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1、高中英语语法 高考二轮复习省略句考点【精讲版】各种场景的句子结构中的省略知识点总结省略表语的用法 在口语中,省去表语的情况比较普遍,如:Are you ready? 你们准备好了吗?Yes, we are. 是的,准备好了。说明:are后面省去了ready。Are you Mr. Smith? 你是史密斯先生吗?Yes, I am. 是的,我就是。说明:am后省去表语Mr. Smith。Are these your friends? 这些人是你的朋友吗?Yes, they are. 是的,他们是我的朋友。说明:are之后省去表语my friends。Hes a real man. 他是一个真正
2、的人。Who is? 谁?说明:is后省去表语a real man。I think were right. 我想我们是对的。 Im sure we are. 我想是这样。说明:are后省略了right。 省略助动词的用法 在口语中有时可以省略句中的助动词。如:You better try again. 你最好再试试。分析:you之后省去助动词had。You doing this on purpose? 你是故意在做此事?分析:you之后省去助动词are。They been coming here a long time. 他们很久都想到这里来。分析:they 后省去助动词have。 省略谓语的
3、用法 在有些特殊语境中,有时可以省去句子的谓语。如:Only one of us was injured, and he just slightly. 我们当中只有一人受了伤,而且只是轻伤。分析:he后省去谓语was injured。We went through the tests on a Monday. Jenny had hers during the day, and I mine after work. 有一个星期一,我们进行了检查。詹尼在白天,我是在下班之后。分析:I之后省去谓语had。有时可省去谓语中的主要动词。如:Ill be round as quick as I can.
4、 我将尽快赶来。分析:can之后省去主要动词be。I pitied her sincerely, as I would a child of my own. 我真心地爱怜她,就像爱怜我自己的孩子一样。分析:would之后省去主要动词pity。省略主语的用法 祈使句自然可省去主语,如:Leave him in peace! 不要去打扰他!Come at one oclock sharp. 准一点钟来。Listen to me, children! 听我讲,孩子们!Look both ways before you cross the road. 过马路之前要向两边看看。除祈使句外,还有其他省去主
5、语的情况,如:Dont know. 我不知道。(省去主语I)Beg your pardon. 请原谅。(省去主语I)Had a good time, didnt you?玩得很好,不是吗?(省去主语you)Doesnt look too well. 他脸色不大好。(省去主语he或she)Looks like rain. 像是要下雨了。(省去主语it)There be结构中的there有时也可省去,如:Must be somebody waiting for you. 一定是有人在等你。Appears to be a big crowd in the hall. 大厅里似乎有一大群人。英语省略虚
6、拟条件句型中的应用 一、省略连词if有时可将条件从句的连词if省略,但此时应用倒装句型,即将从句中的were, should, had 等提到句首。如:Were I you, I would stay. 倘若我是你, 那我就留下。Should I be free tomorrow, I will come. 万一我明天有空,我会来。Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。注: 若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were, should, had 等
7、缩略成werent, shouldnt, hadnt而置于句首。 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词。如:Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的。(=If I had time)二、省略从主语和动词be若主从句主语一致,且谓语部分包含有动词be,通常可将主语和动词be省略。如:If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早点儿修一下,拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier)三、省略“it+be”If necessary, I w
8、ould send more farm-hands to help you. 如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去你。四、省略整个条件从句这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文,即省略条件从句后,所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的。如:I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以亲自去看她,这样好一些。(=If I saw her personally, it would be better.)英语典型省略句分析 Like a drink? 来喝一杯?分析:句首省略了would you。 Her husband was banishe
9、d, and she with him. 她的丈夫被流放了,她随丈夫一起被流放了。分析:she之后省去谓语was banished。 Im hungry. 我饿了。Are you? 是吗?分析:省去表语hungry。一Show me your essay. 给我看看你的文章。一Ill show you later. 我以后给你看吧。分析:you后省去直接宾语my essay。 He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 那钱他花了一些,其余的他都存了起来。分析:the rest之后省去定语of the money) I wanted silence. Just silence. 我需要安静,只是安静。分析:just前省去了I wanted。 If you want me to, Ill buy the tickets. 如你要我买票的话,我就去买。分析:to后的被省略部分buy the tickets出现在与其相应部分之前。 Ill buy the tickets if you want me to.分析:to后的被省略部分buy the tickets出现在与其相应部分之后。 He is dead, and I alive. 他死了,我却活着。分析:I之后省去的am和与其相应的is也不相同。
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