2024年高考英语一轮复习（新人教版） 第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第三册 Unit 2　Morals and Virtues.docx

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1、.认阅读单词1moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n品行；道德；寓意2dilemma n进退两难的境地；困境3moral dilemma道德困境4entrust vt.委托；交付5tuition n(小组)教学；讲课6tuition fees学费7physician n医师；(尤指)内科医生8resident physician住院医师9colleague n同事；同僚10faraway adj.遥远的11kindergarten n学前班；幼儿园12insurance n保险；保险业13import n进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进14export n出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输

2、出；传播15pole n(行星的)极；地极16lap n(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈17caf n咖啡馆；小餐馆18waitress n(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者19pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的20disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n伪装；化装用具21maple n枫树；槭树22cart n手推车；运货马车23spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出24might n力量；威力25fable n寓言；寓言故事.记重点单词1virtue n高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质2faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 ad

3、j.不清楚的；微弱的3illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图4precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的5fee n专业服务费；报酬6union n协会；联合会；工会7hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n租借；租用8clinic n诊所；门诊部9decade n十年；十年期10elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处11publish vt.发表(作品)；出版12staff n员工；全体职员13principle n道德原则；法则；原则14passive adj.被动的；顺从的15whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；

4、谣传16midnight n子夜；午夜17bite vt.& vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇 n咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤18lip n嘴唇19chairman n主席；主持人；董事长20chain n一连串(人或事)；链子；链条21limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走22tear n眼泪；泪水23despair n绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望24court n(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭25income n收入；收益26per prep.每；每一27therefore adv.因此；所以.知拓展单词1marriage n结婚；婚姻marry v(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶2majority n

5、大部分；大多数major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n主修课程；少校3complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚complaint n抱怨；投诉4respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应response n反应；回答；回复5scholarship n奖学金scholar n学者6reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用rejection n拒绝接受；否决7appoint vt.任命；委派appointment n约会；任命；委任appointed adj.约定的；指定的8elect vt.选举；推选election n选举；推选；当选9tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋

6、于tendency n趋势；趋向10retire vt.& vi.退休；退职；退出retirement n退休retired adj.退休的11saving n节省物；节省；节约；pl.储蓄金；存款save vt.救；节省；储蓄12scared adj.害怕的；对感到惊慌或恐惧的scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的13sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地sharpen vt.削尖；磨快；使提高14energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的energy n精力；活力；能量15replac

7、e vt.接替；取代；更换replacement n更换；更替；替换的人/物16accident n事故；车祸；失事accidental adj.意外的；偶然的accidentally adv.偶然地17operation n手术；企业；经营operate vt.& vi.做手术；经营；操作；运转operator n操作员；接线员；经营者18assist vt.帮助；援助assistant n助理；助手assistance n帮助；援助19memory n记忆力；回忆memoriz(s)e vt.记住；记忆20harm n& vt.伤害；损害harmful adj.有害的harmfully a

8、dv.有害地harmless adj.无害的21flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的flexibly adv.灵活地flexibility n灵活性22tension n紧张关系；紧张；焦虑tense adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n(动词的)时态1compulsory adj.义务的；强制的2condemn vt.谴责；使注定3conflict vt.冲突；抵触 n冲突；矛盾4conscious adj.神志清醒的；有意识的5consequence n结果；后果6conservative adj.保守的；守旧的7considerate adj.体贴的；考虑周到的8consi

9、stent adj.一贯的；一致的.背核心短语1carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关2tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事3first aid急救4pass away去世5in memory of作为对的纪念6trip over被绊倒7in tears流着泪；含着泪8in despair处于绝望中9a great deal (of) 大量10choose to do sth选择做某事11care for喜欢；照顾12succeed in doing sth成功地做某事13be responsible for为负责14make an attempt to

10、 do sth尝试做某事；努力做某事.悟经典句式1To a person nothing is more precious than their life.(“否定词比较级”表达最高级含义)对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的2She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(the序数词n.to do)她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。3Though Lin Qiaozhi nev

11、er married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.(having done作状语)虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。4Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died,22 April 1983.(not.until)林医生坚守在岗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。5Nothing good can come to a

12、 nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.(whose引导的定语从句)如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。Li Hua，an energetic medical student，was walking by a kindergarten when an accident happened.A pregnant woman tripped over and fa

13、inted.Seeing this，her first response was to conduct first aid，but a passer-by 1.whispered to her “Think twice.” She was in a moral dilemma.After a short hesitation，she chose to send the woman to a clinic.A physician who had just retired came to assist her.However，her mother spoke sharp words and pla

14、ined about this for fear of a blackmail(讹诈)Li Hua became 3.scared.She had no income，savings or insurance.What if the woman asked her for a great deal of money? Maybe she could earn tuition fees or work as a waitress in a nearby cafHer scholarship might also help.A chain of terrible thoughts flashing

