高考英语Book 1 Unit 5 导案.docx

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1、张钊高中词汇导学练Book 1 Unit 5 导案1. billion /bljn / n. 十亿How many billion people speak the UNs official languages as their native or second language?有几十亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二门语言？They have spent billions of dollars on the problem .他们花了几十亿美元解决这个问题。 2. native /netv/adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的n.本地人be native to.原产于Native E

2、nglishspeakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲不是同一种英语，他们也能彼此听懂。China is our native country, and Chinese is our native language.中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。Australians are proud of their native wildlife. 澳大利亚人为他们的野生动物感到骄傲。The panda is native to China

3、. 大熊猫产于中国。He is a native of Beijing.他是北京人。3. attitude /ttju:d/ n.态度；看法词根词缀：att-(在)+-itude(度量)：在上的度量态度，看法音意相通：爱踢球的 助记：爱踢球的对这场比赛都有自己的态度和看法。a positive /negative /firm attitude积极/消极/坚定的态度an attitude to /towards对 .的.态度What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreign language learning? 演讲者对外语学习的态度是什么？B

4、eauty is an attitude. It has nothing to do with age. 美是一种态度，与年龄无关。Remember, keep a positive attitude and good things will happen.记住：保持乐观的心态，好事自然会发生。We should develop a good attitude to/towards life. 我们应该树立良好的生活态度。4. refer /rf:(r)/vi.提到；参考；查阅(referred , referred , referring)refer to 参考；提到；指的是refer to

5、 a dictionary查词典Pronouns (it, they, she, etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier.代词（it, they, she, etc.）指前面提到的某物或某人。Pay attention to the context of words to help you understand what the pronouns refer to.单词的上下文，帮助你理解代词指代什么。In his speech, he referred to a recent trip to Canada. 他在讲演中提到

6、了前不久的加拿大之行。That remark does not refer to her.那句话不是指她说的。Dont refer to the matter again. 不要再提这件事了.You may refer to your notes if you want. 如果需要，可以参考笔记。Refer to the dictionary when you dont know how to spell a word.当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时,查阅一下词典。reference /refrns / n. 指称关系；参考reference books参考书She made no referen

7、ce to her illness but only to her future plans. 她没有提到她的病，只说了她未来的计划。I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference. 我记下了这家酒店的名字，以后也许用得着。There are several reference books to help you make your choice. 有几本参考书帮你作出选择。5. system /sstm / n.体系；系统破拆法：sy-(死要)+stem(主干) 助记：既然身在系统里，死也要跟随主干。THE CHINESE WR

8、ITING SYSTEM: CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT汉语书写系统：连接过去和现在solar system 太阳系a transport system 运输系统educational system 教育体制ecosystem生态系统People think that there are many shortcomings in our educational system.人们认为我们的教育制度有很多缺陷。The global warming will surely influence the ecosystem.全球变暖一定会影响生态系统。As t

9、he public transport system cant satisfy peoples needs, many people turn to private cars. 因为公共交通系统不能满足人们的需求，许多人转向了私家车。6. civilization /svlazen/ n.文明；文明世界词群：China is widely known for its ancient civilization which has continued all the way through into modem times, despite the many ups and downs in it

10、s history. 中国以其古老的文明而闻名，它一直延续到现代，尽管在历史上有许多起起伏伏。Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilization.雅典是希腊的首都，作为西方文明的发源地而文明。The Yangtze is one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. 长江是中华文明的母亲河之一。civilize /svlaz/ vt.使文明；教化；启发Knowledge can civilize people. 知识能够使人有教养

11、。The wild child found in the forest was gradually civilized 在森林里发现的野孩子逐渐被教化了。civilized /svlazd/ adj. 文明的；有教养的A unified writing system is considered to be an important part of civilized society.统一的书写系统被认为是文明的重要组成部分。Many volunteers are playing an active part in making Jinan a civilized city.许多志愿者正为济南建

12、设文明城市发挥积极作用。He was very kind and civilized. 他非常和蔼可亲，十分有教养。7. despite /dspat / prep. 即使；尽管词根词缀：de(远离)+-spite(special)：不管特别的情况不管，尽管，即使despite the many ups and downs in its history 尽管在历史上有许多起起伏伏Despite all these differences, lifestyle changes may be affecting French eating habits. 尽管有这些差异，生活方式变化可能在影响法国

