2022高考英语一轮复习主题训练二十五人类生存社会发展与环境的关系含解析.docx

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1、主题训练(二十五)人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系大阅读提升阅读速度内化读文规律(满分70分，限时55分钟).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)A9/11 Memorial and Ground Zero Walking TourIn remembrance of the events that took place on September 11, 2001, take this 2.5hour walking tour. Walk through the space of the former World Trade Center in New York City (NYC).

2、A guide with a personal connection to the events of that day shares stories of tragedy and heroism. Please wear comfortable shoes.Lower East Side Food and Culture TourTake a deep dive into the food culture of Manhattans Lower East Side during this 3hour guided smallgroup tour. Follow your guide to h

3、idden treasures for tastes of everything from pancakes to Chinese dumplings. Along the way, your guide will cast light on the neighborhoods rich, varied food culture, which helps you understand NYC as a whole. Children aged 5 years or younger are welcome at no charge. The tour runs rain or shine.Sta

4、tue of Liberty and Ellis Island TourGet up close and personal with Ellis Island and the Statue of Liberty on this 4.5hour tour. Listen to the live narration from your guide and learn about the history of both spots. Jump the queue and enjoy access to the reservation service boarding the ferry. Then

5、take in the amazing views of southern Manhattan as you cross New York Harbor. Foods or drinks of any kind are not permitted.Big Apple Helicopter TourIt might seem impossible to see the highlights of NYC in just 15 minutes. But this helicopter tour makes it a reality. Listen to commentary from your p

6、ilot as you fly by the Statue of Liberty, Central Park and other landmarks. Youll see more of the city on this tour than an entire day of exploring on foot. Reservations are required.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了美国纽约的四个值得一游的著名景点，包括“911”纪念碑和归零地之旅、下东区美食文化之旅、自由女神像和埃里斯岛之旅以及纽约直升机之旅，并详细介绍了每个旅游项目的特色。1Which tour is p

7、erfect for those expecting a quick look of NYC?ABig Apple Helicopter Tour.BStatue of Liberty and Ellis Island Tour.CLower East Side Food and Culture Tour.D9/11 Memorial and Ground Zero Walking Tour.解析：选A细节理解题。根据尾段的内容，尤其是前两句“It might seem impossible to see the highlights of NYC in just 15 minutes. Bu

8、t this helicopter tour makes it a reality”可知，纽约直升机之旅会让你在十五分钟内浏览到纽约最精彩的地方，故A项正确。2What do we know about Lower East Side Food and Culture Tour?AIt is a night tour.BIt involves treasure hunting.CIt is childfriendly.DIt will be canceled if it rains.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Children aged 5 years or younger a

9、re welcome at no charge”可知，下东区美食文化之旅中，五岁及以下的儿童免费，故C项正确。3What can tourists do on Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Tour?AShare their firsthand stories.BTake some water with them.CHave a birdseye view of southern Manhattan.DEnjoy special right to board the ferry.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Jump the queue and

10、 enjoy access to the reservation service boarding the ferry”可知，在自由女神像和埃里斯岛之旅中，乘客可以不用排队并享用预约服务登上渡轮，故D项正确。BWhat Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isnt a prerequisite_for a modern growyourown lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can (装罐) and preserve

11、 much of the food they consume.Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control whats on their plate.Loe initially went to school to become an engin

12、eer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. “ got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草) and foods for that fresh flavor，” she said. Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately purchased a smal

13、l piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.“I teach people how to live farmfresh without a farm，” Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony (阳台)? Plant some herbs. A window? Perfect spot for growing. Star

14、t with herbs, she recommends, because “theyre very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level，” she added. “I think its a great place to start.” Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.Canning is a natural extension

15、 of the planting she does. With every planted food, Loe noted, theres a moment when its bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar，” Loe said. “Canning for me is about knowing whats in your food, knowing where it comes from.”In addition to being mor

16、e in touch with the food shes eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture，” she said, “that if we dont take care of the

