2021年全国甲卷 02 阅读理解D--高考真题全方位解析+二次开发 (教师版).docx

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1、阅读理解D高考真题全方位解析+二次开发(教师版)2021年全国甲卷体裁议论文梗概本篇文章主要探讨了天才的标准在过去和当代的不同及影响因素。我们要用发展的眼光看待天才标准。结构Para.1&2: 以问题引出主题天才的判断标准。Para.3: 指出之前对天才的判断标准是不公平的。Para.4: 以一项研究为例,说明不公平的标准对女性的不良影响。Para.5: 随着世界的不断发展,对天才的评判标准开始变得多样化。 Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries. n.天才 Lets state

2、 clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that 超越，胜出some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts,

3、 those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. 32Its said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club women, or peopl

4、e of a different color or belief they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.adj.不被承认的 v.拒绝题干32. What does the author think of victors standards for joining the genius club?解题步骤Step 1：在题干中划出定位词。选多个词定位，以防一个词无法定位。Step 2：到文章里找出题干中的定位词。Step 3：通过定位词 (1-2个) 寻找答案指向句。Step 4：选择答案。解题思路定位标志的选择原则1) 明显定位标志：大

5、写字母；数字；敏感词(序数词，最高级，唯一性only, unique)。2) 核心概念定位：优先选择名词，最好所有名词都找到；其次形容词和副词，最后是动词。3) 定位词的同义替换。定位根据题干关键词victors, standards for joining the genius club，可以将答案定位到第三段。其中题干joining对应原文admission to。选项A. Theyre unfair.根据第三段第三第四句，可以推断出作者认为胜利者的标准是不公平的, 故选项A正确。B. Theyre conservative.此选项内容文章没有提及。无中生有。C. Theyre objec

6、tive.根据第三段第三第四句，可以推断出作者认为胜利者的标准是不公平的，不是客观的。此选项错误，曲解原文。D. Theyre strict.此选项内容文章没有提及。无中生有。答案指向句翻译32据说历史是由胜利者书写的, 而这些胜利者为天才俱乐部设定了准入标准。当俱乐部外的天才女性、不同肤色或信仰的人做出贡献时，他们得不到认可,也会被其他人拒绝。33A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of

7、 their 33C gender(性别)are really, really 33A smart. Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are really, really 33A smart. Can our planet afford to have any 33B great thinkers become discouraged and give up? I

8、t doesnt take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.adj.泄气的,心灰意冷的 adv.绝对地题干33. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?解题步骤Step 1：在题干中划出定位词。选多个词定位，以防一个词无法定位。Step 2：到文章里找出题干中的定位词。Step 3：通过定位词 (1-2个) 寻找答案指向句。Step 4：选择答案。解题思路根据题干girls from the study in Science定位到第四段。定位根据题干girls fr

9、om the study in Science定位到第四段。选项A. They think themselves 33smart.此选项利用第四段前两句出现的“smart”设置干扰，考生不要看到原文原词就匆忙选定。根据前两句可知从6岁起，女孩比男孩更不可能说同性别的人“真的、真的很聪明”，更糟糕的发现是女孩们坚信这一点：六岁左右，她们开始避免做那些被认为“非常非常聪明”的孩子们的活动。此选项错误，曲解原文。B. They look up to 33great thinkers.此选项利用第四段倒数第二句出现的“great thinkers”设置干扰，考生不要看到原文原词就匆忙选定。B选项属于编

10、造细节。C. They see 33gender differences earlier than boys.此选项利用第四段倒数第一句出现的“gender”设置干扰，考生不要看到原文原词就匆忙选定。C选项属于编造细节。D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.根据文章第四段前三句可推知女孩有可能被社会错误信念所影响，故选项D正确。答案指向句翻译33科学杂志最近发表的一项研究发现，从6岁起，女孩比男孩更不可能说同性别的人“真的、真的很聪明”，更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们的行为都是基于这样的信念：在六岁左右，她们开始避免从事那些所谓

11、“非常聪明”的孩子们的活动。 Heres the good news. 34In a wired world with constant global communication, were all adj.有线的,联网的34D positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that 34Dsocial factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearan

12、ce of n.种族 n.等级，阶级genius. 35As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with 35C intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good 35D fortune, who are able to change the world.n运气 题干34. Why are more geniuses known to the public?解题步骤Step 1：在题干中划出定位词。选多个词定位，以防一个词无法定位。Step 2：到文章里找出题干中的

