4.1 Reading and Thinking-2020-2021学年高一英语课时同步练（人教版2019必修第一册）.doc

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1、Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 4.1 Reading and Thinking一.基础巩固I单词拼写1. A local government-funded company was responsible for building the plant and it also built all the supporting facilities（设施） like roads, water and e_ supply.2. Seasonal droughts are causing more and more d_, threatening the sustainable d

2、evelopment and peoples well-being in the region.3.In 2019, the Mekong River experienced its lowest water level since records began because of d_.4. Gao said that China has had no intention to rock the boat and/or d_ the global order.5. The little mistake r_ his chance of getting the job.6. She decid

3、ed to b_ the secret deep within herself.7. People who have just risen out of poverty can fall into poverty again due to natural d_, illnesses or other problems.8. Rates of extreme poverty could rise to a_ more than 1 billion people due to the pandemic in the world.9. This summer, many places in Chin

4、a have been damaged by f_ caused by heavy rains, with more than 63 million people affected nationwide.10. In the rescue mission in 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, Chen Lu searched for and r_ those in need, dragging injured legs and carrying equipment weighing over 30 kilograms.II.单句语法填空1.The _ (injure) we

5、re sent to the nearest hospital right away after the accident.2.We were rescued _ the sinking ship by a passing boat.3.The big fire caused great damage _ the building built last year.4.What he told us was a _ story，which made us all_.(shock)5.When the comet（彗星） gets closer to the sun, the energy of

6、the sun heats the comet, and gas and dust _ (eruption)from the surface of the comet, forming a huge dust tail, usually in yellow.6.He was trying to save the girl _ (trap) in the burning house.7. I was so weak that even standing up was _effort.8. _ (bury) himself in the newspaper，he didnt notice what

7、 was happening.9. He used to _(suffer) from the noise caused by garbage trucks as well as bad smells. 10. China highly appreciates the _ (tire) efforts by the WHO. III.短语填空in ruins，instead of，fall down，come to an end，dig out，in shock，blow away，as usual, be trapped in, as if/as though1.When the young

8、 man _ the building，he felt very helpless.2.Years of fighting has left the city _ (ruin)；it would take a lot of money to rebuild it.3.The boy walked slowly _he had hurt his leg.4.Cheer up！The world is not _!5.The shelter might _ if it rains more heavily.6. _ being annoyed，he seemed quite pleased.7.I

9、 am 30 years old, so I often talk with my customers about _ Thirty (a popular TV series in China) 8.The survivors were _，wondering how long the disaster would last.9.That day he went to work out in the gym _.10.It was reported that an American couple had _ a lot of gold coins from their own yard.IV.

10、翻译1.井壁上出现了很多深裂缝。_2鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西,狗也不愿意进楼里。_3. 仿佛世界末日即将来临！_4. 在这次地震中死亡或严重受伤的人数达到40多万。_5. 地震刚刚过去，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。_V.根据课文填空Several days before July 28,1976，many strange things happened in Tangshan. They were signs for an earthquake. But people 1. lived there didnt think much of that.

11、 At 342 am that day，the earth began 2. _(shake)，3. destroyed almost all the city in fifteen terrible seconds. People were 4. _ shock. Later that afternoon,5. big earthquake shook the city again. Even 6. (many) buildings fell down. Very soon the army sent a lot of soldiers to help，and teams were orga

12、nized to dig out the 7. (trap) and to bury the dead.Many people, 8. (include) nurses and doctors，came to rescue those who were trapped under the ruins. Slowly，things 9. (improve) and the city began to breathe again. With the governments support and the local peoples tireless 10. (effort)，a new Tangs

13、han was built upon the earthquake ruins. It proves that in times of disaster，people must unify.二、拓展提升.阅读理解AThe earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.Fragile items li

14、ke those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface，near the ground instead of placing them on the cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed，sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement，these pieces

15、 will fall on the floor directly and not on you.There is a strong chance of short circuits(短路) and fire during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.During an earthquake，lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go

16、near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.If you are outdoors，do not take

