专题06 完形填空（记叙文+说明文）-2023年高考英语真题题源解密（新高考卷）含答案.pdf

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1、专题 06 完形填空（记叙文+说明文）（2023新高考卷新高考卷 I 完形填空）完形填空）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。On Oct.11,hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have _21_ the course earlier than she did.Her _22_ came because she was carrying a _23_ across the finish line.As r

2、eported by a local newspaper,Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her _24_ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.She _25_ to help her fellow runner,Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with _26_.She couldnt.Bailey then _27_ to let Lenoue cli

3、mb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line,then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get _28_ attention.Once there,Lenoue was _29_ and later taken to a hospital,where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.She would have struggled with extreme _30_ to ma

4、ke it to that aid checkpoint without Baileys help.As for Bailey,she is more _31_ about why her act is considered a big _32_.“She was just crying.I couldnt _33_ her,”Bailey told the reporter.“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”Although the two young women were strangers before the _34_,the

5、yve since become friends.Neither won the race,but the _35_ of human kindness won the day.21.A.designedB.followedC.changedD.finished22.A.delayB.chanceC.troubleD.excuse23.A.judgeB.volunteerC.classmateD.competitor24.A.raceB.schoolC.townD.training25.A.agreedB.returnedC.stoppedD.promised26.A.courageB.aid

6、C.patienceD.advice27.A.went awayB.stood upC.stepped asideD.bent down28.A.medicalB.publicC.constantD.equal29.A.interruptedB.assessedC.identifiedD.appreciated30.A.hungerB.painC.coldD.tiredness31.A.worriedB.ashamedC.confusedD.discouraged32.A.gameB.problemC.lessonD.deal33.A.leaveB.cureC.botherD.understa

7、nd34.A.rideB.testC.meetD.show35.A.secretB.displayC.benefitD.exchange专题06 完形填空（记叙文+说明文）-2023年高考英语真题题源解密（新高考卷）（2023新高考卷新高考卷 II 完形填空）完形填空）In April last year,I saw a post on the PNP(Pilots N Paws)website from a family in Topeka.They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight _41_.They could n

8、ot afford to pay for _42_ for their dog,Tiffy,and _43_ wanted to take her with them.It just _44_ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot,Karen,who _45_ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.What I was to do was fly to Topeka to _46_ Tiffy.When I met Tiffys owners,they seemed v

9、ery _47_.George,the husband,was trying to be calm,but I could tell this was _48_ for him,having to leave his dog to a _49_ and trust that everything would _50_.After some goodbyes,I asked George and his wife to help me _51_ Tiffy into the plane.I promised to take care of Tiffy and _52_ them as soon

10、as we got to Kansas City.The flight was _53_,and Tiffy was a great passenger.The next day,she _54_ with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.He was so _55_ and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.41.A.

11、turnB.budgetC.scheduleD.connection42.A.foodB.shelterC.medicineD.transportation43.A.desperatelyB.temporarilyC.secretlyD.originally44.A.appearedB.provedC.happenedD.showed45.A.waitedB.offeredC.hurriedD.failed46.A.see offB.look forC.hand overD.pick up47.A.confusedB.nervousC.annoyedD.curious48.A.hardB.fi

12、neC.commonD.lucky49.A.coworkerB.passengerC.strangerD.neighbor50.A.speed upB.work outC.come backD.take off51.A.feedB.followC.changeD.load52.A.callB.joinC.leaveD.serve53.A.unnecessaryB.unexpectedC.unavoidableD.uneventful54.A.returnedB.foughtC.flewD.agreed55.A.thankfulB.generousC.proudD.sympathetic【命题意

13、图】【命题意图】2023 年 I 卷完形填空讲述了越野赛跑运动员在比赛中将受伤的运动员背至终点就医，旨在引导学生关注体育与身心健康，提高运动意识，在体育锻炼中锤炼意志，涵养体育精神。与前两年相比，从体裁到主题语境都与前两年的考题基本保持了一致。2023 年 II 卷完形填空讲述了作者通过 Pilots N Paws 网站帮助一家搬家的人将他们的狗接到另一个城市的过程，作者和另一位飞行员一起完成了这次任务，最终成功将这只狗带回到了它的主人身边的感人故事。该语篇旨在通过真实、生动的英语语境来检验学生的基础语言知识和文化素养，要求考生在正确理解语篇主旨大意的同时，注重揣摩不同词语、句子及篇章结构之间