13、的饮食习惯。Despite applying for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work. 尽管他申请了数百个工作，但仍然在失业中。She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring. 尽管她认为物理枯燥无味，她却学得很好。in spite of/despite+doing可以转换成though/although 引导的从句He always did well at school despite/in spite of doing part-time jobs eve

14、ry now and then.= He always did well at school although/though he did part-time jobs every now and then.尽管偶尔做兼职，他在学校总是学习成绩很好。8. ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember that life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups would mean nothing.当生活很艰难，你想要

15、放弃的时候，请记住， 生活充满了起起落落，如果没有低谷，那站在高处也失去了意义。The relationship between China and America has seen ups and downs in the past fifty years.在过去的50 年里，中美两国关系跌宕起伏。10. factor /fkt(r)/ n.因素；要素There are many reasons why this has been possible but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. 这种可能是有很

16、多原因的，但主要因素之一是汉语书写系统。Physical activity is an important factor in keeping healthy.进行体育活动是保持身体健康的一个重要因素。Knowledge is one of the important factors for a countrys development.知识是一个国家发展的重要因素之一。11. base /bes/vt.建立的基础baseon/upon把建立在基础上be based on/upon 以为基础/根据I based my opinion on facts. = My opinion was bas

17、ed on facts.我的看法是以事实为根据的。Their marriage was based on love and respect. 他们的婚姻建立在爱和尊重的基础上。Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just read. 第16到18个问题来源于你刚刚读过的这段文章。Based on a true story, the film deeply moved us. 以一个真实的故事为基础，这部影片深深打动了我们。n. 底部；根基；基础the economic base经济基础Plants are the base

18、of the food chain. 植物处于食物链的最底层。At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. 起初，书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。His uncle is going to make a film based on his story in his childhood.我的叔叔打算拍一部以他的童年故事为基础的电影。basis /bess/n.基础on the basis of在基础上，根据We wanted to bottom our plan on a solid basis. 我们想把我们的

19、计划建立在牢固的基础上。Statement should be made on the basis of fact. 说话要以事实为依据。basic /besk/ adj.基本的；首要的The basic forms of the English writing system are known as letters. 英语书写系统的基本形式是字母。Sleep is, after all, a very basic need.毕竟，睡眠是非常基本的需要。Basic skills of reading and writing are needed in communication. 沟通中需要基

20、本的读写技能。12. date back to/date from追溯到It dates back several thousand years to the use of longguanimal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 它可以追溯到数千年前人们使用龙骨(中国古代人雕刻符号的的动物骨骼和贝壳)的时期。Oxford and Cambridge date back to the thirteenth century. 牛津和剑桥的历史可追溯到十三世纪。What time ca

21、n the marathon date back to?马拉松可以追溯到何时?Our school dates from the 1950s.我们的学校创办于20 世纪 50 年代。【注意】date back to/date from不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态中，但可以用现在分词形式作定语。My family has a vase dating back to the Ming Dynasty. 我家有个花瓶是从明代传下来的。13. bone /bn/n.骨头It dates back several thousand years to the use of longguanimal bo

22、nes and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 它可以追溯到数千年前人们使用龙骨(中国古代人雕刻符号的的动物骨骼和贝壳)的时期。Many passengers suffered broken bones in the accident. 在事故中许多乘客骨折。This fish has a lot of bones in it. 这种鱼多刺。词群：14. shell /el/n.壳；壳状物We collected shells on the beach. 我们在海滩拾贝壳。15. symbol /sm

23、bl / n.符号；象征By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system .到商朝，这些符号已经成为一个完善的书写体系。What is the chemical symbol for copper? 铜的化学符号是什么？Red is a color loved by most Chinese people because it is a symbol of good luck and joy.红色是大多数中国人喜爱的颜色因为它是好运和喜庆的象征。The elephant is one o

24、f the Thailands symbols. 大象是泰国的象征之一。They never cut up the noodles because the long noodles are a symbol of long life.他们从不切断面条，因为长面条是长寿的象征。symbolize /smblaz/ vt. 象征，代表Many Chinese characters symbolize their meaning. 许多汉字象征着它们的意义。What does this strange mark symbolize? 这个奇怪的符号象征什么? Mickey Mouse symboli

