2020年新高考Ⅱ卷 02阅读理解C--高考真题全方位解析+二次开发 (教师版).docx
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1、阅读理解C-高考真题全方位解析+二次开发 (教师版)2020新高考卷体裁应用文梗概本篇文章是请原谅设计:理解失败一书的书评。结构Para.1: 借金门大桥1987年事故引出“工程设计”主题。Para.2: 简介请原谅设计:理解失败一书内容及作者。Para.3-4: 介绍书中关于工程失败原因及工程师公众责任的探讨。Para.5: 借书中作者的话点明主旨:失败才能带来进步。 28In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to 金门大桥 adj. 关闭的 motor traf
2、fic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to n. 车辆 vt. 预计show up. Instead, as many as 800,000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on 出现,到场 adv. 相反the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible: the roadway was flattening under what
3、turned out n. 工程师 vi. 变平 vt. 使变平to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway (晃动). The vt. 承载authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to n. 官方,当局 返回至land. A disaster was avoided.n. 灾难 vt. 避免题干28. What happ
4、ened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?解题步骤Step 1:在题干中划出定位词。选多个词定位,以防一个词无法定位。Step 2:到文章里找出题干中的定位词。Step 3:通过定位词 (1-2个) 寻找答案指向句。Step 4:选择答案。解题思路定位标志的选择原则1) 明显定位标志:大写字母;数字;敏感词 (序数词,最高级,唯一性only, unique)。2) 核心概念定位:优先选择名词,最好所有名词都找到;其次形容词和副词,最后是动词。3) 定位词的同义替换。定位根据题干关键词Golden Gate Bridge, 50th
5、birthday, happen以及出题顺序与原文顺序基本一致的原则,可以将答案定位到第一段。选项A. It carried more weight than it could.根据分析答案指向句第一段第一句第五句得出正确答案。故选项A正确。B. It swayed violently in a strong wind.第一段第六句仅提到“桥开始晃动起来”,并未提及它在强风中强烈摇晃。选项B编造细节。C. Its roadway was damaged by vehicles.无中生有。原文未提及。D. Its access was blocked by many people.无中生有。原文
6、未提及。答案指向句翻译281987年5月,金门大桥举行了50岁生日派对。这座桥禁止机动车辆通行,以便人们可以在桥上漫步。当25万人在桥上时,工程师们注意到一些可怕的事情: 在沉重的负荷之下,桥面变得平坦,这一负荷最终被证明是这座大桥有史以来被要求承载过的最大负荷。 The story is one of stories in To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure, a book that is at vt. 原谅 n. 失败 once a love letter to engineering and a paean (赞歌) to its break
7、downs. Its author, Dr. Henry 情书 n. 工程(学) n. 失败 n. 作者Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space vt. 包含;把列为一部分/算入shuttles (航天飞机) Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic. vi. 沉没 29Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fai
8、l because the person who vt. 承认 n. 作品,著作;工作成果thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his think up构想 vt. 设计;建造;策划 adv. 仅仅view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a vt. 考虑,思考 vt. 背景,环境;上下文,语境 v
9、i. 发生 n. 设备good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design vt. 建造;建造 n. 质量 不宜应用的works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, vt. 采用,采纳 adv. 在别处,去别处 adv. 似乎 adj. 无害的 n. 改良,改进until, suddenly, it does not w
10、ork at all anymore.notany more不再题干29. Which of the following is Dr. Petroskis idea according to paragraph 3?解题步骤Step 1:在题干中划出定位词。选多个词定位,以防一个词无法定位。Step 2:到文章里找出题干中的定位词。Step 3:通过定位词 (1-2个) 寻找答案指向句。Step 4:选择答案。解题思路定位标志的选择原则1) 明显定位标志:大写字母;数字;敏感词 (序数词,最高级,唯一性only, unique)。2) 核心概念定位:优先选择名词,最好所有名词都找到;其次形容词
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