【课件】Unit+1Discover+useful+structures+课件人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册+.pptx

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1、Unit 1 People of Achievement非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句The woman who is receiving the prize is Tu Youyou.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词 who,whom,which,that,whose,aswherewhen why关系词的作用：引导作用(引导定语从句)替代作用(替代先行词)在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用先行词在从句中所作成分关系代词人人主主who/that宾宾who/whom/that/省略定定whose(=of whom)物物主主that/which宾宾that/which/省略定定whose(=o

2、f which)先行词在从句中所作成分关系副词时间名词时间名词时间状语时间状语when 地点名词地点名词地点状语地点状语where reason原因状语原因状语why判断下列句子哪些是限制性定语从句，哪些是非限制性定语从句Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.Taobaoisawebsitewhereyouc

3、anbuywhatyouwantatagoodprice.限制性定语从句是限制性定语从句是_句，句，非限制性定语从句是非限制性定语从句是_句。句。限制性定从和非限制性定从的区分？限制性定从与其先行词关系密切，与其先行词关系密切，无逗号隔开，隔开，非限制性定从与其先行词关系不密切，与其先行词关系不密切，有逗号隔开。隔开。The number of people who/that own cars is increasing.I spoke to Dr.Smith just now,who is always ready to help others.一、形式不同二、意义不同限制性定从非限制性定从

4、1.I saw the guy who delivers my mail yesterday.2.Ill always remember the river where we learned to swim.1.Paris,where I spent six months studying,is the most beautiful city in the world.2.The woman,whose children are the same age as yours,invited us over for dinner next week.which guy?which river?若去

5、掉，句子含义若去掉，句子含义不明确不明确若去掉，若去掉，不影响不影响句句子含义子含义三、作用不同限制性定从的先行词一般是的先行词一般是名词或代词，非限制性定从的先行词既可以是的先行词既可以是名词或代词,也可是也可是整个句子。Mexico is a city,which has a lot of attractions.He was late again,which made the teacher very unhappy.which指指city which指指“He was late again”这个句子这个句子四、翻译不同限制性定从译成先行词的定语：“的”。非限制性定从通常译成主句的并列句

6、；(3)Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.(4)They rely on themselves,which is much better.(1)My sister who works in Shanghai sends me email almost every day.(2)He is the man whose car was stolen.Charles Smith 去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。他们依靠自己，这样好的多。他们依靠自己，这样好的多。我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给

7、我发电子邮件。我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。他就是汽车被窃的那个人。他就是汽车被窃的那个人。五、关系词不同限制性定从关代关代:that,which,who,whom,as关副关副:when,where,why=介词+which关形关形:whose=ofwhich,ofwhom_非限制性定从关代关代:that,which,who,whom,as关副关副:when,where,why=介词+which关形关形:whose=ofwhich,ofwhomforwhich(关系词在限制性定从中作宾语时可以省略，在非限制性定从中通常不省略。关系词在限制性定从中作宾语时可以省略，在非限制性定从

8、中通常不省略。)限制性定限制性定语从句从句非限制性定非限制性定语从句从句形式上形式上意意义上上作用上作用上翻翻译上上关系关系词无逗号有逗号去掉从句，主句意思不完整不明确去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整清楚修饰限定只修饰一个名词或代词补充说明可修饰一个词，也可修饰整个句子译为“的”常译成与主句并列的句子作宾语时可省略关系词一般不可省略不能用that,why引导Summaryasas引导的引导的非限制性定从定从1.as is known to all=as we all know 众所周知众所周知 2.as is said 正如所说的正如所说的 3.as you can see=as can be se

9、en 正如你所看见的正如你所看见的 4.as is reported 正如报道的正如报道的5.as is expected 正如预料的正如预料的 6.as is pointed out 正如指出的正如指出的 7.as a famous saying goes 正如一句谚语所说正如一句谚语所说/俗话说俗话说8.as is mentioned above 正如以上提到的正如以上提到的eg:As is known to us all,Zhong Nanshan is one of the greatest physicians in China.都可以引导都可以引导非限制性非限制性定语从句，修饰、指

