2022届高考英语一轮复习英语定语从句的翻译讲义.docx

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1、英语定语从句的翻译英语定语从句翻译一一主二仆式定语从句是指一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况。该结构中的定语从句比较规范，均修饰一个先行词，在翻译时，虽然也遵循一般定语从句的翻译技巧和方法，但还有其独特的地方。归纳起来，有如下几种情况：1）译成定语 可以把两个定语从句译成并列的定语，也可译成分开的定语修饰先行词，或分别修饰重复的先行词。and the old ways of earning a living rivaled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the glo

2、be, and by new crafts with strange machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power古老的谋生之道正受到新的农业技术、新的贸易、新的行业的挑战；这种新贸易是与世界上一向无人知晓的地区进行的贸易，而种种新行业则是使用一些无需传统的人力畜力驱动、可节省劳动力的奇特机遇。（并列的定语）Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commenc

3、ement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.近代史开始时，世界拥有的每一项重大成就，已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。（分开的定语）And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited only by the Western Europeans.英语定

4、语从句翻译二定语从句是由一些关系代词或者关系副词引导的从句组成，用来修饰名词中心词。person has pieced together the worker of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest date when we can expect hundreds of key breakthrough and discoveries to take place.皮而森 汇集了.生产出独特的千年历，这种

5、千年历（它）能够.定语的翻译要特别注意位子上的变化，即：如果是单词修饰名词就放在中心词的前面，这和汉语的词序是一样的；如果定语太长，定语就要放在中心词的后面，这时就要注意断句，重复先行词，例如：1、i have the same problem as you concerning the learning of English在学英语的问题上，我和你有同样的问题。2、she has a perfect figure.她身材不错。3、this is indeed a most pressing problem.这的确是一个非常棘手的问题。4、the only other people who k

6、new the secret were his father and mother.别的知道这个秘密的人就是他的父母。5、the effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities有效的维持纪律通常是由一些学生来做的，而这些学生则负责给学校的领导提建议。6、the nomads who made these markings lived by hunting a d fishing during the last ice age

7、 which began about 35,00 BC and ended about 10,000 BC做出这些刻记的游牧人，依靠狩猎和捕鱼生活在冰河时代的晚期。这段时期大约始于公元前35，000年而结束于公元前10，000年。7、 for several hundred years, cases have been reported of children who have been reared in the wild by animals kept isolated from all social contact.在过去的几百年中，已经有记载说，确实有被动物养大的与世隔绝的狼孩的存在。

8、另外，翻译成汉语时还要注意未省略关系代词和关系副词的定语从句, 翻译时所遵守的原则和上述的一样：关系代词引导的定语从句：8、he is the very person (whom) Im looking for.他正是我要找的人。9、this is the flexible policy that our government has pursued consistently.这就是我们政府一直追求的灵活政策。10、those whose families cannot afford board and expenses can be allowed to receive scholarshi

9、p.那些家里提供不起食宿的学生可以得到奖学金。11、there are forms that occasionally occur which should not be taught to students.有些形式是不能告诉给学生的。关系副词引导的定语从句：12、I took Mr. john to the village, where I had spent my carefree childhood.我把约翰先生带到我度过无忧无虑童年的乡村。13、still remember the time when we studied in the same university.我还记得我们一

10、起上大学的日子。定语从句的翻译可分为限制性和非限制性定语从句两种，翻译成汉语时不论是在语序方面还是重复先行词方面都有一定的讲究：限制性定语从句的翻译可分为以下几方面：1、前置：这种定语从句一般比较短，翻译起来比较方便，和汉语的词序完全一样，例如：a、this is the finest weather that I have ever seen this month.这是这个月我所看到的最好的天气。b、our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing.我们两国是友谊长存的友好邻邦。c、teachers ge

11、nerally like the students who achieve high scores in tests.老师通常喜欢考试中成绩好的学生。d、他不是一个轻易服输的人he is not the one who will give up easily.以上的这些例子告诉我们，如果定语很短的话，我们可以把他像汉语一样放在中心词的前面。但是，有的时候，如果定语太长，读起来就不符和汉语的习惯，因此，往往要后置，重复先行词,这就是下面要提到的定语从句的 “后置” 问题，例如：2、后置：a、 misers are often lonely and obscure men whose wealth

12、 is revealed only after their death.吝啬鬼经常是看起来年很孤单、不为人所主意，可他们的财富只有等到他们死了以后才 暴露出来。3、“综合性”的翻译法。“综合性”的翻译就是，翻译时不需要关系词，其中的关系完全靠上下文的意思来表现出来，例如：a、this is the place where the accident occurred.这就是发生交通事故的地方。b、the person who delivered the letter to him is his neighbor.他的邻居把信交给了他。c、 there is a big oak tree that

13、 stands just in front of the village.村子前面有棵大象树d、most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble.大多数病人想找人坦率、诚实地倾诉他们的苦衷。非限制性定语从句：1、前置：a、 we need a chairman, in whom everyone has confidence我们需要一个人人都信赖的主席。b、the worldly well-kn

