2024年高考英语一轮复习（新人教版） 第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第二册 Unit 4　History and Traditions.docx

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1、.认阅读单词1Confucius n孔子2mansion n公馆；宅第3cemetery n墓地；公墓4philosophy n哲学5descendant n后裔；后代；子孙6heel n足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟7Achilles heel(喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点8kingdom n王国；领域9currency n通货；货币10military adj.军事的；军用的11landscape n(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景12ancestor n祖宗；祖先13courtyard n庭院；院子14county n(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县15feast n盛宴；宴会；

2、节日16cattle n牛17scent n气味；气息18stew n炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi.炖；煨19sensory adj.感觉的；感官的20transition n过渡；转变；变迁.记重点单词1individual adj.单独的；个别的 n个人2chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n(公司或机构的)首领；酋长3nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近4conquer vt.占领；征服；控制5battle n战役；搏斗 vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗6port n港口(城市)7charge n收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电8amount n金额；数量9

3、gallery n(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊10approach n方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近11ensure vt.保证；确保；担保12butter n黄油；奶油 vt.涂黄油于13honey n蜂蜜14position n位置；姿态；职位15snack n点心；小吃16roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n卷(轴)；翻滚17dot n点；小(圆)点 vt.加点；遍布18roar vi.& n吼叫；咆哮19ocean n大海；海洋20pub n酒吧；酒馆21wine n葡萄酒；果酒22beer n(一杯)啤酒.知拓展单词1puzzle n谜；智力游

4、戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑puzzling adj.令人困惑的puzzled adj.感到困惑的2belong vi.应在(某处)；适应belonging nU归属；pl.所有物，财产3defence n防御；保卫defend v防御；保卫defensive adj.防御的；保护的4legal adj.法律的；合法的illegal adj.不合法的legally adv.法律上地5surround vt.围绕；包围surrounding adj.周围的；附近的surroundings n环境6evidence n证据；证明evident adj.明显的7achievement n成就；成绩；

5、达到achieve vt.达到；实现8location n地方；地点；位置locate vt.确定的准确地点；找出的位置located adj.坐落于；位于9fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的fascinate v使入迷，迷住fascinated adj.着迷的10announce vt.宣布；通知；声称announcement n宣布；通知announcer n广播员；解说员11generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的generosity n慷慨；大方12eager adj.热切的；渴望的eagerly adv.热心地；急切地eagerness n热切；渴望13po

6、et n诗人poem n诗歌poetry n诗歌(总称)14greet vt.问候；迎接greeting n问候；致意15custom n风俗；习俗；习惯customer n顾客customs n海关16striking adj.引人注目的；显著的strike vt.打击；攻击；打动 n罢工17crowd n人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使拥挤crowded adj.拥挤的1carpenter n木匠2casual adj.随意的；不定期的3cautious adj.谨慎的；小心的4cellar n地窖，地下室5certification n证明，鉴定6challenging adj.具有挑

7、战性的7changeable adj.易变的；变化无常的8characterise vt.是的特征，以为典型.背核心短语1join.to.把和连接或联结起来2break away (from sb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱3belong to属于4as well as同(一样也)；和；还5keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意6add.to.把添加到中7refer to谈到；查阅；指的是8take over接收；接管9leave behind把抛在后面；留下；遗留10have a great influence on对有极大影响.悟经典句式1The United King

8、dom，Great Britain，Britain，Englandmany people are confused by what these different names mean.(what引导的宾语从句)联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。2So what is the difference between them，if any？(if的省略结构)如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？3They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency a

9、nd military defence.(过去分词短语作后置定语)像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。4They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.(have sth done)他们在英格兰各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行改革。5If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.(if引导的条件状语

10、从句)如果留心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你的面前，令你叹为观止。6The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(with的复合结构)“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。7With all this beauty，it is not surpris