15、 through her mind，she was almost in 4.despair，and therefore could not sleep until midnight.Her fathers words carried her through the hard time.“Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the might.What is 5.more precious than life? How can you 6.reject your

16、 duty and ignore your principles？” The following day，she found the pregnant womans husband waiting in her classroom.He thanked Li Hua again and again in tears.At last，her tension 7.was replaced with pride.Afterwards，Li Hua was hired by a hospital and accepted by her colleagues quickly.Soon，she was a

17、ble to perform operations in a wonderful way.A decade later，she was appointed to be chairwoman of the hospital union.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 respond vt.回答；回复 vi.回答；响应；做出反应；回应 (response n回答；回复；反应)respond to对做出回应或反应；答复in response to对的答复；对做出反应make a/no response to对做出回应/不予回答(1)She made no response(respond) to

18、 the principle，which made me boil with anger.(2)作为对您投诉信的回应，我做出以下承诺。In response to your letter of complaint，I made the following promises.(3)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。(2020全国，书面表达)Every time I asked him for advice，he would respond to/make a response to me immediately. appoint vt.任命；委派 (appointment n约会；任命；

19、预约；委任 appointed adj.约定的；指定的)appoint sb as/to be.任命某人为appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事make/have an appointment (with sb)(与某人)约会/预约(1)I have something urgent to handle and therefore，I have to cancel the appointment(appoint) with you，and I will appoint my brother to meet(meet) you at the airport.(2)得知你已被任命

20、为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the Student Association，I sincerely congratulate you.(3)由于已经和牙医预约，我非常抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。(2021北京，书面表达)Because I have made/had an appointment with the dentist，I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookshop

21、 at the appointed time.Having made/had an appointment with the dentist，I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookshop at the appointed time.(用having done作状语改写) scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 (scared adj.害怕的；对感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的)be scared to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事be s

22、cared to death吓得要死scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事(1)After watching a scary(scare) film in the cinema，she was scared of walking home alone and therefore，she called a taxi.(2)她被老虎的吼声吓得蜷缩在一棵大树旁，心怦怦直跳。She was scared into crouching beside a big tree by the shouts of tigers，with her heart pounding.(3)当我意识

23、到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。(2020浙江7月，读后续写)When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，I was nearly scared to death.(4)我胆怯地低着头，不敢看爸爸那张阴云密布的脸。(读后续写之心理描写)I bowed my head timidly and was scared to look at my fathers cloudy face. assist vt.帮助；援助 (assistance n帮助；援助 assistant n助手；助理)assist sb to

24、 do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人come/go to ones assistance来/去援助某人with the assistance of.在的帮助下(1)Having a great deal of teaching experience at a primary school，I do believe that I am qualified to be your assistant(assist) and I can assist you with/in your teaching in China.(应用文写

25、作之申请信)(2)作为对你上封信的回复，我确保我会在英语口语方面帮你。首先，我会帮你改正你的发音。(应用文写作之回复求助信)In response to your last letter，I make sure that I will assist you with/in your oral English.Firstly，I will assist you to correct/in correcting your pronunciation.(3)正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，爸爸来帮他们了。在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。(2021新高考

26、全国，读后续写)When the twins were worried that they couldnt succeed in making a delicious Mothers Day breakfast，their father came to their assistance.With the assistance of their father/With their father assisting them/with their fathers assistance，the twins made it，their faces brimming with happy smiles.

27、 tear n眼泪；泪水 vt.(tore，torn)撕破读后续写之哭的描写：in tears流着泪；含着泪burst into tears突然大哭起来fight/hold back tears 强忍住泪水be close to tears/be on the verge of tears快要哭了be filled with tears/be brimming with tears泪流满面be in floods of tears大哭；泪如泉涌(1)David raised his head and stared at me and tears glistened in his eyes.(2

28、022新高考全国，读后续写)David raised his head and stared at me，tears glistening in his eyes.(用独立主格结构改写)(2)看着这个绝望的女士，我忍不住掉下了眼泪。眼里噙着泪水，我拥抱她，尽力安慰她。她把头靠在我的肩膀上，大哭起来，哭诉着她自己的不幸遭遇。Seeing the woman in despair，I couldnt fight/hold back tears.With my eyes in tears，I tried to comfort her by hugging her.She rested her hea

29、d on my shoulder and burst into tears，sobbing out the story of her unfortunate experience.(3)妈妈不经允许就撕开我的信，我捶胸痛哭。My mother tore my letter open without my permission and I wailed with my fists beating my chest. harm n& vt.伤害；损害；危害 (harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的)do sb harm/do harm to sb 对某人有害T

30、here is no harm (in) doing sth.做某事无害处。be harmful to对有害(1)The physician says that the medicine is harmful to children but harmless(harm) to adults.(2)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。(2021全国乙)Being addicted to online games is harmful to/does harm to our physical and mental health. Therefore，there is no h