17、shelter under a tree，streetlights，electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving，stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.If trapped in debris(瓦砾堆)，cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or the wall so that rescuers c

18、an find you. Use a whistle if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.1.The purpose of the passage is to tell readers .A. the damage caused by earthqu

19、akesB. the rescue work after earthquakesC. how to prevent earthquakesD. what to do about earthquakes2.The underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”.A. Easily found B. Easily brokenC. Expensive D. Heavy3.During the earthquake，people are advised to .A. go out of the building at onceB

20、. drive to a safe place quicklyC. take shelter under a treeD. turn off electricity and gas immediatelyBLi Fangbo had a new companion while fighting floods this yeara drone.As he drove a boat through the water on rescue operations, the drone（无人驾驶飞机） was flying overhead in a supporting role.The drone

21、is able to get into dangerous zones quickly and detect whether there is anyone trapped and whether the rescue route is safe or not, said Li, a drone operator from the Wuhu in Anhui province.In addition to drones, a series of technologies have been applied in fighting floods this year in Anhui, which

22、 has saved time and energy.Ye Mingdong, who has been working at the front line of flood control and drought relief for years in Dangtu county, Maanshan city, has seen the difference new technologies have made while fighting floods this summer.In the past, telephones would keep ringing as flood contr

23、ol staff from the townships and villages called to ask about the real-time precipitation（降雨量) and water levels. But this year, the automatic monitoring and reporting system has helped gather key data at the rivers and lake gates, said Ye, deputy director of the countys flood control and drought reli

24、ef office.The system, first applied during the flood season in 2018, gathers and transmits statistics every five minutes, which makes real-time statistics available on the internet.There is also a wall of screens with signals from 70 high-resolution cameras at the office, which offers real-time view

25、s of levees（防洪堤） along the Yangtze River, high-risk sections and important gates in the county.We also have a helmet with a camera attached to it, which can transmit real-time images from rescue sites to headquarters to help direct the rescue work, Ye said.This monitoring network is part of Chinas e

26、fforts to apply big data and artificial intelligence in flood control.According to Liu Zhiyu, an official with the Ministry of Water Resources, it takes only 10 to 15 minutes to gather precipitation and water level data from all the 120,000 flood-forecasting stations across the country.Statistics ar

27、e considered key for flood control.Abundant information on the precipitation and water levels on the upper and lower reaches and the surrounding areas is necessary for fighting floods, Ye said.1.Whats the drone can do help Li in the rescue?A. detect trapped persons B. drive a boatC. fly overheadD. f

28、ight floods2.Which part is not included in the automatic monitoring and reporting system ?A. wall of screensB.70 high-resolution cameras along the Yangtze RiverC. a helmet with a camera attached to itD. a drone3.What can you infer from the passage?A. a drone can help rescue people when disaster happ

29、ens.B. the automatic monitoring and reporting system is a special network system used for recuing in the floodsC. Statistics are considered key for flood control.D. big data and artificial intelligence has taken an important part in flood controlII.完形填空The earthquake was over and the city was in rui

30、ns.I had no choice but to walk home as all the 1 had stopped as a result of the quake. On my way home I 2 an old lady at a bakery shop giving out free bread，which made my heart 3.A man was holding a sign saying，“Please use our 4 .” He was 5 his house for people to go to the restroom.My friend， 6 wan

31、ted to be of help to others，stood in the cold with a sign “If you dont 7 a motorcycle，Ill be glad to drive you home.” And then I saw him pick up an old man and drive him all the way to a faraway place! The next day I drove to have my car 8 .There was not enough 9 now and many gas stations were eithe

32、r closed or have very 10 lines. I got worried，since I was 11 fifteen cars. Finally，when my 12 came，the man smiled and said，“ 13 this situation，we are only giving $30 worth gas per person. Is that alright？” “ 14 .Its nice that we are all able to 15 ，” I said. His smile gave me so much comfort.At the

33、escape center I saw a man 16 when people brought food to him. It was the first time in three days that food had been brought to their center. However，after he cleaned up the tears，his next 17 surprised me. “I am very 18 that we are provided with food. But people in the city next to us havent 19 any