14、的联系。同时，强调考查考生在英语词法、句法及语篇知识方面的掌握及应用能力，突出基础知识在实际语境中的运用。选项设计具有情境依存性，可提高考试的实用性。从命题趋势看，完形填空文章的选材趋于多样化，更多是记叙性的文章，带有一定的故事情节，叙议结合，往往富有哲理。如果空格要求学生填入连词、介词、冠词等则空格为功能性空格，此类设空往往为词内项或句间项，即词组固定搭配或句子与句子间的关系。此类设空一般很少。如果要求填入名词、形容词、动词等实义词，则空格为语义空格，而这正是近几年高考对词汇的考察重点，包括含有这些词的词组词义辨析等。其所设空大多数为词间项，句内项和句间项。【考查要点】【考查要点】2023

15、年 I 卷考点分布情况：动词 4 道(21,25,29,33)；名词 8 道(22,23,24,26,30,32,34,35)；形容词、副词 2道(28,31)；动词短语 1(27)。2023 年 I 卷完形填空较去年相比，注重对实词的考查，相比前 2 年的试题，名词词义辨析的数量明显增加了，其中名词词义辨析考了 8 题，动词词义辨析考了 4 题，相比前 2 年新高考 I卷，名词词义辨析的数量明显增加，而动词词义辨析的数量这 2 年有所下降。另外，词汇的运用和短语的表达地道。如“step aside”“bent down”等表达都非常地道，这些地道的短语在阅读中也大量出现。这就要求学生平时的训

16、练中多注重常用短语的积累。2023 年 II 卷考点分布情况：动词 7 道，名词 3 道，形容词 4 道，副词 1 道。由此可以看出 2023 年 II卷完形填空动词的考察明显增加，名词有所减少，形容词和副词的考察有所上升，没有考查介词或介词短语。今年考察的知识点分布更加平均，但全是考察实词。完形填空在考察形容词和副词的时候往往与主题相关。词汇的运用和短语的表达新颖地道。如“a very tight budget”“made it back to”等表达都非常地道，这些地道的短语在阅读中也大量出现。The flight was _33_,and Tiffy was a great passen

17、ger.句意：这次飞行平安无事，Tiffy 是个很棒的乘客，故选择 uneventful 太平无事的。这些都要求学生在平时的训练中多注重积累。【课标链接】【课标链接】完形填空是高考英语试卷中较困难的题型，同时也是较能有效反映考生能力的好题型该题型是基于心理学上的格式塔效应，即注重整体感知。从表面看它是考学生的词汇知识。实际上它是以文章为裁体，全面考察学生的综合语言运用能力，是在对文章的总体把握和全面理解的基础上考察学生在具体的语境中对词汇的把握，同时还考察学生的逻辑分析，推理等思维能力。完形填空实际是“词感现象”的展示，主要是考查考生的词感能力。所谓“问感”是指一种对词或词群的感受能力，对词的

18、感受力强，解题时会较容易找到它与情景的关系。考生较为娴熟的语感有助于理解语段或词句，而娴熟的词感则有助于选词准确，逻辑顺畅。词感并不仅仅指词与词之间的细微差别，也并不注重词的搭配或组合，而是较多地强调选用恰当的词，以利于对情景做出合乎逻辑的判断。【1】（2022新高考卷新高考卷 I 完形填空）完形填空）My husband,our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.Some of our _41_ are funny,especially from the early ye

19、ars when our children were little.Once,we _42_ along Chalk Creek.I was _43_ that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek(小溪).I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.That lasted about ten minutes.He was _44_,and his crying let the whole campground know it.So _45_ tying him

20、up,I just kept a close eye on him.It _46_ he didnt end up in the creek.My three-year-old,however,did.Another time,we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake.The sky was clear when we _47_,but storms move in fast in the mountains,and this one quickly _48_ our peaceful morning trip.The _49_ picked up and thun

21、der rolled.My husband stopped fishing to _50_ the motor.Nothing.He tried again.No _51_.We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.As we all sat there _52_,a fisherman pulled up,threw us a rope and towed(拖)us back.We were _53_.Now,every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the

22、garage,we are filled with a sense of _54_,wondering what camping fun and _55_ we will experience next.41.A.ideasB.jokesC.memoriesD.discoveries42.A.campedB.droveC.walkedD.cycled43.A.annoyedB.surprisedC.disappointedD.worried44.A.unhurtB.unfortunateC.uncomfortableD.unafraid45.A.due toB.instead ofC.apar

23、t fromD.as for46.A.workedB.happenedC.matteredD.changed47.A.signed upB.calmed downC.checked outD.headed off48.A.arrangedB.interruptedC.completedD.recorded49.A.windB.noiseC.temperatureD.speed50.A.findB.hideC.startD.fix51.A.luckB.answerC.wonderD.signal52.A.patientlyB.tirelesslyC.doubtfullyD.helplessly5

