习知识点精讲09名词性从句(三).docx

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1、宾语从句【难点梳理】引导宾语从句的连接词主要有：连接词：that，whether，if等连接代词：what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等连接副词：when，where，why，how等1. 连接词that，whether，if引导I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help. 我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。注意：whether

2、/if都意为是否。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。（1）与or not紧接连用时。 Let me know whether or not you can come. 请让我知道你是否能来。（2）作介词的宾语从句时。 We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting. 我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。2. 连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等引导She asked me whose handwriting was the best in

3、 the class. 她问我班上谁的书法最好。Ill just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。3. 连接副词when，where，why，how等引导Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?Ive been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。4. 宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。He asked me w

4、hen we could set out the next day. 他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?5. 宾语从句的时态（1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)she says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)

5、She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)（2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)He said that he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)He said that they were having a meeting at

6、that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)（3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快。注意：学习宾语从句应该注意以下几点。 (1)引导宾语从句的连词that一般可以省略，但是在及物动词之后跟有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有 第一个that

7、可以省略。Glancing at her scornfully，he told her(that) the dress was sold 他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她说那件衣服卖了。The teacher said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart 老师说课文非常重要，我们应该背下来。(2)表示心理活动的形容词：afraid，anxious，aware，ashamed，annoyed，certain，confident，content， convinced，determined，disa

8、ppointed，glad，happy，proud，pleased，sure，surprised，satisfied，thankful， worried等可以后接宾语从句。He was afraid that he would lose他担心会输。I am sure that I put the money in the box我肯定把钱放在盒子里了。(3)若主句谓语动词为think，consider，suppose，believe，expect，fancy，guess，imagine等，其后的宾语从 句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式，这种现象称为否定转移 现

9、象(此时主语往往为第一人称，偶尔为第三人称；否定词never，seldom，hardly，little无此用法)。I dont think his decision is wise in reality实际上，我觉得他的决定并不明智。I dont believe that he is a dishonest man我认为他是个诚实的人。(4)在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及Im afraid之后，可以采用so代替一个肯 定的宾语从句，也可以采用not代替否定的宾语从句。Do you believe the news stories？你

10、相信这个新闻故事吗？ I believe so我相信。Has Anne got into university？安妮上大学了吗？ I am afraid not恐怕是没有。【巧学妙记】宾语从句的用法速记口诀宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否（if，whether）替；特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。 三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。经典解析1.（2020.天津卷二.单项填空） My grandmother helped me believ

11、e that I could accomplish _ I put my mind to.A. wheneverB. whateverC. whereverD. whichever【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我的祖母让我相信，我可以完成任何我专心去做的事情。A. whenever无论何时；B. whatever 无论什么，任何；C. wherever无论何地；D. whichever无论哪一个。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句连接词，从句缺少宾语，应用连接代词，再结合句意，此处用“任何”符合语境，故选B项。2.（2018全国新课标卷II短文改错）The games my parents

12、taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.【参考答案】where改为when【答案解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把where改为when。3.（2018全国新课标卷III语法填空）Im not sure _61_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out o

13、f nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.【参考答案】which/who【答案解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which或者who”4. She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.A. when B. where C. whether D. what【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查宾语从句。根据“I admitted that I hadnt.”可知书还没还给图书馆，因此此处问的是是否(whether)已经还了。故选C项。句意：她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认没还。5.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.【参考答案】that where 【答案解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。介词后面的宾语从句缺少状语，根据句意判断此处表示地点。故把that改为where。