2022年新高考Ⅱ卷 05 语法填空--高考真题全方位解析+二次开发（教师版）.pdf

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1、 1/5 语法填空高考冲刺学习单(教师版)2022 年新高考卷 体裁 记叙文 梗概 本篇文章主要报道了亨利救了从六楼公寓的阳台上下落的小孩埃里克的事迹。结构 Para.1：综述亨利救孩子的事迹。Para.2：描述坠落男孩的情况。Para.3：描述男孩坠落前家里的情况。Para.4：描述男孩坠落的原因及坠落时的情形。Para.5：描述男孩坠落时，亨利去救他。Para.6：描述男孩母亲对亨利表达感谢。考点 分布 第 56、58、59、60、62、63、64 题有提示词（7 个），第 57、61、65 题无提示词（3 个）。解题 步骤 Step 1：浏览全文，理解大意。Step 2：分析考查题目所在

2、句的句子成分，确定空格处应该填入的词性。Step 3：结合考查题目给出的信息是有提示词还是无提示词解题。Step 4：先易后难，逐个突破。Step 5：复盘检查，修正错误。解题 思路 无提示词考虑填：冠、连（从句引导词/并列连词）、介、副词、助动词。1)如果空格后面是句子，则考查关系词和连词 2)如果空格后面是短语，则考查介词 3)句子和短语的根本区别：是否有谓语、时态 有提示词，给出的提示词分别为动词、形容词/副词、名词、代词 1)确定句子“主谓宾”，2)借助上下文，确定需要填的单词的词性、形式和功能。句子 成分 主 谓 系 宾 表 定 状 补 Henry Tyler made the ca

3、tch of the year on the weekend.When he saw a young child hanging n.接住接住 v.悬挂悬挂 from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台),Henry ran one hundred metres,jumped over a n.公寓公寓 1.2-metre fence,and held out his arms to catch the 56._(fall)child.n.栅栏栅栏 v.接住接住 Eric Brown,only three years old,knocked Henry dow

4、n when he fell.The boy is in the hospital fall-fell-fallen v.掉落掉落 and doctors say hell be OK.57._Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.On the day of the accident,Mrs.Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.They both fell 58._ (sleep)while watching TV.Eric woke up

5、a little later when he heard children playing outside.He pushed a chair onto the wake-woke-woken v.醒来醒来 hear sb.doing sth.听到某人正在做某事听到某人正在做某事 balcony,and climbed up 59._(see)them.When he looked down,he 60._(accidental)slipped and fell over the edge.He hung on for a few minutes 61._screamed for his fa

6、ther,but hang-hung-hung v.悬挂悬挂 v.高喊；大声叫高喊；大声叫 2/5 his father didnt hear him.Henry 62._(fix)his car when he heard the screams.He looked up and saw Eric hanging be doing.when 某人正在做某事，突然某人正在做某事，突然.n.尖叫声尖叫声 from the balcony.He quickly 63._(throw)his tools aside,and started running,arms out.n.工具工具 伸出胳膊伸出

7、胳膊“He saved my 64._(son)life,”said Mrs.Brown.“I dont know 65._to thank him.”“I just didnt want the boy to be hurt,”said Henry.adj.受伤的受伤的 答案解析 Henry ran one hundred metres,jumped over a 1.2-metre fence,and held out his arms to catch the 56._(fall)child.Henry ran one hundred metres,jumped over a 1.2-m

8、etre fence,and held out his arms to catch the falling child.答案 56.falling 考查非谓语动词-现在分词。思路 当句中已有谓语动词，挖空处前面又没有并列连词，所给的提示词是动词时，挖空处要填非谓语动词。要根据非谓语动词的用法确定其具体形式（to do,doing,done）。解析 根据本句谓语动词为 hold out，挖空处为非谓动，与逻辑主语 child 为主动关系，现在分词表主动，且作定语表示“正在下落的”，用 falling。57._ Brown family live in an apartment building

9、outside Toronto.On the day of the accident,Mrs.Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.They both fell 58._(sleep)while watching TV.The Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.On the day of the accident,Mrs.Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.They

10、both fell asleep while watching TV.答案 57.The 考查冠词-定冠词。思路 当挖空处设在没有限定词的名词前，特别是单数可数名词前，通常填冠词。也有可能要求填不定代词 some/any/other/another 等。解析 本题是固定搭配，姓氏前面+定冠词 the 表示“某某夫妇”或“某某一家人”。Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside.He pushed a chair onto the balcony,and climbed up 59._(see)them.W

11、hen he looked down,he 60._(accidental)答案 58.asleep 考查介词短语搭配 思路 分析句子成分，如果空格后面是名词短语、动名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，则填介词。解析 根据动词与介词的搭配。fall asleep“入睡”。3/5 slipped and fell over the edge.He hung on for a few minutes 61._ screamed for his father,but his father didnt hear him.Eric woke up a little later when he

12、heard children playing outside.He pushed a chair onto the balcony,and climbed up to see them.When he looked down,he accidentally slipped and fell over the edge.He hung on for a few minutes and screamed for his father,but his father didnt hear him.答案 59.to see 考查非谓语动词-动词不定式 思路 当句中已有谓语动词，挖空处前面又没有并列连词，