24、3.A.sorryB.braveC.safeD.right54.A.reliefB.dutyC.prideD.excitement55.A.failureB.adventureC.performanceD.conflict【2】（2022新高考卷新高考卷 II 完形填空）完形填空）Like many young people,Jessica wants to travel the globe.Unlike most of them,this 25-year-old is doing it _21_.She and her husband have spent the last two year

25、s traveling the world,stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.It might sound like one long,expensive _22_,but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel _23_.Theyre part of a new form of the _24_ economy:an online group of house sitters.Throughout their no-cost stays in _25_ homes,they f

26、eed pets and water plants in the homeowners _26_.Its not all sightseeing.The two travelers carefully _27_ their trips,scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to _28_.But house sitting also offers a level of _29_ they cant find in a hotel.“Its like _30_ at a friends house,”

27、Jessica says.The couple has a high _31_ rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowners _32_.For Jessica,that means _33_ plenty of pictures of happy pets,keeping the house _34_ and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house.“You want to make the hom

28、eowner feel that they made the right _35_,”she says.22.A.gameB.serviceC.vacationD.procedure23.A.safeB.busyC.helpfulD.affordable24.A.localB.privateC.sharingD.agricultural25.A.strangersB.parentsC.co-workersD.neighbors26.A.favorB.defenseC.honorD.absence27.A.planB.explainC.compareD.complete28.A.buyB.tra

29、nsportC.chooseD.please29.A.supportB.comfortC.controlD.attention30.A.cookingB.stayingC.waitingD.studying31.A.successB.survivalC.growthD.unemployment32.A.budgetB.abilitiesC.expectationsD.understanding33.A.admiringB.donatingC.sendingD.borrowing34 A.cleanB.openC.simpleD.empty35.A.guessB.decisionC.respon

30、seD.impression【3】（2021新高考卷新高考卷 I 完形填空）完形填空）My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school,when,for three whole days,I worked in a baking factory.My best friend Betsys father was a manager at Hough Bakeries,which,at Easter time,_41_ little bunny (兔 子)cakes for all its _42_throughout C

31、leveland.It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for _43_ help during our spring break,for which I had no_44_ beyond listening to my favorite records.Id _45_ minimum wage.Id see how a factory_46_.My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsys dad with their _47_.Our_

32、48_in the factory were simple:Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing(糖霜)ears.Apply icing eyes and nose._49_ bunny from the belt.This was _50_ than it sounds._51_ a bit and the.cakes pile up.As I told my parents at dinner that first night,it was all a little more high-pressure than Id _52_.Dad _53

33、_.The son of a grocer,hed spent the summers of his childhood_54_ food in Benardsville,New Jersey.This was the sort of work that made you_55_ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work,he told me.41.A.soldB.orderedC.madeD.reserved42.A.storesB.familiesC.schoolsD.citizens43.A.generousB.f

34、inancialC.technicalD.temporary44.A.plansB.problemsC.excusesD.hobbies45.A.offerB.earnC.setD.suggest46.A.workedB.closedC.developedD.survived47.A.ambitionB.permissionC.experienceD.invitation48.A.joysB.ideasC.rolesD.choices49.A.SaveB.KeepC.StopD.Remove50.A.harderB.betterC.longerD.cheaper51.A.Calm downB.

35、Slow downC.Stay onD.Move on52.A.indicatedB.witnessedC.expectedD.remembered53.A.criedB.smiledC.hesitatedD.refused54.A.tastingB.findingC.sharingD.delivering55.A.withdrawB.donateC.receiveD.appreciate【4】（2021新高考卷新高考卷 II 完形填空）完形填空）Over the past 38 years,Mr.Wang has pretended to be someone else many times

36、,and has even learned to _21_ different dialects（方言），leading to him being described as an“Oscar-winning actor.The 60-year-old is not an actor,but a _22_ However,he is more devoted to his“_23_ than any real actor.In the 1990s,a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars.To

37、 look into the _24_，Wang disguised（伪装）himself and _25_ the beggars.Dirty shorts and old shoes gave him the _26_ of a real beggar and his convincing dialect soon won him the _27_ of the beggars.“I often _28_ them to drink alcohol.Once they were _29_,they began to talk a lot,Wang said.“Id then _30_ my

38、self to use the toilet,_31_ what the beggars said,and send the _32_ to my teammates.”Wang，who is often in _33_ situations，is also a judo（柔道）master.“As long as I get close enough,no criminal can _34_ from me,he said.Wangs _35_ won him several honors,including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Cit

39、ations of Merit.Paris.21.A.teachB.compareC.assessD.speak22.A.lawyerB.doctorC.policemanD.businessman23.A.roleB.studyC.familyD.audience24.A.minorB.caseC.futureD.question25.A.interviewedB.joinedC.arrestedD.assisted26.A.challengeB.experienceC.appearanceD.freedom27.A.voteB.sympathyC.permissionD.trust28.A