13、定位词。Step 3：通过定位词 (1-2个) 寻找答案指向句。Step 4：选择答案。解题思路根据题干关键词more geniuses known to the public可以将答案定位到第五段(最后一段)。其中题干more geniuses对应原文flashes of genius，题干known to the public对应原文to see wherever they appear。定位根据题干关键词more geniuses known to the public可以将答案定位到第五段(最后一段)。其中题干more geniuses对应原文flashes of genius，题干k

14、nown to the public对应原文中 to see wherever they appear。选项A. Improved global communication.根据第五段第二句可知，更多的天才被公众所知道的原因在于改善的全球通信，故选项A正确。B. Less discrimination against women.此选项内容文章没有提及。无中生有。C. Acceptance of victors concepts.此选项内容文章没有提及。无中生有。D. Changes in peoples 34social positions.此选项利用第五段第二句和第三句出现的“positi

15、oned” “social,”设置干扰，考生不要看到原文原词就匆忙选定。D选项属于编造细节。答案指向句翻译34在一个全球互联世界里，我们都能看到天才的出现，无论它们出现在哪里。题干35. What is the best title for the text?解题步骤Step 1：通过分析篇章结构，找出每一段的主题句。Step 2：通过每一段的主题句，归纳总结文章主旨，然后与各选项对照。Step 3：确定与文章主旨大意相符的选项。Step 4：选择答案。解题思路文章的主旨通过主题句体现，文章标题题关键是找准主题句。主题句通常位于：1) 段首。在议论文和说明文中，段落的第一句往往是主题句所在，它

16、往往概括了文章的主要内容和信息。2) 段尾。先摆事实，后作结论。3) 段落中间。从文章细节开始，发展到结论。又进一步用细节支持说明。4) 无明显主题句。做此类题要抓住对细节描述，综合分析，然后归纳出文章主题。5) 在表达转折的but，however等词后。确定文章标题三出现原则：1) 关键词（主题句出现最多的词）一定要出现2) 细节内容不能出现3) 新内容不能出现定位文章标题题，是对文章主旨的高度概括。考查点在于让学生通过归纳总结，选出适合的文章的题目。此题可以通过总结各段段落大意得出文章标题。选项A. Geniuses Think Alike天才的想法相同偏离文章主题B. Genius Ta

17、kes Many Forms根据文章的最后一句As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with intelligence, creativity, perseverance（毅力）, and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”纵观全文可知，天才需要多样性，故选项B正确。C. Genius and 35Intelligence天才和智力此选项利用第五段最后一句出现“intelligence”设置干扰，考生不要看到原文原词就匆忙选定。C选项属于偏离文章主题。D.

18、Genius and 35Luck天才和运气此选项利用第五段第最后一句出现的 “fortune”设置干扰，考生不要看到原文原词就匆忙选定。D选项属于偏离文章主题。答案指向句翻译35正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力和毅力”的人和简单的好运，那些能改变世界的人。拓展练习一、词汇积累1. genius 词性n.词义天才, 天赋, 天资2. conservative 词性adj.词义保守的3. admission 词性n.词义承认,允许进入,入场费4. discouraged 词性adj.词义灰心丧气的二、核心词汇（或短语）的同义替换1. unacknowledged = una

19、cceptable2. reject = refuse三、词形变化（派生词）1. symbol n. 象征 symbolize v. 象征 2. intelligent adj. 聪明的, 有智力的, 智能的 intelligence n. 智力, 才能 3. create v. 创造 creative adj. 有创造力的 creativity n. 创新, 创造力4. fortune n. 运气 fortunate adj. 幸运的 fortunately adv. 幸运地四、一词多义（请根据句意猜测划线词的词义）race 5 / 51. a We must race against ti

20、me. 2. b They all put a bet on the race.3. c Everyone is treated equally, regardless of race.4. d Her heart was racing with excitement.a. 赛跑b. 竞赛，比赛c. 种族d. (因害怕兴奋而)急速跳动appear1. c His first novel appeared in 1960. 2. b He was asked to appear in court.3. a He appeared at last.4. d These math problems

21、appear simple.a. 出现b. 出庭(作证或受审) c. 出版d. 似乎，看起来五、作文素材积累And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors（因素）like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.【赏析】the+adj./adv.比较级+句子, the+adj./adv.比较级+句子 越.越. 【译文】我们看到的越多，我们就越会看到社会因素，如性别、种族和阶级，并不能决定天才的出现。【仿写】你越努力,就会越幸运。The harder you work, the luckier you will be.