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1、专题11 阅读理解记叙文、新闻报道（原卷版）全国各地历年高考真题全收录一、 2023年高考真题（一） 2023新高考全国卷BWhen John Todd was a child he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When

2、 he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fis

3、h can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First,

4、 he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ec

5、osystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He deve

6、loped a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the

7、 inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A. He was fond of traveling.B. He enjoyed being alone.C. He had an inquiring m

8、ind.D. He longed to be a doctor.5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A. To feed the animals.B. To build an ecosystem.C. To protect the plants.D. To test the eco-machine.6. What is the authors purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A. To review Johns research plans.B. To show an application of Johns i

9、dea.C. To compare Johns different jobs.D. To erase doubts about Johns invention.7. What is the basis for Johns work?A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water to survive.C. Life on Earth is diverse.D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.（二） 2023新高考全国卷BBTurning soil, pulling weeds, and harves

10、ting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and heal

11、thy lifestyles. Jaramillos students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables

12、 are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissec

13、tion, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say the

14、y went home and talked to their parents and now theyre eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the programs benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to h

15、ave a calming effect on Jaramillos special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?A. She used to be a health worker.B. She grew up in a low-income family.C. She owns a fast food

16、restaurant.D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?A. The kids parents distrusted her.B. Students had little time for her classes.C. Some kids disliked garden work.D. There was no space for school gardens.6. Which of the following be

17、st describes the impact of the program?A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.C. Short-lived.D. Unidentifiable.7. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Rescuing School GardensB. Experiencing Country LifeC. Growing Vegetable LoversD. Changing Local Landscape（三） 2023全国甲卷BBTerri Boltonis a dab hand when

18、 it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during h

19、er school holidays. A days work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: “Im sure I wasnt much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”Terri, who now rents a

20、bhouse with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “Ive moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, its been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint

21、 a room to avoid any charges when Ive moved out.”With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around

22、823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.4. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?A. An a

23、rtist.B. A winner.C. A specialist.D. A pioneer.5. Why did Terris grandfather give her 5 a day?A. For a birthday gift.B. As a treat for her work.C. To support her DIY projects.D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.6. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?A. By making it look

24、 like before.B. By furmishing it herself.C. By splitting the rent with a roommate.D. By cancelling the rental agreement.7. What trend in DIY does the research show?A. It is becoming more costly.B. It is getting more time-consuming.C. It is turning into a seasonal industry.D. It is gaining popularity

25、 among females.（四） 2023全国乙卷BBLiving in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I

26、 find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.Being

27、at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minu

28、tes before the best moment.One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devils Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look o

29、ver the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up

30、 in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.4. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest?A. By teaming up with

31、other photographers.B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.C. By studying the geographical conditions.D. By creating settings in the corn fields.5. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author?A. Proper time management.B. Good shooting techniques.C. Adventuro

32、us spirit.D. Distinctive styles.6. What can we infer from the authors trip with friends to Devils Lake?A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.D. They had problems with their equipment.7.

33、How does the author find his photos taken at Devils Lake?A. Amusing.B. Satisfying.C. Encouraging.D. Comforting.（五） 2023年2月四省联考BAs a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place. Her passion to help others was awakened when, from th

34、e age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children. Toumi witnessed first-hand the destructive effect of desertification. “Within 10 years rich farmers became worse off, and i

35、n 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks.” A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts (干旱) have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisias agricultural lands being threatened by desertification.Toumi recognized that farmi

36、ng practices needed to change. She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable crops, using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilizers (肥料) rather than chemicals.In 2012, Toumi consolidated

37、 her dream to fight the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action. “I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of d

38、esertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.”By September 2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tuni

39、sias farmland. She expects to plant 1 million trees by 2018. In the next couple of years, Toumi hopes to extend the programme to Algeria and Morocco.4. How did Toumis holiday trips to Tunisia influence her?A. They made her decide to leave the country.B. They helped her better understand her father.C

40、. They fired her enthusiasm for helping others.D. They destroyed her dream of being a teacher.5. What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisias farmland?A. Low rainfall.B. Soil pollution.C. Cold weather.D. Forest damage.6. Why did Toumi set up Acacias for All in Tunisia?A. To create job o

41、pportunities for young people.B. To help the children obtain a basic education.C. To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers.D. To facilitate the protection of their farmland.7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Saving Water in TunisiaB. Planting Trees of Native Specie

42、sC. Holding back the SaharaD. Fighting Poverty in North Africa（六） 2023年1月浙江卷BLive with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if youre looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I sta

43、rted switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. Ive learned a few things along the way though, which I hope youll find encouraging if youre doing your best to figu

44、re out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later,

45、I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on re

46、moving things I didnt need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household wont entirely make the switch

47、, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what youre doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals

48、 who are not on board, your words probably wont do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action.24. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?A. Share an apartment with you.B. Join you in what youre doing.C. Transform your way of living.D. Help you to make the decision.25. What was the attitude of the authors father toward buying groceries with jars?A. He disapproved of it.B. He was favorable to it.C. He was tolerant of it.D. He didnt care about it.26. What can we infer