31、arm (in) getting rid of it. a great/good deal (of) 许多的；大量a great/good deal of许多的，大量的，只能修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词可以用a great many (of)。a great/good deal用作副词短语时，可用于修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度，也可以用来修饰动词作状语。a great/good deal用作名词短语时，意为“大量，许多”，作主语或者宾语。(1)尽管大卫比其他孩子跑得慢得多，但他成功到达终点线，脸上洋溢着坚定的微笑。许多孩子情不自禁地为他鼓掌。(2022新高考全国，读后续写)Although

32、 David ran a great/good deal slower than the other kids，he made it to the finish line with a determined smile brimming on his face.A great many of the kids couldnt resist applauding him.(2)他花了大量的时间和这些贫困家庭待在一起，而且他从中学到了很多东西。He spent a great/good deal of time with the poor families，and he learned a gre

33、at/good deal from the experience. “否定词比较级”表达最高级含义 To a person nothing is more precious than their life.对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的本句中形容词比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级含义。常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等，其意义为：没有比更的了。(1)对我们来说，没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更重要的了。(读后续写之升华句)To us，nothing is more important than passing on kindness to t

34、hose in trouble.(2)我深信没人比我们班长更适合在幼儿园帮你的了。(应用文写作之推荐信)I hold the strong belief that nobody is more suitable to assist you in the kindergarten than our monitor.(3)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。(2021新高考全国，读后续写)“I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one！” the mother responded excitedly. the序

35、数词n.to doShe immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。此句中的不定式to be hired.作后置定语，修饰名词woman。当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前面有the only，the last，the right等，常用动词不定式作后置定语。在time，way，chance，ability，pro

36、mise，attempt等名词后，常用不定式作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作。(1)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact(contact) you failed.(2)约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。(2020新高考全国，读后续写)John was the first person to think of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinc

37、ed that he had the ability to help Bernard out of the difficulty.(3)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。(应用文写作之申请信)I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class to go abroad for further study.There is no doubt that I am the best person to be responsible for the job.(4)我

38、不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。I cant afford to miss such a precious chance to strengthen each others understanding.1New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later lifeand if they did，it came on a decade later than less spor

39、ty women.(2022浙江1月)新的研究发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%如果她们真的患了痴呆症，也会比不爱运动的女性晚十年。2When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest，she decided it was time to take the plunge.(2022全国甲)当她不再跳舞时，她的儿子们也已经长大成人了，她认为是尝试有挑战性的事情的时候了。3Think of a rubber band.In the beginning，it is flexible，but p

40、ut it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken.(2022新高考全国)想想橡皮筋，起初，它是有弹性的，但是把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变干且易碎。4As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform，I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him，just as our lizard had.(2021天

41、津3月)当我看着他脱下篮球服再换上棒球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。5When contributions were made by geniuses outside the clubwomen，or people of a different color or beliefthey were unacknowledged and rejected by others.(2021全国甲)当这个俱乐部之外的天才女性或不同肤色、不同信仰的人们做出贡献时，他们就不被认可，并遭到其他人的拒绝。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇.一词多义练/熟词生义练清除阅读障碍1sh

42、arpA.adj.急剧的B.adj.敏锐的C.adj.锋利的 D.adv.整点地E.adj.急转的F.adj.清晰的(1)She studied the young man with her sharp bright eyes. B (2)Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town. A (3)I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left. E (4)She planned t

43、o unlock the shop at 800 sharp the next morning. D (5)All the footprints are quite sharp and clear. F (6)She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was cutting potatoes. C 2快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)He often tends the flower beds that he has planted in the driveway.料理；照顾(2)The oper

44、ation of this machine seems to be simple but in fact it isnt.操作(3)I think the moral of the story is to let people mind their own behaviors.寓意(4)We will play basketball for half an hour in a basketball court.球场(5)When we tear one page from the calendar，it means our life has been shortened by one day.

45、撕掉.核心知识强化练巩固语言知识1Its typical of him to respond to others requests in spite of his own business.2The majority(major) of students show great respect for their teachers.3His colleagues assisted him to decorate(decorate) the house for his wedding.4We appointed her to represent(represent) us to send our

46、congratulations at the wedding ceremony.5The boys set off firecrackers to scare the monkeys into running away.6When the boss arrived，the joyful atmosphere was replaced by/with a serious one.7. After all，it is immoral to take advantage of others weaknesses to do harm to them.8To his surprise，he found a great deal of money in the envelope.9. After all，some festivals are held in memory of the ancestors.10I have never experienced a more exciting(exciting) moment than now.单句写作应用文增分练感谢信感激被任命为学生会主席1感谢您任命我为学生会主席。(appoint)Thank you for appointing me to be/as chairman of the Studen