17、earth, no one will.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Loe是“自己种植”现代生活方式的实践者，她热衷于自己种植香草和味道新鲜的食物，并将食物装入密封罐中保持以保持最佳的风味，更想通过自己的举动影响孩子们，让他们意识到保护地球的责任。4The underlined word “prerequisite” (Para.1) is closest in meaning to“_”ArecipeB. substituteCrequirement Dchallenge解析：选C词义猜测题。根据首段第二句“On a mere 1/10 of an acre .and preserve mu

18、ch of the food they consume”可知面积并不是硬要求。该句句意为：Loe在那里所做的一切证明，一个大农场对“自己种植”现代生活方式来说并不是一个硬要求。故选C项。5Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?AThey are used daily.BThey are easy to grow.CThey can grow very tall.DThey can be eaten uncooked.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第四段中“Start with herbs, she recommends, because theyre v

19、ery forgiving. Just a little of the herbs can take your regular cooking to a whole new level， she added.”可知香草很容易生长。故选B项。6According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?AIt can preserve their best flavor.BIt can promote her online sales.CIt can better her cooking skills.DIt can im

20、prove their nutrition.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第五段中“there is a moment when its bursting with its absolute peak flavor. I try to keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar，”可知将种植的事物装入密封罐中保存的好处是能够保持最佳的风味。故选A项。7What is the “the bigger picture” (Para. 6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?AThe knowledge abo

21、ut good food.BThe way to live a growourown life.CThe joy of getting in touch with foods.DThe responsibility to protect our earth.解析：选D词义猜测题。根据最后一段中尾句“that if we dont take care of the earth, no one will”可知the bigger picture指的是保护地球的责任。故选D项。CWilliam Lindesay has been interested in the Great Wall of Chi

22、na since seeing it in a school atlas (地图册) as a child in England. He can vividly recall seeing in the “Oxford School Atlas” the Great Wall with its battlement symbol. From that moment, he had in his mind that when he grew up hed go to China and walk along the Great Wall from end to end.Lindesays abo

23、ut 3,000km solo run along the Great Wall began in 1987. Running the length of the wall was a brave expedition, venturing into sparsely populated regions where there was little chance of help if the runner had an accident. During another trip, Lindesay and his team ventured deep into the Gobi Desert.

24、 The explorers almost died from dehydration (脱水). In total, Lindesay estimated in an interview that he had spent about 1,600 days of his life on the Great Wall in all seasons.Lindesay and his wife, Wu Qi, whom he got to know and fell in love with during his trips in China, had a farmhouse at the foo

25、t of the wall. During his exploration, he noticed some sections of the wall were badly damaged and covered with litter. Modernization and development were making the situation even worse. “Some people say it will take generations to change; I say we dont have generations of time. Its got to be much

26、quicker，” he said. Lindesay always carries a garbage bag with him in the wilderness, picking up litter along the way. Lindesay uses a garbage bag as his calling card. The cloth bag bears a set of nine simple guidelines in Chinese, which calls on people to obey while traveling or camping outdoors: “T

27、ake your own garbage home” “Pick up litter left by others” “Dont damage plants or flowers, or pick fruit” and lots more.语篇解读：William Lindesay自小对中国的长城感兴趣，长大后他到中国沿着长城独跑，实现了儿时的梦想，并沿路捡拾垃圾，促进对其的保护。8What sparked William Lindesays dream of exploring the Great Wall?ASeeing a movie about the Great Wall.BExpe

28、riencing a war for the Great Wall.CSurfing a website about the Great Wall.DAdmiring the Great Wall in the school atlas.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“William Lindesay has been interested in the Great Wall of China since seeing it in a school atlas (地图册) as a child in England”可知，自从在学校的一个地图册上看到长城，William Lindesa

29、y便一直对长城感兴趣。9What does the underlined word “sparsely” mean?ARemotely. BRarely.CFrequently. DLargely.解析：选B词义猜测题。根据该句中的定语从句“where there was little chance of help if the runner had an accident”可知，这些地区人口稀少，如果跑步者发生意外，几乎没有得到帮助的可能性，由此可推知，画线词意为“稀少地”，与B项含义相近。10What worsened the situation of the Great Wall?ATh