25、zes American culture . 米老鼠是美国文化的象征。16. carve /k:v/ vt. & vi. 雕刻They carved their names on the desk. 他们把自己的名字刻在书桌上。The wood had been carved into the shape of a flower.木头雕成了花朵状。We carve and paint and we enjoy what is carved and painted.我们从事雕刻和绘画,我们也欣赏雕刻和绘画作品.词群：17. variety/vrat/n. 变异体；多样化词根词缀：vary(变异)

26、+-ety(名词后缀)：变异体；多样化It was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters那是一个中国人在地理上分裂的时期，导致了多种方言和文字的产生。vary/veri/vi.变异，变化Cherriesvaryincolourfromalmostblacktoyellow. 樱桃的颜色由近乎黑到黄各不相同。various /vers/a.各种各样的，多样的Thesedatahave beencollectedfromvariouss

27、ources.这些数据是从各方面搜集来的。a variety of = varieties of = various多种多样的；各种各样的China has a variety of / varieties of / various plants. 中国有着品种繁多的植物。I decided to leave London for a variety of / varieties of / various reasons. 由于种种原因，我决定离开伦敦。18. major/me d(r)/adj. 主要的；重要的；大的Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven m

28、ajor states into one unified country.秦始皇将七个主要国家统一为一个统一的国家。Obesity is a major risk factor in many diseases. 肥胖是引发多种疾病的重要因素。Several major companies are supporting the project. 几家大公司正在对这一项目提供资助。n.主修课程；主修学生Whether they are interested is the main concern of students when they choose a major?学生在选择专业时，是否感兴

29、趣是他们最关心的事。Her major is French. 她的专业课是法语。Shes a French major. 她是法语专业的学生。vi.主修；专门研究major in 主修学科She majored in History at Stanford. 她在斯坦福主修历史。majority / mdrti/n. 多数；大部分The majority of people prefer TV to radio. 大多数人都喜欢看电视多于听收音机。In the nursing profession, women are in a/the majority .女性在护理行业中占大多数。19. n

30、o matter +疑问词 不论；不管Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. 即使是今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么方言，他们都能通过书写（文字）进行交流。No matter where you go in life or how old you get, theres always something new to learn about.不管你生活在哪里，你有多少岁，总有新东西要学习。Dont

31、open the door, no matter who calls! 不管谁叫门，都不要开！No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. 不管谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。Any person, no matter who they are, must go through an identity check.任何人，无论是谁，都必须通过身份检查。No matter what you say, he wont believe you. 无论你说什么，他都不相信你。No matter what a serious problem you

32、may have, you should face the challenge.不管你遇到多么严重的问题，你都应该去面对挑战。A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.无论工作有多困难，一个有决心的人总是会设法完成它。Ill help you no matter when you have difficulties. 无论何时你有困难，我都会帮你。20. dialect /dalekt/ n. 地方话；方言词根词缀：dia(不同)+lect(说)：不同地方说的话方言When peop

33、le use words and expressions different form “standard language”, it is called a dialect.当人们使用不同于“标准语言”的词语和表达时，那就叫做方言。I can fluently speak different dialects of Chinese. 我可以流利地讲不同的中国方言。21. means /mi:nz/n.方式；方法；途径Written Chinese has also become an important means by which Chinas present is connected w

34、ith its past.书面汉语也已成为一种把中国的现在与过去联系起来的一个重要的手段。This is their only means of communication. 这是他们唯一的交流方式。His bike is his only means of transport . 自行车是他唯一的代步工具。Physical punishment should not be used as a means of controlling children.体罚不应该作为约束儿童的手段。by means of. 用. . 办法；借助. .He succeeded by means of hard

35、work. 他依靠自己辛勤的劳动而获得成功。We shall solve this problem by means of law and education. 我们用法律和教育这两个手段来解决这个问题。The water may be carried by means of a pipe. 水可以用管子输送。by no means 绝不，无论如何都不He is by no means a brave person. 他绝对不是一个勇敢的人。【注意】（1） means 是单复数同形的名词，作主语时，谓语的数要根据语境来判断。Every possible means has been tried

