2022届新高考英语人教版二轮复习学案-1.2.2推理判断题-于文有据不枉断.docx

《2022届新高考英语人教版二轮复习学案-1.2.2推理判断题-于文有据不枉断.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022届新高考英语人教版二轮复习学案-1.2.2推理判断题-于文有据不枉断.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、第二讲推理判断题于文有据不枉断推理判断题是阅读理解的另一重要题型，属于深层理解类试题，要求考生在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系及细节的分析，进行推理和判断，从而领会文章的深层意义及隐含意义。要想正确地解答此类题型，必须深入词句间，根据上下文作出合理的判断。现将一些常见的推理判断题归纳如下，旨在让考生掌握一些解题的技巧，从而减少应考中的失误。近3年全国卷考情分析全国卷推理判断题题量统计命题专家有话说高考状元传经验 年份卷别202120202019推理判断题若考查的内容是文章中的某个细节，可采用“同义互释”的解题方法，若考查的内容是人物所持的观点态度或对人物的评价时，可采用“去伪存真

2、”的解题方法，若考查作者的写作意图或预测事件的结局时，可采用“反推一步”的解题方法。通过研究近三年高考全国卷可知推理判断题数量呈上升趋势，务必重视。关注内在关系阅读时需要理解文章真正含义，切忌望文生义。关注文章出处充分考虑文章的出处，会带来意外的收获。关注情感态度作者一般通过文章所提供的客观事实或在字里行间的修饰性词汇中透露出某种想法。关注背景常识结合有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识。新高考卷54/全国卷(乙卷)654全国卷(甲卷)735全国卷/45技法1推断隐含意义逻辑分析得结论知答题方略一“抓”一“整”找“依据”，巧做推断隐含题1.抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：要善于抓住某一段

3、话中的关键信息，即用某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理。2.整合全文(段)信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文(段)意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。3.以事实为依据：推断一定要以文章所提供的事实为依据，不能凭空想象，这样才能做出合理的推断。明命题方式推断隐含意义类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：It can be inferred from the text that _It can be concluded from the last paragraph that.The writer/author indicates/sugge

4、sts/implies that _What can we infer about.？Which of the following statements does the passage support？What does the.paragraph imply？典例2021全国卷甲阅读BThe adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be

5、 returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.27What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserv

6、e?AThe rhino section will be open to the public.BIt aims to control the number of the animals.CIt will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.DSome of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.【破题关键点】第一步审读题目找出题干关键词be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve第二步定位到原文，寻找相关信息根据本段第一句“The adorab

7、le female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild”可知。第三步比对选项确定答案现在还不能确定这些幼崽是否适合被送回野生动物保护区，由此逻辑分析得结论，如果有的黑犀牛符合条件，是可以被送到野生动物保护区的。自主解答：_技法2写作意图类文体特点看意图知答题方略写作意图通常有以下三种

8、：1.to entertain readers/to tell an experience常见于记叙文、个人经历或文章故事类的文章。2.to persuade readers/to sell a product or a service/to attract readers or visitors常见于广告。3.to inform readers/to report/to tell/to describe多见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类的文章，以及劝告类或建议性的文章。明命题方式写作意图类命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：What is the main purpose of the t

9、ext？What is the purpose/intention of the author in writing this passage？For what purpose did the author write the passage？The writer writes this passage in order to.Why does the author mention.？典例2021新高考卷阅读DWe prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for

10、 either good or bad purposes.The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.33Why does the

11、 author mention“doctor” and“cheater” in Paragraph 2?ATo explain a rule. BTo clarify a concept.CTo present a fact. DTo make a prediction.【破题关键点】第一步审读题目找出题干关键词Paragraph 2第二步迅速读懂原文理清文章脉络根据文中“We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad

12、 purposes.”可知本段主要介绍情商的概念。第三步比对选项确定答案由此推断出提到的“医生”和“骗子”是对情商的概念的解释。自主解答：_技法3观点态度类利用语境的褒贬定态度知答题方略1.正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。2.留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。3.牢记常见有关作者情感态度的词语：(1)表示支持或肯定：positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；enthusiastic热情的；pleasant愉快的。(2)表示中立：indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的；o

13、bjective客观的；neutral中立的；not mentioned未提及的。(3)表示反对或否定：critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的； skeptical怀疑的； disapproving不赞成的。明命题方式观点态度类类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：How does the author feel about.？What does the author think of.？What is the authors opinion on/about.？What is the authors attitude towards/to.？The authors attitud

14、e towards. can be described as.How does the author sound when telling the story？典例2021新高考卷阅读DAlthough popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support，the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive

15、aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they

16、 serve people adaptively in everyday life.34What is the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?AFavorable. BIntolerant.CDoubtful. DUnclear.【破题关键点】第一步审读题目找出题干关键词the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence第二步定位到原文，寻找相关信息本段第一句“Although popular beliefs

17、regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.”可知。第三步比对选项确定答案作者认为情商的普及整体上利大于弊，故可知作者对于情商的普及持支持态度。自主解答：_技法4文章出处类根据文章体裁和内容推出处知答题方略文章出处主要考查考生能否根据文章主题、内容特点、文体特征、语言风格等判断出所读文章的具体出处。如：若所读材料具

18、有较强的时效性则可能出自新闻报道若所读材料涉及工作要求、工资待遇、联系电话等则可能出自招聘广告若所读材料推销介绍新产品，且格式特殊则可能是产品广告若所读材料轻松、休闲、普及各科知识则可能出自旅游杂志、休闲杂志等若文章中出现网址或与其相关的词汇表达，如click则可能出自网站明命题方式文章出处类类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：From which is the text probably taken？In which of the following would this passage most likely be found？The passage is probably taken ou

19、t of _？Where would the passage most probably appear？典例2021全国卷甲阅读ATake a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of todays most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect plat

20、form to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.23Where can the text be found?AIn a history book. BIn a novel.CIn an art magazine. DIn a biography.【破题关键点】第一步确定题干中的关键信息be found第二

21、步定位到原文，寻找相关信息根据文章“Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of todays most respected landscape photographers.”可知。第三步比对选项确定答案本文介绍的是年度风光摄影师奖及两位摄影师的作品，属于艺术的范畴，故文章应该出自于艺术杂志里。自主解答：_A2021合肥市高三一次质量检测“To me, love is the most important thing. What coul

22、d be more healing than love？”These words, like lines from a poem, are easy to agree with coming from Robin, who founded the Bumi Sehat Bali Clinic in central Ubud, the setting for the film Eat Pray Love. Now the clinic provides treatment or educational support for over 100，000 people annually.Giving

23、 birth to her first child at nineteen, Robin moved to Hawaii after college, working for several years on a farm, where she taught farming practices and poetry. But in 1991, she received heartbreaking news. Her idyllic life on the farm in Hawaii was turned upside down when her sister, expecting a chi

24、ld in Alabama, died of pregnancy complications (妊娠并发症).“When my dear sister passed away, I realized mothers were dying everywhere. In countries with increased poverty, some people cant afford to go to the hospital. What motivated me initially was my love for my sister, but this soon grew into a conc

25、ern for mothers and children all over the world.” Robins feelings for her sister were transformed into a desire to help women everywhere in need.To ensure that children are born healthy, nutritionally balanced meals are provided for expecting mothers free of charge. Those who lack housing are free t

26、o stay as long as it is necessary. The clinic also sees patients of all ages who have symptoms unrelated to childbirth, while providing facilities for language learning and IT education, and annually training over 6，000 nursing and midwifery (助产) students, backed by a scholarship program.Just as Rob

27、in said, love is to be found inside the Bumi Sehat Bali Clinic. Perhaps feelings of showing kindness toward others and wanting to make the world a better place are the key to a brighter tomorrow.1Which of the following best explains “idyllic” underlined in Paragraph 3?APeaceful. BDramatic.CTough. DT

28、roublesome.2What made Robin change her career course at first?AHer love for midwifery.BHer desire to help children.CHer sorrow for her sisters death.DHer loss of interest in poetry.3What do we know about the clinic?AIt is famous for its nursing program.BIt offers mothers-to-be free diets.CIt provide

29、s financial aid for mothers.DIt has treated more than 6，000 patients.4What can we learn from Robins story?ALove makes the world a better place.BUps and downs make one strong.CKindness can be richly rewarded.DHard work inspires great respect.B2021济南市11校联考The Indian government declared an “emergency s

30、ituation” in New Delhi on Sunday as air pollution hit dangerous new highs and people had the selfies (自拍) to prove it.Officials announced a series of measures to fight against smog in the capital city, including halting construction projects, closing a coal-fired power factory for 10 days and washin

31、g the dusty roads. The citizens, meanwhile, took “smog selfies” as they walked through dirty air which could taste and smell. Some selfie photographers joined hundreds of protesters in downtown New Delhi to demand that the government deal with the deadly smog.New Delhi, already one of the worlds dir

32、tiest cities, is experiencing its worst smog in nearly two decades. The city saw levels of PM2.5 of more than 900 micrograms per cubic meter on Saturday. Thats more than 90 times the level that the World Health Organization considers safe and is 15 times higher than the Indian governments standards.