30、e destroyed ecosystems.BWaste caused by farms.CThe increasing tourists.DModernization and development.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Modernization and development were making the situation even worse”可知，现代化和发展使长城环境进一步恶化。11What sort of man is William Lindesay?AAdventurous and caring about the environment.BDeter

31、mined and grateful to his wife.CWarmhearted and polite to his teammates.DConsiderate and optimistic about the life.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第二段William Lindesay沿着长城独跑和深入探险戈壁沙漠的经历可推知，他具有冒险精神；结合第三段的内容可知，他呼吁人们保护长城，并身体力行，由此可推知，他关注环境。故选A。DWorld Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to ins

32、pire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stoc

33、kholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972. Each year the United Nations pick a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness

34、. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.The 2018 World Environment Day is hosted by India, and the theme is Beat Plastic Pollution. It urges people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags t

35、o reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which makes up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations pick a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades (游行), concerts, cleaning up and tree plant

36、ing and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you wont be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues o

37、r classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by

38、planting gardens, learn about green foods, raise money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况，呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。12Why is World Environment Day set up?ATo make people know more about nature.BTo ask peo

39、ple to help to protect the globe.CTo warn people of the danger of air pollution.DTo encourage people to plan the earths future.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，设立世界环境日的目的是鼓励人们积极参与环境保护并学会很多方法来帮助确保地球将来的安全，故选B。13What do people do on World Environment Day?ADecide a host city.BHold a theme party.CDiscuss environmen

40、tal ideas.DShow some plastic products.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others”以及最后一句可知，人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题。14Which of the following words is the closest in meaning to “disposable” in Paragraph 3?AHighcost. BPoorquality.CSecon

41、dhand. DSingleuse.解析：选D词义猜测题。根据画线词下文的“which makes up 10% of all of the waste”可知，“disposable plastic”造成大量资源浪费，所以“一次性的”符合语境，故选D项。15Whats the main idea of the last paragraph?AEvery bit of effort counts.BDoing is better than saying.CMany hands make light work.DNothing is impossible to a willing heart.解析

42、：选A段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要，故选A项。Doing is better than saying“行胜于言”；Many hands make light work“众人拾柴火焰高”；Nothing is impossible to a willing heart“有志者事竟成”。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) Schools consume a large amount of energy, which has a bad effect on the environment. _16_， the

43、re are lots of ways that you can help your school save energy. Look for simple changes your school can make and band together with others to make an even bigger effect._17_. Even something as simple as turning off the lights when you leave a room can help to save energy. Turn off the lights in class

44、rooms that are not being used and in other areas, such as empty bathrooms and unoccupied multipurpose rooms.Use natural light when the sun is bright. It may not always be necessary for you to have the lights on in your classroom. There may be times of day when the sun is especially bright and enough

45、 for what you are doing in your classroom. _18_.Set up a recycling station at your school. Recycling is a great way to save energy because it reduces the need to produce new materials. _19_， then ask your school principal if you can set one up.Get others involved. _20_. Either as an individual or as

46、 a team, you can create and put up signs around your school. Try using signs that remind people of things they can do to save energy and also some signs that raise awareness of saving energy.APost signs about conserving energyBWhether you are a teacher or a studentCIf your school does not have oneDT

47、urn off your computer when its not usedEShut down the lights when rooms are not in useFOther times of day you might only need half of the lightsGIf your schools garbage company offers recycling services16选B根据句子结构判断，本句是一个从句，七个选项中只有B、C和G三个选项符合要求。根据语境可知，此处表示“不管你是老师还是学生，总有许多可以帮助你们学校节约能源的方法”。故答案为B。17选E本段

48、主要讲述在离开教室等地方的时候关灯以便节约能源。本段中的一些提示词，如“turning off the lights”“Turn off the lights”等也暗示了本题的答案。18选F本段主要讲述当教室内光线充足时使用自然光。空前句子中的“times of day”与F项中的“Other times of day”形成对应关系。19选C本段谈论在学校内设置回收站回收可循环使用的材料。C选项中的one指代主题句中的a recycling station。20选A根据下文的“put up signs” “using signs” “some signs”提示词可以判断答案为A。.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)“Were not getting a paycheck this week.”I wasnt particularly _21_ by my husbands words. _22_，