2023年考研英语二真题和答案.docx

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1、2023 英语二真题和答案 1/122023 年研究生考试英语二真题和答案Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or Don ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Heres a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today:youre the CEO of asmall business,and thoug

2、h youre making a nice 1,you need to find a way to take it to the nextlevel.What you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team.A growth team is made up ofmembers from different departments within your company,and it harnesses the power ofcollaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.Let

3、s look at a real-world 4.Prior to forming a growth team,the software company BitTorrenthad 50 employees working in the 5 departments of engineering marketing and productdevelopment.This brought them good results until 2012,when their growth plateaued.The 6 wasthat too many customers were using the b

4、asic,free version of their product.And 7 improvementsto the premium,paid version,few people were making the upgrade.Things changed,8,when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard,9 a growthteam and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed.By looking at engineering issues from amarke

5、ting point of view,it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasnt due to a quality issue.Mostcustomers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this 12 the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness byprominently 13 the premium version to users o

6、f the free version.14,upgrades skyrocketed,andrevenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth team to succeed,it needs to have a strong leader.It needssomeone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.Thisleader will 16 the target area,set clear goals

7、 and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals.The growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steeringthem clear of distractions.19 attractive new ideas can be distracting,the team leader mustrecognize when these ideas dont 20 the current goal and need to be p

8、ut on the back burner.1.A.purchaseB.profitC.connectionD.bet2.A.defineB.predictC.prioritizeD.appreciate3.A.exclusivelyB.temporarilyC.potentiallyD.initially4.A.experimentB.proposalC.debateD.example5.A.identicalB.marginalC.provisionalD.traditional6.A.rumorB.secretC.mythD.problem7.A.despiteB.unlikeC.thr

9、oughD.beside8.A.moreoverB.howeverC.thereforeD.again9.A.inspectedB.createdC.expandedD.reformed10.A.culturalB.objectiveC.freshD.personal2023 英语二真题和答案 2/1211.A.endB.burdenC.lackD.decrease12.A.policyB.suggestionC.purposeD.insight13.A.contributingB.allocatingC.promotingD.transferring14.A.As a resultB.At

10、any rateC.By the wayD.In as sense15.A.uniteB.financeC.followD.choose16.A.shareB.indentifyC.divideD.broaden17.A.announcement B.assessmentC.adjustmentD.accomplishment18.A.famousB.responsibleC.availableD.respectable19.A.BeforeB.OnceC.WhileD.Unless20.A.serveB.limitC.summarizeD.alterSection IIReading Com

11、prehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,Cor D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1In the quest for the perfect lawn,homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut andit is the environment that is paying the pri

12、ce.About eight million square meters of plastic grass issold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The ChelseaFlower Show has banned fake grass from this years event,declaring it to be not part of its ethos.The Royal Horticultural Society(RHS),which runs the annual

13、 show in west London,says it hasintroduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne,of the RHS.Said:”We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fakegrass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic.We recommend using real gr

14、assbecause of its environmental benefits,which include supporting wildlife,alleviating flooding andcooling the environment.”The RHSs decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fakegrass causes.A Twitter account,which claims to“cut through the green wash”of artificial grass,

15、already has more than 20,000 followers.It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions,onecalling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an“ecological damage”tax onsuch lawns.They have gathered 7,276 and 11,282 signatures.However,supporters of fake grass point out that

16、 there is also an environmental impact withnatural lawns,which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol.Theindustry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water,weed killer orother treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden

17、 more.The industryalso claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of$500 on trees or shrubs for theirgarden,which provides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns,which gathered 30,0002023 英语二真题和答案 3/12signatures,the government responded tha

18、t it has“no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”It added:“We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather thanlegislating on such matters.However,the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal andpolicy safeguard in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustai

19、nable drainage,while measures,such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities tostrengthen sustainable alternatives.”21.The RHS thinks that plastic grass.A.is harmful to the environmentB.is a hot topic in gardening circlesC.is overpraised in the annual showD.i

20、s ruining the view of west London22.The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the campaigners_.A.disappointment with the RHSB.resistance to fake grass useC.anger over the proposed taxD.concern about real grass supply23.In Paragraph 4,supporters of take grass point out_.A.the necessity to lower t

21、he costs of fake grassB.the disadvantages of growing real grassC.the way to take care of artificial lawnsD.the challenges of insect habitat protection24.What should the government do with regard to artificial grass?A.Urge legislation to restrict its use.B.Take measures to guarantees its qualityC.Rem

22、ind its users to obey existing rulesD.Replay it with sustainable alternatives25.It can be learned from the text take fake grass_.A.is being improved continuouslyB.has seen a market share declineC.is becoming increasingly affordableD.has been a controversial productText 2Its easy to dismiss as absurd

23、 the federal governments ideas for plugging the chronic fundinggap of our national parks.Can anyone really think its a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries toyour tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?But the administration is right about one thi

24、ng:U.S.national parks are in crisis.Collectively,they have a maintenance backlog of more than$12 billion.Roads,trails,restrooms,visitor centersand other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be the panacea that the2023 英语二真题和答案 4/12Interior Depart

25、ments Outdoor Advisory Committee would have us believe.Campgrounds are atiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog,and concessionaires in the parks hand over,onaverage,only about 5%of their revenues to the National Park ServiceMoreover,increased privatization would certainly undercut one of