10、代定语从句，修饰、指代整个主句整个主句。区别：区别：1.as 译为译为“正如正如一样一样”；which译为译为“这这”2.as 从句可置于从句可置于主句之前主句之前，which从句不可。从句不可。3.介词介词可以加可以加which引导从句，引导从句，as不可。不可。4.the sameas，suchas 结构中，结构中，as引导限制性定从。引导限制性定从。is reported,the pop star will come to Wenzhou next month.The pop star will come to Wenzhou next month,is reported.It was

11、the fourth time that he had got first prize,surprised all of us.He published so many books,some of are still popular.Look!He wears the same kind of shoes you do.Asaswhichwhichasas和和which引导引导非限制性定从的区别：定从的区别：正如大家所看到的那样，她工作一直很努力。正如大家所看到的那样，她工作一直很努力。She is always working hard，_ everyone can see.这本书很有教育意

12、义，是我昨天买的。这本书很有教育意义，是我昨天买的。The book，_ I bought yesterday,is very instructive.她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。_ everyone can see,she is honest.=She is honest，_ everyone can see.众所周知，吸烟有害健康。众所周知，吸烟有害健康。_ we all know，smoking is harmful to ones health.汤姆突然病倒了，这让我们很伤心。汤姆突然病倒了，这让我们很伤心。Tom suddenly fell ill，_ mad

13、e us very sad.aswhichAsasAswhichAs or Which1.Thefamousbasketballstar,_isanAmerican,cametoChinayesterday.2.Theyarealwayssmoking,_,ofcourse,willdoharmtotheirhealth.3.Iboughtacaryesterday,_costmealot.4.Xian,_Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.5.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,_hewontbesobusy.6.Theschool,_Ionces

14、tudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.whichwhichwhoFill in the blanks with proper relative words.whichwherewhen7.Thenumberofsmokers,_isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.8.Itisatrulydelightfulplace,_looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.9.Creatinganatmosphere

15、in_employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.10.Hewrotemanychildrensbooks,nearlyhalfof_werepublishedinthe1990s.11.Thebooksonthedesk,_coversareshiny,areprizesforus.as which which which whose1.The children,_ wanted to have a journey,were disappointed when the journey was cancelled.2.That they will get m

16、arried,_ has not been announced,has spread around.3.Well graduate in July,_ we will be free to go anywhere.4.He often comes to school late,_makes his teacher angry.whowhichwhen which Fill in the blanks with proper relative words.6.Mr King,_ legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.7.We wil

17、l put off the outing until next Sunday,_we wont be so busy.8.Yesterday,they went out to have a picnic in the park,_they had a good time.9.He has been busy with his work the whole holiday,_ has made his girlfriend unhappy.whosewhen/on which where/in which whichActivity 2:Write a few sentences about s

18、ome great people with the information given below.Use relative clauses.Song QinglingDr.SunYatsenswifeoneofthetopleadersinmodernChinesehistorydevotedherlifetoimprovingthewelfareofwomenandchildrenSong Qingling,whowasDr.SunYatsenswifeandoneofthetopleadersinmodernChinesehistory,devotedherlifetoimproving

19、thewelfareofwomenandchildren.ThefirstmantolandonthemooninJuly1969;“Thatsasmallstepfor(a)man,onegiantleapformankind.”CametoChinainWorldWarII;workedselflesslyinChinaasadoctorandsavedmanyChinesepeopleActivity 2:Write a few sentences about some great people with the information given below.Use relative

20、clauses.Neil ArmstrongNorman BethuneAleadingfigureofmodernChineseliterature;LuXunLiteraryPrizeoneofChinastopfourliteraryprizes,awardedeverythreeyearsAgirldressedasaman;wenttofightforhercountry;helpeddrivetheEnglishinvadersoutofFranceJoan of ArcLu XunNeil Armstrong,whowasfirstmantolandonthemooninJuly