11、ing that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing，and dining.(It isadj.that.)乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓厚的传统包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。When studying in the United Kingdom，I was no longer puzzled about when England got Wales，Scotland and Ireland 1.join

12、ed to it or when the southern part of Ireland broke away from it.The four countries 2.belonging to the UK use the same currency and military defence，but they have different legal systems.I saw much evidence that showed the Romans，the Vikings as well as the Normans invaded and conquered the Great Bri

13、tain，leaving their so-called achievements and influencing the names of locations and vocabulary.There were many fascinating places，so I had to keep my eyes open.Later I traveled to Ireland where I found myself fascinated by the landscape.It was a feast for my eyes as if I were approaching a gallery

14、in which I was 3.surrounded with beautiful pictures.Every day I was 4.greeted with the rolling mountains dotted with sheep and cattle，the roar of the ocean and the scent of flowers.I often had a sip of wine or beer in nearby pubs which 5.charged a small amount of money for their service.Once I talke

15、d about their customs with a crowd of Irish people who were interested in our Confucius philosophy，poems created by poets in the Tang Dynasty and our ancestors chief achievements.They were generous and shared with me a snack cooked with butter and honey and a mouth-watering stew.The journey was so s

16、triking that Im 6.eager to go there again.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 surround vt.包围；围绕(surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 surroundings n环境)surround.with.用包围be surrounded by/with被包围(1)The surrounding(surround) fascinating landscape nearly took my breath away.(2)您可以给我一些关于如何适应陌生环境的有益的建议吗？(应用文写作之求助信)Would you please offer

17、me some beneficial advice on how to adapt to the unfamiliar surroundings?(3)绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河曲曲折折穿行其中。(2020全国 ，书面表达)Surrounded by/with green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.There is a small river flowing through the farm. charge vt.收费；控告；充电；(向)冲 n收费；指控；主管c

18、harge sb with (doing) sth accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人犯罪charge sb money for sth 因某事/物收某人钱charge at向发起冲锋，扑向free of chargefor free免费in charge of掌管(表状态)take charge of掌管(表动作)in the charge of被掌管；由负责(1)We have enough evidence and confidence to charge you with abuse of power.(2)The generous owner of the p

19、ub charged us only a small amount of money for wine and beer.(3)上周我们就市民是否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。(议论文写作)Last week we had a heated debate about whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge/for free.(4)张着血盆大口，这只凶猛的饿狼突然跳起来，冲向我，就快要一口把我吃掉。(读后续写之动作链描写)Opening its bloody mouth，the fierce hungr

20、y wolf sprang to its feet suddenly，charged at me and was about to eat me up in one gulp.(5)我将负责一个主题班会，旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。(2021全国甲，书面表达)I will be in charge of/take charge of a theme class meeting designed to introduce traditional Chinese cultures to foreigners. amount n金额；数量 v总计，共计；相当于，等于the amount of.的数

21、量“大量/少量的”表达：a large/small amount ofn.Uv.(单数)large/small amounts ofn.Uv.(复数)amount to共计，总计；等于，相当于(1)Yesterday large amounts of honey and butter were(be) used to make this kind of snack.(2)A large amount of money was(be) spent on the construction of the school last year.(3)青少年吃垃圾食品的数量逐年上涨，这逐渐损害了他们的健康。

22、(话题写作之饮食健康)The amount of junk food teenagers eat goes up year by year，which gradually ruins their health.(4)为了保持健康，有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。(应用文写作之建议信)In order to keep healthy，a proper amount of regular exercise is quite necessary.(5)暑假期间我总共挣了300美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。(2021浙江6月，读后续写)The money I earned during the su

23、mmer holiday amounted to 300 dollars，which could help support my family. approach n接近；方法；途径 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近an approach to (doing) sth (做某事的)方法/途径；接近，靠近at the approach of在快到的时候with.approaching在快到的时候approach sth/sb 接近某物/某人(1)With the Spring Festival approaching(approach)，we could hardly contain ou