36、 to make him give up smoking. 为了让他戒烟，每一种可能的方法都试了。All possible means have been tried to make him give up smoking. 为了让他戒烟，所有可能的方法都试了。（2）先行词means 在定语从句中充当方式状语时，引导词用by which。This is the means by which he solved the problem. 这就是他解决问题的方式。22. classic /klsk /adj.经典的；古典的n. 经典作品；名著People in modem times can re

37、ad the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. 现代人可以阅读古代中国人写的经典作品。Classic music is coming back. 古典音乐又开始流行了。It is a classic style of Chinese buildings. 这是中式建筑古典风格。As I grow older, I like to read the classics. 随着年龄渐长，我喜欢读经典著作。Hong Lou Meng is my favorite literature classic. 红楼梦是我

38、最喜爱的文学名著。23. regard /rg:d/n. 尊重；关注；问候（尤用于信中表示问好）The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. 从汉字的发展可以看出(人们)对汉语书写系统的高度重视, 被人们所熟知的中国书法已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。I have a ver

39、y high regard for him and what he has achieved. 我非常钦佩他的为人和成就。We have a great regard for the advanced workers. 我们非常尊敬先进工作者。He has no regard for anyones feelings. 他不顾及别人的感受。Give my regards to your family. 请代我向你家人问好。vt. 把. 视为；看待regard as 把看作He regarded me as his friend. 他把我当成朋友。Physics has hurt me a th

40、ousand times, but I still regard it as my first love. 物理伤我千百遍，我待物理如初恋。The eagle is usually regarded as a symbol of courage 鹰常常被人们当作勇气的标志。Her work is very highly regarded. 她的工作受到高度评价。24. character /krkt(r)/n. 文字；符号；角色；品质词根词缀：char(carv刻)+acter(actor演员)：演员所要刻画的东西角色，品质Chinese characters 汉字Snow White is

41、one of the most famous Disneyland cartoon characters.白雪公主是最著名的迪士尼卡通人物之一。On November18,1978, Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.在1978年11月18日，米奇成了第一位入选好莱坞星光大道明星的卡通人物。Knowledge will give you power, but character respect.知识给你力量，品格给你别人的尊敬。Easy-going is

42、part of his character.随和是他的性格的一部分。The buildings are very simple in character. 这些建筑造型很简洁。25. calligraphy / klrfi /n. 书法；书法艺术词根词缀：calli-(漂亮)+-graphy(写，画)：写的漂亮的作品书法The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters known as Chinese calligraphy, which has

43、 become an important part of Chinese culture. 从汉字的发展可以看出(人们)对汉语书写系统的高度重视, 被人们所熟知的中国书法已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。Chinese calligraphy is a kind of art. 中国书法是一种艺术。He is good at Chinese calligraphy, especially at the running style. 他擅长书法，以草书见长。Look! This is my calligraphy work. 看，这是我的书法作品。26. global /glbl/ adj. 全球

44、的；全世界的As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate Chinas culture and history through this amazing language. 随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。Global warming is a real problem. 全球变暖是个真实存在的问题。The glo

45、bal economy is beginning to recover.全球经济开始复苏了。We are trying to find solutions to global fuel shortage.我们正设法找到解决全球能源短缺的办法。globe /glb/ n.球体；地球仪；地球Seventy percent of our globes surface is water. 地球表面70%的地方覆盖着水。According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global fertilizer c

46、onsumption.(2018全国卷II) 根据世界银行的数据，中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。globalization/lblazen/ n.全球化Not onlyis it impossibletoturn backthetideofglobalization,buteffortsto doso can make usworseoff.不仅全球化的大潮不可能逆转，而且那些不切实际的做法只能使我们的生活变得更加糟糕。27. affair /fe(r) /n.事务；事件词根词缀：af(去)+fair(=fact,做)：要去做的事事务，事件 global affairs 全球事务world

47、/international/ financial /public /business affairs世界/ 国际/ 财务/ 公共/ 商业事务The newspapers reported the Watergate affair. 报纸报道了水门事件。What I do in my spare time is my own affair. 我在业余时间做些什么是我自己的事情。同源词：见10 factor28. appreciate /pri:iet /vt. 欣赏；赏识；感激；意识到词根词缀：ap(去)+preci(价值)+ate(动词后缀)：去理解其中的价值欣赏；感激appreciate Chinas culture and history through this amazing language.通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