21、1969,said“Thatsasmallstepfor(a)man,onegiantleapformankind.”ThefirstmantolandonthemooninJuly1969;“Thatsasmallstepfor(a)man,onegiantleapformankind.”Neil ArmstrongCametoChinainWorldWarII;workedselflesslyinChinaasadoctorandsavedmanyChinesepeopleNorman BethuneNorman Bethune,whocametoChinainWorldWarII,wor

22、kedselflesslyinChinaasadoctorandsavedmanyChinesepeople.AleadingfigureofmodernChineseliterature;LuXunLiteraryPrizeoneofChinastopfourliteraryprizes,awardedeverythreeyearsAgirldressedasaman;wenttofightforhercountry;helpeddrivetheEnglishinvadersoutofFranceJoan of ArcLu XunLu Xun wasaleadingfigureofmoder

23、nChineseliterature.LuXunLiteraryPrize,whichisoneofChinastopfourliteraryprizes,isawardedeverythreeyears.Joan of Arc,whowasagirldressedasaman,wenttofightforhercountry.ShehelpeddrivetheEnglishinvadersoutofFrance.Relative pronounsthat,which,who,whom,whose,asRelative adverbswhen,where,whyThese principles

24、 were inspired by Lincoln,_ he admired,and were developed when he was traveling overseas,_ he went to find support for his country.The first principle is about nationalism,_ indicates that China should never be divided and should not be under any foreign control.The second is about peoples rights It

25、 means that all people have great value and should also have the same rights.The third is about peoples livelihood _ means that the government should create opportunities for people to make a good living.whomwhomwherewherewhichwhichwhichwhichRevision-fill in the blanksRevision-fill in the blanksRela

26、tive pronounsthat,which,who,whom,whose,asRelative adverbswhen,where,why Sun Yat-sen(1866-1925)was widely considered to be the founder and forerunner of modern China.He was only in power for a short time,when he was president of the country in 1912.So it may seem odd to some people _ knowledge of Chi

27、na may be limited that he is such an important figure.However,his influence is not based on his time in office,but on his continuous struggle for a better society and his concern for all Chinese people.He also put forward many advanced ideas _ brought the Chinese people together in particular,the Th

28、ree Principles of the People.whosewhosethatthat高考真题链接1.(2022新 考 高 考 1卷)Giant pandas also serve _ anumbrellaspecies(物种),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies_livewithintheGiantPandaRangeands

29、ignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.asthat定语从句与定语从句与语法填空语法填空2.(2022全国甲卷)Onthe1,100kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,_losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.who3.(20221月浙江卷)KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology in Atlant

30、a,is one of a small but growing minority ofacademics _ are cutting back on their air travel because ofclimatechange.who/that4.（2021新高考卷）IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany_usedalotofplastic,Idsenditanemailurgingittocutback.which/that5.(2020新高考I卷山东)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,for example,_(

31、form)the core collection of the BritishMuseum_openedin1759.formedwhich/that定语从句与应用文定语从句与应用文写作写作Thistime,wedliketoconduct an interview with youabout“HowtolearnEnglishwell”onthisprogram,_1.(2022新高考1卷)这一次，我们想在6月10日下午6点到8点的节目中对您进行一次关于“如何学好英语”的采访。whichis scheduled to befrom6:00pmto8：00pmonJune10thItismyp

32、leasuretoinviteyoutoourEnglishshow“TalkandTalk”，whichwillbeheld/conductedat6amthisFriday.2.(2022新高考1卷)我很高兴邀请你参加我们的英语节目“TalkandTalk”，这将在周五早上6点进行。However,thecarhadleftthewolffarbehind,whichmadehimsighwithrelief.1.然而，汽车把狼远远甩在了后面，这让他松了一口气。She was carried downstairs and then rushed to the hospital,where she finally came to herself.2.她被抬到楼下，然后被送往医院，在那里她终于恢复了知觉。定语从句与读后续写定语从句与读后续写THANK YOUTHANK YOU