24、r inner excitement.At the approach of the Spring Festival，we could hardly contain our inner excitement.(2)我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他总是为我们提供不同的解决困难的方法。(2020全国，书面表达)The person I respect most is my headteacher who always offers us different approaches to handling our difficulties.(3)随着汽车靠近Brunswick，Vingo浑身颤抖，如坐针毡。

25、(读后续写之心理描写)(with的复合结构)With the bus approaching Brunswick，Vingo shook all over，feeling like sitting on pins and needles.(4)简颤抖着站起来，向丈夫走去，扑进他的怀里，在他的肩膀上哭个不停。(读后续写之动作链描写)Jane got to her feet shakily，approached her husband and threw herself into his arms，sobbing uncontrollably on his shoulder. eager adj.

26、渴望的；热切的(eagerly adv.热心地；急切地eagerness n热切；渴望)be eager to do sth 渴望做某事be eager for sth 渴望得到某物with eagerness热切地；急切地hide ones eagerness掩饰某人的渴望(1)I looked at the poet straight in the eyes and longed to know the truth with eagerness(eager)(2)The thrilled twins whispered to their father，“We are eager to co

27、ok(cook) a delicious breakfast for our beloved mother.Not having enough cooking experience，we are eager for your timely help.”(2021新高考全国，读后续写)(3)当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候，他无法掩饰他的渴望。(读后续写之心理描写)When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday，the boy couldnt hide his eagerness. break away (from sb/sth

28、)突然离开；脱离；背叛；逃脱break up打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等)破裂break down垮掉；分解；出故障break into破门而入break in破门而入；打断；插话break out (战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发用break的相关短语填空(1)My dog suddenly broke away from me，charged at the door and began to bark fiercely.(读后续写之动作链描写)(2)Fred has given me no good reason for being eager to break up our marriag

29、e.(3)Finally I broke down，shedding tears with my face covered in my hands.(读后续写之情感描写)(4)When I got home，I found my house broken into and some money stolen.(5)He was charging his mobile phone when the fire broke out. belong to属于；是的成员；是的组成部分belong vi.应在(某处)；适应，合得来 belonging nU归属；pl.所有物；财产a sense of be

30、longing归属感注意：belong to 没有被动语态和进行时态，用作非谓语时要使用doing形式。(1)Having sold most of his belongings(belong)，the poet almost had nothing left in the house.(2)属于我的酒馆被夷为平地，这让我坠入无尽的深渊。The pub belonging(belong) to me was burnt to the ground，which made me crash into the limitless abyss.(3)正是由于我慷慨善良的同学们的帮助我才有了归属感。It

31、 is because of my generous and kind-hearted classmates assistance that I feel a sense of belonging. as well as同(一样也)；和；还as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词，通常不位于句首。作“也，还”解，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与as well as前面的主语保持一致(就远原则)。用作介词时，as well as相当于besides，in addition to，意思为“除之外”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。(1)Your wife a

32、s well as you is(be) friendly and generous，for which I am very grateful.(2)As well as eating(eat) a five-course meal，they drank seven bottles of wine.(3)我们的班主任和五名学生代表被邀请在昨天的成人礼上发表演讲。(2020天津7月，书面表达)Our headteacher as well as five student representatives was invited to deliver a speech at yesterdays c

33、oming-of-age ceremony. if的省略结构 So what is the difference between them，if any？如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？if any(如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于if (there is/are) any.。if not如果不是这样的话if so如果是这样的话if ever如果曾有的话if necessary如果有必要的话if possible如果可能的话(1)如果有人要来的话，请让我知道有多少，我好做准备。Please let me know how many people are coming，if any，so

34、 that I can make preparations.(2)如果是这样的话，我真诚地邀请你和我的家人一起庆祝中秋节；如果不的话，我会向你推荐一些附近的迷人的景点。请提前告诉我你的决定以便我可以做出进一步的安排。(话题写作之节假日活动)If so，I sincerely invite you to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Day with my family.If not，I will recommend some nearby fascinating scenic spots to you.Please inform me of your decision in