40、.invitedB.forcedC.helpedD.expected29.A.drunkB.desertedC.boredD.lost30.A.guideB.persuadeC.excuseD.allow31.A.refer toB.note downC.ask aboutD.miss out32.A.planB.agreementC.directionD.information33.A.awkwardB.dangerousC.unfortunateD.strange34.A.separateB.recoverC.escapeD.hear35.A.courageB.honestyC.kindn

41、essD.optimism分析近几年的高考试题，可以发现完形填空所选文章常富于哲理,耐人寻味,可读性较强。体裁或记叙或夹叙夹议。记叙文的阅读一要抓住时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果六要素，二要弄清记叙的顺序，三要把握好人物的情感和态度。如果记叙中所涉及的人物较多，还要弄清人物之间的关系。在阅读解题时，首先要通读全文，弄清六要素和记叙的顺序，特别要注意文章中所提到的多个时间、地点、人物，理清起因、经过和结果；然后阅读选项，弄清事情的起因、经过和结果，根据故事发展的线索、事物的先后顺序、指代、同词重现等下上文信息确定答案。所谓夹叙夹议就是一方面叙述某一事情,一方面又对此事加以分析与评论。这种表达

42、方式中的叙与议是一个有机的整体,叙是议的基础,即议论不能脱离记叙,必须在记叙的基础上展开;议是叙的渗透,即议论要有一定的深度与广度。教学备考建议：1.分析结构,抓住作者的观点。在做题时大家要借助文章结构,认真体会记叙和议论的关系,抓住作者的观点,明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构,从而明白作者的思路。2.重视首句,把握文章主题。首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作中心,为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。3.叙议兼顾,理解议论内涵。夹叙夹议文中叙与议是一个有机的整体,叙是议的基础而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时,掌握议论部分的内容是关键,因为叙述是为作者的议

43、论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合对人物心理和行为的描述,全面把握文章才能正确解题。4.抓住转换理清逻辑关系。抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式理清上下文之间的逻辑关系,在充分把握语境的基础上,辨析词语进一步把握作者的观点、态度,找到正确答案。【1】（2023 届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三 5 月适应性考试英语试题）月适应性考试英语试题）“Hey!You have a hairless spot on the back of your head!”Moms alarmed cry hit me like a shock.I trie

44、d to shrug it off.“Itll grow back.”I worked to sound _21_.At first,the loss was minimal._22_ the spot with my fingers became the top priority every day.No new hair,smooth as an egg.Weeks later,the spot was a little larger,and there was still no _23_ of any hair poking through the skin.I began to _24

45、_,but continued to try to be cool about it.As days went by,my hair started to fall faster and more._25_ my fingers through it,I would stare at the alarming quantity of hair in my hands,willing this to _26_ happening to me.We went to see a doctor,who diagnosed my condition as alopecia(脱发症).He recomme

46、nded an injection to try,which would be _27_ to the head skin.I underwent several costly injections over a few months,but in vain._28_ the injection began to trouble my sleep,and we finally had to stop the _29_.My hair still didnt grow back.I had to wear a wig(假发)to school every day,worried it might

47、 slip one day and that everything would _30_.Though aware that I should _31_ the fact to my friends,I was scared,not knowing how they would handle the information._32_,hesitantly,I told them what was happening after days of struggle.To my surprise,they all thought nothing of it.This was a(n)_33_ for

48、 me.I came to realize that what had happened was not my fault,and not something I should feel _34_ of.I am learning that being bald doesnt change who I am,and if I dont let it affect my self _35_ then other people are much more likely to accept me as I am,too.21.A.mildB.calmC.upsetD.relieved22.A.Che

49、ckingB.PolishingC.ClearingD.Covering23.A.senseB.chanceC.signD.way24.A.wonderB.panicC.swingD.withdraw25.A.ReachingB.ShiftingC.FeelingD.Running26.A.delayB.avoidC.ceaseD.keep27.A.attachedB.connectedC.guidedD.applied28.A.After allB.Worse stillC.In briefD.By contrast29.A.motionB.procedureC.routineD.missi

50、on30.A.break outB.draw to a closeC.fade awayD.come to light31.A.revealB.restrictC.distributeD.highlight32.A.InsteadB.FurthermoreC.AnywayD.Thus33.A.blowB.creditC.exceptionD.miracle34.A.proudB.ashamedC.fondD.guilty35.A.evaluationB.introductionC.acceptanceD.dependence【2】（2023 届河北省张家口市高三届河北省张家口市高三 5 月三模