33、Particulate (微粒的) matter comes from vehicles, coal factories, burning trash piles, dust and other sources. New Delhis severe pollution was initially blamed on the widespread bursting of firecrackers during the festival Diwali. But images published by NASA last week suggested that crop burning in the

34、 neighboring states of Punjab and Haryana could be the reason for the increasing levels of PM2.5. New Delhis chief minister, Arvind Kejriwal, said that farmers in those states begin burning straw at the start of every winter to clear their plants for planting wheat.The pollution can lead to lung can

35、cer, heart disease and related illnesses, particularly in growing children. Kejriwal said people should avoid going outdoors until the pollution levels drop and should work at home as much as possible. Of course, they should put down the selfie sticks, too.5What does the underlined word “halting” in

36、 Paragraph 2 mean?AStopping. BEncouraging.CProtecting. DChanging.6What can we know from the text?AThe poor condition in New Delhi has led to a strike.B. New Delhi is one of the most polluted cities in the world.CA lot of people especially children died of smog in New Delhi.DKejriwal suggested that p

37、eople stop working to deal with smog.7What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?AImages of people living in New Delhi.BLevels of PM2.5 in most cities of India.CSources of particulate matter in New Delhi.DMeasures taken by the New Delhi government.8Whats Kejriwals attitude towards smog selfies?ADoubt

38、ful. BSupportive.CUncaring. DOpposed.第二讲推理判断题于文有据不枉断研磨真题提升审题能力技法1答案：D技法2答案：B技法3答案：A技法4答案：C随堂落实创新应用体验A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我人物故事Robin及其诊所【文章大意】Robin本来过着平静而惬意的乡村生活。但在经历了妹妹因妊娠并发症离世之后，她决定成立Bumi Sehat Bali诊所，帮助更多贫困地区需要帮助的准妈妈。她用爱心为世界贡献了自己的一份力量。1答案与解析：A考查理解词汇的能力。根据第三段中的“working for several years on a farm，where

39、 she taught farming practices and poetry”可知，Robin在夏威夷教农业惯例和诗歌，结合本句中的“was turned upside down”可推知，此处指她的生活平静而惬意，故A项与画线词的意义最为接近。idyllic“平和美丽的，完美无瑕的”。dramatic“突然的，令人吃惊的”；tough“艰难的”；troublesome“令人烦恼的”。2答案与解析：C考查推断的能力。根据第四段中的“What motivated me initially was my love for my sister, but this soon grew into a

40、concern for mothers and children all over the world”可知，最初改变Robin事业进程的是她对妹妹的爱，而她的妹妹因妊娠并发症离世，故可推知C项正确。3答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第五段中的“To ensure that children are born healthy, nutritionally balanced meals are provided for expecting mothers free of charge”可知，诊所为准妈妈免费提供营养均衡的膳食，故B项正确。4答案与解析：A考查推断的能力。本文主要讲述了R

41、obin成立Bumi Sehat Bali诊所，帮助更多贫困地区需要帮助的准妈妈的故事，再结合最后一段中的“love is to be found inside the Bumi Sehat Bali Clinic. Perhaps feelings of showing kindness toward others and wanting to make the world a better place are the key to a brighter tomorrow”可知，Robin的故事告诉我们爱让世界成为一个更好的地方，故A项正确。B【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了印

42、度新德里的空气污染指数已经达到了当地纪录最高值以及民众对此的反应。5答案与解析：A词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“Officials announced a series of measures to fight against smog in the capital city”可知，当地官员宣布了一系列措施来应对首都的雾霾，包括停止建筑项目、关闭火力发电厂、洗刷满是灰尘的路。因此，halting应意为“停止”，与A项意思相近。故选A。6答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据关键句“New Delhi, already one of the worlds dirtiest cities, is ex

43、periencing its worst smog in nearly two decades.”(第三段第一句)可知，新德里是世界上污染最严重的城市之一。故选B。7答案与解析：C主旨大意题。根据第四段内容尤其是第一句“Particulate (微粒的) matter comes from vehicles, coal factories, burning trash piles, dust and other sources.”可知，微粒物质来自车辆、煤炭厂、垃圾焚烧堆、灰尘以及其他来源。由此可知，本段主要介绍了新德里微粒污染物的来源。故选C。8答案与解析：D观点态度题。根据关键句“Of course, they should put down the selfie sticks, too.”(最后一段最后一句)可推知，Kejriwal反对烟雾自拍。故选D。