35、 advance so that I can make further arrangements.(3)如果可能的话，请提前告诉我你所需要的东西。If possible，please tell me what you need in advance.(4)If it is necessary，our school will provide the students with the language training courses.If necessary，our school will provide the students with the language training cour

36、ses. with的复合结构 The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。with的复合结构在句中作状语和定语，主要包括：with宾语to do(表示将来的动作)with宾语doing(表示主动或进行)with宾语do

37、ne(表示被动或完成)with宾语介词短语/adj./adv.(1)有如此多的工作要做，我焦虑不堪，难以入眠。With so much work to do，I was so anxious that I had trouble sleeping.(2)完成了所有的准备工作，他高兴地跳了起来，眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒。(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)With all the preparations made，he jumped with joy，his eyes glittering with excitement.(3)Tom threw himself into his mothers arms

38、and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes.(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)Tom threw himself into his mothers arms，with tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes.(用with的复合结构改写)Tom threw himself into his mothers arms，tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes.(用独立主格结构改写)(4)As

39、time goes by，more students as well as teachers are eager to join our Spoken English Club.(2022天津3月，书面表达)With time going by，more students as well as teachers are eager to join our Spoken English Club.(用with的复合结构改写)1That is partly because people are driving more，but Mark Rosekind，the chief of the Nati

40、onal Highway Traffic Safety Administration，said distracted driving was “only increasing，unfortunately.”(2022新高考全国)部分原因是人们开车越来越多，但美国国家公路交通安全管理局局长马克罗斯金德表示，不幸的是，分心驾驶不断增多。2Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources to make，and buying loads of new clothing(or throwing out old clothing) is not heal

41、thy for the environment.(2021全国甲)衣服的制作需要大量的自然资源，购买大量的新衣服(或扔掉旧衣服)对环境是不健康的。3That approach brought Cobbs air travel last year down by 75%，and she plans to continue the practice.(2022浙江1月)这种做法使柯布去年的航空旅行减少了75%，她计划继续这样做。4Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or fa

42、milyno matter where you are in the world.了解一些提示将有助于确保您与朋友或家人一起享用愉快的晚餐不管你在世界的哪个地方。(2022全国甲)5They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(2022全国乙)它们也同样可以精确地检查铁路线路和铁路基础

43、设施的其他重要方面，比如说，铁轨和转接点的正确位置。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇.一词多义练/熟词生义练清除阅读障碍1charge(1)The young man was charged with abusing drugs. B (2)My father took charge of the company five years ago. A (3)Have you got your phone charged？It was powered off just now. D (4)Luckily，the wolf didnt charge again after I used wolf

44、 spray. E (5)The old man charged me 10 dollars for a bottle of honey. C 2approachA.vt.& vi.靠近；临近B.vt.与商量 C.vt.处理D.n.方法；途径(1)The students approach their teacher for advice. B (2)She decided to adopt a different approach to the problem. D (3)As the summer break is approaching，I will be free for almost

45、 three months. A (4)Whats the best way to approach this problem？ C 3快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)I am writing to apply for the position of Chief Editor.职位(2)After reading the book，you must put it where it belongs.应在(某处).核心知识强化练巩固语言知识1A province attempted to break away from the country，which accounted fo

46、r why the president was upset.2The identity card doesnt belong to me，though the picture looks particularly similar to me.3As well as telling(tell) interesting stories，the author gave some tips to protect our privacy.4Surrounded(surround) by familiar colleagues，he felt a strong sense of belonging.5Charged with copying others articles，the blogger was fined.6The only approach to solving(solve) the problem is discussing it at the conference.7I am eager to keep(keep) myself updated with the latest news by surfing the Internet.8The supermarket was crowded