34、food at all. Please go to that center as well.” Hearing that，I realized there was a bright future on the other side of this 20 .1.A. life B. business C. rescue D. traffic2.A. noticed B. missed C. ignored D. caught3.A. kind B. broken C. warm D. empty4.A. hotel B. toilet C. hospital D. house5.A. openi

35、ng B. selling C. repairing D. building6.A.who B. whom C. which D. he7.A. buy B. care C. matter D. mind 8.A. used up B. taken up C. filled up D. washed away9.A.gas B. information C. food D. water10.A. direct B. fine C. long D. thin11.A. behind B. between C. among D. beneath12. A. time B. turn C. duty

36、 D. decision13.A. Except for B. Together with C. Instead of D. Because of14.A. Not at all B. Of course C. No way D. Never mind15.A. share B. offer C. learn D. choose16. A. crying B. eating C. smiling D. singing17.A. ways B. roles C. words D. promises 18. A. sure B. grateful C. surprised D. proud 19.

37、A. bought B. wasted C. prepared D. received20.A. disaster B. chance C. city D. centerIII.短文填空 As far as I know，the heavy storm was one of the worst 1.(event) of the city. It hit the western part of the city last night. The wind speed reached eighty kilometers per hour. The storm caused serious damag

38、e 2. at least two hundred homes. A great number of families 3.(be) left homeless after the roofs of the houses were blown away. Scenes of the disaster could be seen everywhere，which made people 4.(frighten).In Main Street，the city park was flooded completely. Many cars 5.(destroy) completely by floo

39、dwater. One car owner without full insurance burst out 6.(cry).Some cars were carried across the parking area and dumped(倾斜) into storm-water drains. In another block，a tree fell on a bus 7. was taking some football players to a game.8.(luck)，no one in the bus got 9.(injure).It was pleasing that the

40、 storm was finally at 10. end after doing extreme damage. IV. 写作假如你是高三学生赵刚，你与一名叫王林的灾区孤儿结对子给予帮助。为了和他成为朋友，并在学习上给予他一定的帮助，请给他写一封信，信的内容包括：1. 你个人的基本情况(年龄，爱好，特长，理想);2. 向他介绍你的学习经验(至少两条);3. 欢迎他到学校学习参观。注意：1. 词数100词左右;2. 文章的开头和结尾已经给出;Dear Wang Lin,Its really my pleasure to make friends with you. Im_.Looking fo

41、rward to your letter.Best wishes.Yours,Zhao GangARMY LIFETranslated by Xu YuanchongClouds on frontier have darkened mountains clad in snow;The town with Gate of Jade stands far away, forlorn.We will not leave the desert till we beat the foe,Although in war our golden armour be outworn.诗欣赏从军行王昌龄青海长云暗

42、雪山，古城遥望玉门关。黄沙百战穿金甲，不破楼兰终不还。答案：一.基础巩固I单词拼写1.electricity 2.damage 3.drought 4.destroy 5.ruined6.bury 7.disasters 8.affect 9.floods 10.rescuedII.单句语法填空1.injured 2. from 3.to 4. shocking, shocked 5. erupt6.trapped 7.an 8. Burying 9.suffer 10.tirelessIII.短语填空1.was trapped in 2.in ruins 3.as if/thoughing

43、to an end 5.fall down 6.Instead of7.Nothing But 8.in shock 9.as usual 10.dug outIV.翻译1.There were deep cracks thatappearedinthewellwalls.2.Chickens and even pigs weretoonervoustoeat，and dogs refusedtogoinsidebuildings.3It seemed as if the world werecomingtoanend!4.The number of people whowerekilledo

44、rbadlyinjured in the quake was more than 400,000.5.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those whoweretrappedandtoburythedead.V.根据课文填空1.who/that, 2.toshake, 3.which, 4.in, 5.another, 6.more, 7.trapped, 8.including,9.improved,10. Efforts二、拓展提升.阅读理解A语篇解读:本文介绍了在地震来临时，如何做才能把损害降到最低。1.答案D解