高中英语2024届高考复习语法知识讲解（共三大类）.doc

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1、高考英语语法知识讲解一、状态动词和动作动词（一）状态动词一般用来描述人或事物所处的状态，通常不用于进行时态。1.表示状态的be 动词。Suffering is the greatest teacher of life.苦难是人生最伟大的老师。2.感官动词， 如 feel, hear, smell, taste, look ,sound 等。注意：感官动词后应接形容词而非副词。The cloth feels soft.这布料摸起来很柔软。3.表示拥有和存在的动词（短语），如appear (显得）， belong to , contain, have, include, need, hold, o

2、wn, possess 等。The tour includes a visit to the Science Museum.这次游览包括参观科学博物馆。I am afraid he doesnt possess a sense of humor.恐怕他没有什么幽默感。4.表示思维活动的动词， 如 admit, agree, believe, mind, remember, suppose, think , understand, want 等。We must admit that homesickness is natural.我们必须承认思乡是正常的。5.表示情感的动词，如like, dis

3、like, hate, hope, care, love 等。John hopes to study law at Harvard.特别注意：1).有些状态动词也可以表示具体的动作。在此意义上，这些动词可以用于进行时态。She is having some tea.她正在喝茶。2).有些状态动词也可以用于进行时态，此时长与 always, constantly, continually, all the time 等连用，表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，或强调赞赏、厌恶、生气、好奇等感情色彩。She is always forgetting something.她总是忘事。（二）动作动词用于描述人

4、或物的具体动作，可用于一般时态和进行时态。延续性动词（短语）常用来表示可持续发生的具体动作，如 read, eat, stand, run, write, walk 等。非延续性动词（短语）常用来表示短暂的动作，如open, close, stop, end, finish, catch, happen, appear(出现），begin, rise, drop, fall, settle, go down, occur ,join 等。He opened the drawer of the desk.他拉开了桌子的抽屉。The football season finishes in May.

5、足球赛季在5月份结束。表示（状态）或位置移动的动词，如go, come, become, leave, get, turn, grow 等，用于进行时态时还可以表示即将发生的动作。It is becoming a pretty serious problem.这正在演变成一个十分严重的问题。对比：The train leaves at 8am.火车上午八点发车。 （按时刻表运行）The train is leaving.火车马上要离开了。（表将来）特别注意：有些动词可兼作状态动词和动作动词，但意思不同。She didnt appear at all surprised at the news.

6、她听到这消息时一点也没有显得吃惊。（状态动词，意为“显得”）Smoke appeared on the horizon.地平线上升起了烟雾。 （动作动词， 意为“出现”）习题：一 .翻译句子。杰克看上去很焦虑。这篇文章中含有一些有用的信息。二.在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。A funny thing _ (happen) in the office yesterday.He _ (run) towards the door at that moment.Mike _ (take) a shower now.三.根据汉语提示补全句子。Only 12 people _.(出席了会议）。The

7、species _( 正在消亡).(die out)Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten the seat belts.The plane _( 要起飞了）。【答案】一 .翻译句子。1.Jack looks very anxious.2.This article contains some useful information.二.在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.happened 2.was running 3.is taking 三.根据汉语提示补全句子。1.attended the meeting 2.is dying out 3.is taking

8、 off二、to ones + 情感名词在阅读中我们常会遇到含有to ones情感名词这一结构的句子，如：To my relief，my sons life was not in danger（令我感到宽慰的是，我儿子的生命没有危险。）这种结构表示由于某事的发生而刺激了我们的内心世界，由此唤起某种情感。汉语意思为令某人（喜、怒、哀、乐）的是或使某人感到。to ones surprise 让某人吃惊的是to ones embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是to ones amusement 令某人感到好笑的是to ones excitement 令某人激动的是to ones relief 让

9、某人宽慰的是to ones disappointment 让某人失望的是to ones amazement 让某人惊奇的是to ones joy/delight 让某人开心的是to ones sorrow 让某人伤心的是to ones satisfaction 让某人满意的是to ones credit 值得赞扬的是to ones astonishment 让某人吃惊的是to ones admiration 让人钦佩的是to ones annoyance 让人恼怒的是to ones despair 让人绝望的是to ones disgust 让人厌恶，反感的是to ones distress

10、distress (vt.使苦恼；使痛苦)to ones happinessto ones puzzlement 使某人感到困惑的是(puzzlement:n.迷惑；迷)to ones regret 使某人感到遗憾的是to ones shame 使某人感到惭愧的是to ones sorrow 使某人难过的是to ones horror 使某人感到恐惧的是这种结构在使用中有以下特点：1这种结构在句中的位置比较灵活，既可在句首，也可在句中或句末。在它的前后可用逗号与句子其他成分隔开，也可不用。To my surprise，his painting won the prize令我吃惊的是，他的画得了

11、奖。The captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly船长惊讶地意识到泰坦尼克号正在迅速下沉。He did the work to his managers satisfaction2在这种结构中，情感名词前常可以用great，deep等形容词修饰。例如：To my great joy，she said she would marry me她说她愿意和我结婚，这使我感到非常高兴。To my deep regret，Ican not accept your offer非常抱歉，我不能接受你的建议。这项工作

12、他做得使他的经理满意。3在此结构中介词to前面也可以用程度副词greatly或much来修饰。例如：Greatly to my disgustannoyance，he was late again令我极为反感恼怒的是，他又迟到了。Much to our regret，we are obliged to decline your kind invitation使我们感到非常遗憾的是，我们不得不谢绝你的盛情邀请。4这一结构还可以将两个情感名词并列使用。例如：To her joy and satisfaction，her daughter won the first prize in the spe

13、ech contest使她高兴和满意的是，她的女儿在演讲比赛中获得了头奖。To her great disappointment and vexation she failed in English examination again使她大为失望和极为苦恼的是，她英语考试又没及格。5遇到普通名词或专有名词，可以用它们的s所有格形式，也可用to the 情感名词of名词或代词的形式。例如：To everyones surprise，his mad plan succeeded令大家感到惊讶的是，他那狂妄的计划成功了。To the surprise of everybody，the beggar

14、took out a bag of gold使每个人都大吃一惊的是，那个乞丐取出一袋金子。三、动词不定式作宾语补足语1.动词不定式动词不定式由 to+动词原形构成I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.I: 主语asked: 谓语him：宾语to lend me twenty pounds 宾语补足语2.后面可接宾语补足语的动词：advise 建议 want 想要 order 命令 allow 允许help 帮助 teach 教授 prefer 更喜欢 wish 希望3.动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时，要省略to, 但在变被动语态的时候必须加上t

15、o (let除外），动词help后面的动词不定式可以带to，也可以不带toThe boss makes the workers work for a long time every day.老板让工人们每天工作很长时间。（变为被动语态：The workers are made to work for a long time every day by the boss.)My mom helps me (to) do my homework every night.我妈妈每晚帮助我做作业。使役动词 let, have, make感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice ,

16、 observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。I saw him dance.=He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.例题：Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning【答案】B.make后接不带t

17、o 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略练习：1.They knew her very well.They had seen her _ up from childhood.A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow2.The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not to make3.My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A.for me taki

18、ng B.me taking C.for me to take D.me to take4.The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A.causing B.being caused C.to be caused D.to have caused5.-Is Bob still performing？-Im afraid not.He is said _ the stage already as he has become an off

19、icial.A.to have left B.to leave C.to have been left D.to be left 6.The mother felt herself _ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.A.grow B.grown C.to grow D.to have grown7.Energy drinks are not allowed _ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.A.to make B.to be made C.to have been made D.to be making【答案】1.A 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 4