26、the major reasons why 300million visitors come to the parks each year:to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercialdrumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding.We conducted acomprehensive survey examining how U.S.residents vi

27、ew their national parks,and we found thatAmericans place a very high value on them-whether or not they actually visit them.Thepeer-reviewed economic survey of 700 U.S.taxpayers,conducted by mail and internet,also foundthat people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the

28、 parks and theirprograms are kept intact.Some 81%of respondents said they would be willing to pay additionaltaxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S.residents both as places to escape and assymbols of nature.On top of this,they

29、 produce value from their extensive educational programs,their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration,their contribution to our culturaland artistic life and of course through tourism.The parks also help keep Americas past alive,working with thousands of local jurisdictions arou

30、nd the country to protect historical sites includingEllis Island and Gettysburg and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring.Congress allocates only$3 billion a year to the nationalpark system-an amount that has been flat since 2001(in inflation-adjusted dol

31、lars)with theexception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package.Meanwhile,thenumber of annual visitors has increased by more than 50%since 1980,and now stands at330million visitors per year.26.What problem are U.S.national parks faced with?A.Decline of business profitsB.Inade

32、quate commercializationC.Lack of transportation servicesD.Poorly maintained infrastructure27.Increased privatization of the campground may_.A.spoil visitor experienceB.help preserve natureC.bring operational pressureD.boost visits to parks28.According to Paragraph 5,most respondents in the survey wo

33、uld_.A.go to the national parks on a regular basisB.advocate a bigger budget for the national parks2023 英语二真题和答案 5/12C.agree to pay extra for the national parksD.support the national parks recent reforms29.The national parks are valuable in that they_.A.lead the way in tourismB.have historical signi

34、ficanceC.sponsor research on climateD.provide an income for the locals30.It can be concluded from the text that the national park system_.A.is able to cope with staff shortagesB.is able to meet visitor demandsC.is in need of a new pricing policyD.is in need of a funding increaseText 3The Internet ma

35、y be changing merely what we remember,not our capacity to do so,suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow.In 2011,Sparrow led a studyin which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer(“an ostrichs eye is biggerthan its brain,”for example).Half of the participa

36、nts were told the information would be erased,while the other half were told it would be saved.Guess what?The latter group made no effort torecall the information when quizzed on it later because they knew they could find it on theircomputers.In the same study,a group was asked to remember both the

37、information and thefolders it was stored in.They didnt remember the information,but they remembered how to findthe folders.In other words,human memory is not deteriorating but“adapting to newcommunications technology,”Sparrow says.In a very practical way,the Internet is becoming an external hard dri

38、ve for our memories,aprocess known as“cognitive offloading.”Traditionally,this role was fulfilled by data banks libraries,and other humans.Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does,forinstance.Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society,but Sparrow sees anu

39、pside.Perhaps,she suggests,the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus onindividual facts and memorization to anemphasis on more conceptualthinking-something that is not available on the Internet.“I personally have never seen all thatability to do it.Still other experts say its too s

40、oon to understand how the Internet affects our brains.There isno experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus,for instance,wrotepsychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons.And surfing the web exercised the brainmore than reading did among computer-savvy older ad

41、ults in a 2008 study involving 24participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscieuce and Human Behavior at the University of2023 英语二真题和答案 6/12California,Los Angeles.“There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Intemet,but Id have toimagine that overall the benefits are going to

42、 outweigh those costs,”observes psychologyprofessor Benjamin Storm.“It seems pretty clear that memory is changing,but is it changing for thebetter?At this point,we dont know.”31.Sparrows study shows that with the Internet,the human brain will_.A.analyze information in detailB.collect information eff

43、icientlyC.switch its focus of memoryD.extend its memory duration32.The process of“cognitive offloading”_.A.helps us identify false informationB.keeps our memory from failingC.enables us to classify trivial factsD.lessens our memory burdens33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Int

44、ernet?A.It may reform our learning approachB.It may impact our society negativelyC.It may enhance our adaptability to technologyD.It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34.It is indicated in Para 3 that how the Internet affects our brains _.A.requires further academic researchB.is most studies

45、 in older adultsC.is reflected in our reading speedD.depends on our web-surfing habits35.Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that _.A.our reliance on the Internet will be costlyB.the Internet is weakening our memoryC.memory exercise is a must for our brainsD.our ability to focus declines with ageT

46、ext 4Teenagers are paradoxical.Thats a mild and detached way of saying something thatparents often express with considerably stronger language.But the paradox is scientific as well aspersonal.In adolescence,helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for justabout everything become

47、independent people who can take care of themselves and help eachother.At the same time,once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenagerisk-takers.A new study published in the journal Child Development,by Eveline Crone of the University2023 英语二真题和答案 7/12of Leiden and colleagues,suggest

48、s that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand inhand.The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence.For a longtime,scientistsand policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to besolved.The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a tim

49、e of opportunity as well as risk.The researchers studied“prosocial”and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and youngadults,ranging from 11 to 28 years old.The participants filled out questionnaires about how oftenthey did things that were altruistic and positive,like sacrificing their own in

50、terests to help a friend,or rebellious and negative,like getting drunk or staying out late.Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager andthen fades away as you grow older.But the new study shows that,interestingly,the same patternholds for prosocial behavior