13、所给的提示词是动词时，挖空处要填非谓语动词。要根据非谓语动词的用法确定其具体形式（to do,doing,done）。解析 根据分析句子成分可知，需要用动词不定式作目的状语，整句句意翻译“为了去看他们”。答案 60.accidentally 考查词类转换-形容词转换副词 思路 当空格处所需词类与提示词类不同时，需要词类转换。解析 空后 slip 为动词，需要用副词修饰动词。答案 61.and 考查连词-并列连词 思路 若并列的两个或多个单词、短语或句子之间没有连接词，可根据前后部分是并列关系（and）、选择关系（or）还是转折关系（but），填恰当的并列连词。解析 用 and 来连接和两个动作

14、，表示并列关系。根据挖空处后的 screamed 进行延伸对比，前面还有hung，可知这两个动作并列，用 and 进行连接。Henry 62._(fix)his car when he heard the screams.He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.He quickly 63._(throw)his tools aside,and started running,arms out.Henry was fixing his car when he heard the screams.He looked up and saw

15、 Eric hanging from the balcony.He quickly threw his tools aside,and started running,arms out.答案 62.was fixing 考查谓语时态-过去进行时 思路 当句子中缺少谓语动词时，给出提示动词就是谓语动词，要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个方面。解析 根据主语 Henry 为人作主语，需要用主动语态，又因为整句话无谓语动词，后面有 when 引导的时间状语从句，所以挖空处需要用谓语动词的过去进行时态。答案 63.threw 考查谓语时态-过去时+and 表并列逻辑 思路 当句子中缺少谓语动词时，

16、给出提示动词就是谓语动词，要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个方面。解析 根据主语 He 为人作主语，需要用主动语态，又因为后面有连词 and 连接前后两个谓语动词，后面的谓语动词用的过去时态，所以挖空处也需要用谓语动词的过去时态。“He saved my 64._(son)life,”said Mrs.Brown.“I dont know 65._ to thank him.”4/5“He saved my sons life,”said Mrs.Brown.“I dont know how to thank him.”答案 64.sons 考查名词所有格 思路 当空格处所需词类与提示词类

17、不同时，需要词类转换。解析 根据句意，life 与提示词 son 之间是所属关系，用 sons。答案 65.how 考查宾语从句 思路 当在一个句号之中，空格处前后都是句子，且这两个句子之间没有关联词时，填从句连词或并列连词。根据这几个句子之间逻辑关系决定所填的连词。解析 再结合句意可知，此处表示“如何”。分析句子结构可知,此处缺特殊疑问词+to do 结构作宾语。根据句意可知,how“如何”符合语境。语法填空考点自我检测卡 考点考查 题号 是否正确 原因分析 复数 所有格 64 名词 词性转化 时态 62；63 语态 谓语 主谓一致 to do 59 doing 56 非谓语 done 动词

18、 词性转换 比较级或最高级 形容词 词性转化 60 实词(有提示)代词1 格的转换 冠词 a,an,the 57 固定搭配 58 介词 习惯用法 并列连词 61 定语从句 主语从句 虚词(无提示)连词 从属连词 宾语从句 65 5/5 表语从句 同位语从句 状语从句 代词2 it 的用法 语境代词 不定代词 拓展练习 一、词汇积累 1.hang v.悬挂 2.scream v./n.大声喊叫/尖叫声 二、一词多义 1.save v.拯救；节省 After two days stuck in the snow,Nicholas was saved.在雪中困了两天后，尼古拉斯得救了。【2015北京

19、卷阅读理解】As busy people,we are always looking for ways to save time and make our lives easier.作为忙碌的人，我们总是在寻找节省时间的方法，让我们的生活更轻松。【2015安徽卷完形填空】三、词性变化 1.sleep v.睡 asleep adj.睡着的 sleepy adj.困倦的 2.accident n.意外 accidental adj.意外的 accidentally adv.意外地 3.throw v.扔 threw 过去式 thrown 过去分词 四、介词搭配 fall asleep 入睡 1.B

20、ut when its time for bed,you can hardly fall asleep.【2015重庆卷英译中】但是到了睡觉的时间，你却很难入睡。2.Melissa,his daughter,felt it more than worthwhile to save his music,to which she fell asleep each night when she was young.【2019江苏卷英译中】他的女儿梅丽莎觉得保存他的音乐是非常值得的，在她年轻的时候，她每晚都会听着他的音乐入睡。3.我如释重负，靠在一张椅子上睡着了。【2016天津卷中译英】Relived

21、,I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.五、翻译练习 When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony,Henry ran one hundred metres,jumped over a 1.2-metre fence,and held out his arms to catch the falling child.（英译汉）当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了 100 米，跳过了 1.2 米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。六、句子仿写 Henry was fixing his car when he heard the screams.【句式提取】某人正在做某事，突然.sb.be doing.when.【仿写练习】我正在街上走着，这时遇到了一位老朋友。I was walking along the street when I met an old friend.