14、own actor , who had been ill for two years, meet thunderstorm applause when reappeared on the stage.那个病了很多年的著名演员，一上台观众就报以雷鸣般的掌声。c、 Picasso, whose works inspired many artists, lived until he was a ripe old age.毕加索的作品曾鼓励了很多人，后来年纪很大时，作品也日趋成熟。2、后置:a、he deposits a little sum of money in the bank, by whic

15、h means he hopes to deal with any potential emergency easily.我们每个月都在银行里存一些钱，这样，碰到有任何危机时，我们就可以应付了。b、 a table has four legs, one of which is broken.桌子有四条腿，其中的一条腿是坏的。c、 living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of which obtaining water is not the least.生活在澳大利亚中部有很多问题，其中取水还不算最艰苦的。d、he de

16、cided to resign, which is the best thing he could do under the circumstances.他决定辞职，而这是他目前所能做的最好的事。e、he is late for class today, as is often the case.他今天迟到了，而这是经常的事。3、省略先行词这种句子就像前面讲的“综和性”翻译一样，直接把整个句子的意思讲出来，例如：a、the two universities signed an agreement, under which they would exchange students and sch

17、olars.这两个大学，签订了协议，决定交换学生和学者。b、he caught a young soldier coming to the farmhouse , whose face turned pale for too much loss of blood.他看见一个士兵走进农舍，脸色因失血过多而苍白。c、he passed the exam, which can be read from his the light on his face.我从他脸上就可以看出他已通过了考试。d、 he arrived at the railway station in time , which is

18、expected .他果然准时到了火车站。4、译成状语从句有些作定语的句子听起来却有点像状语从句，因此翻译时可以将其译成状语似的从句：a、you should take advantage of the opportunity to learn English well, which is very valuable.(原因)你应该利用这个机会好好学习英语，这太重要了。b、we examine the quality of our products, which is why they are so reliable.(原因)我们检验产品很仔细，因此产品都很可靠。c、i never belie

19、ve the stories, which is appealing.(让步)我从不相信他所说的故事，即使它很动听。5、“as”引导的句子：除了以上这些例子以外，还有一些特殊的由 “as”引导的句子, 翻译时可参考“as”的比较结构从句：a、he is not such as fool as he looks他并不像看上去的那么傻。b、they were not such questions as could easily be disposed of.这些问题可不是那么容易就能处理好的。c、 it wasnt such a good dinner as she had promised us

20、.这顿饭可没有她向我们说的那么好。英语定语从句翻译三从定语从句的性质和功能分析，翻译方法：A、表原因The manager was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from.经理只宴请了几个人，因为他特别想和这些人谈谈，听听他们的意见。 No one in the company likes their boss, who is stingy and bad-tempered. 公司里没人喜欢他们的老板，因为他脾气暴躁、人又小气。B、 表结果The two coun

21、tries established formal diplomatic relation, which paved the way for the further communication.两国正式建立了外交关系，从而为双方进一步的交流铺平了道路。 They quarreled with each other every day, which led to their divorce. 他们夫妻二人天天吵架，最终导致离婚。C、 表让步He insisted on buying another car, which he actually didnt need. 他坚持要再买一辆车，尽管他并不

22、需要。My father, who thought it might not work, supported me.尽管父亲认为这个办法可能不会起作用，但还是支持我。D、 表目的This company, which wants to get their new product sold well in the market, is trying hard to perfect its packing and workmanship.为了使新产品在市场热销，这个公司正在全力改进工艺和外包装。E、 表转折She is quite considerate and kind, which her y

23、ounger sister never is.她非常善良，体贴，而她妹妹却从不这样。To succeed in this area, one needs profound knowledge and experience, which few has.要想在这一领域取得成功，需要渊博的知识及丰富的经验，而很少有人能具备这两点。F、 表条件或假设A new product which has beautiful packing, good quality and advertising may very likely be a hit in market一种新产品，只要包装精美，质量过硬，宣传得

24、力，就能在市场中热销。 Anyone who works hard and never gives up will succeed. 任何人，只要努力工作永不放弃，就能够成功。英语定语从句翻译四1、前置法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet。没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore。太空和海洋是科学家们努力探

25、索的新领域。His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence。他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。2、 后置法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。(1)重复先行词。I told the story to John, who told it to his brother。他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encour

26、aged。在我们对特别委员会表示满意，特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励。You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect。你们的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功，而你们现在则在这一方面获得了更大的成就。Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving

27、success in the area。他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。(2)省略先行词。He received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased。他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。3、 融合法：把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译。There is a man downsta

28、irs who wants to see you。楼下有人要见你。In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention。在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity。我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志She had a balance at her bankers which would have mad

29、e her beloved anywhere。她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎4、状译法(1)译成表示“时间”的分句A driver who is driving the bus mustnt talk with others or be absent-minded。司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。(2)译成表示“原因”的分句He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable。他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话

30、，因为她现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。(3)译成表示“条件”的分句Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families。人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。(4)译成表示“让步”的分句He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子，。(5)译成表示“目的”的分句He wishes to write an article tha

31、t will attract the public attention to the matter。为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument。为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料以。(6)译成表示“结果”的分句They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country。他们企图镇压反抗，结果反抗愈来愈烈，遍及全国。(7)译成表示“转折”的分句She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was。她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。